Oxford Assess and Progress is a new and unique revision resource for medical students. Written and edited by subject and assessment experts the series provides a wealt of popular assessment questions and extra features to be truly fit for purpose and assessment success! Medical students will benefit from a comprehensive selection of Single Best Answer questions and Extended Matching Questions designed to test understanding and application of core medical science topics. Well illustrated, many assessment items are image based to prepare students for such exam questions. Chapter introductions provide a helpful quick overview of each topic. Ideal companions to the best-selling Oxford Handbooks, these excellent self-assessment guides can also be used entirely independently. Oxford Assess and Progress: Medical Sciences doesn't simply reveal the correct or wrong answer. Readers are directed to further revision material via detailed feedback on why the correct answer is best, and references to the Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences and resources such as medical science textbooks. Each question is rated out of four possible levels of difficulty, from medical student to junior doctor. Carefully compiled and reviewed to ensure quality, students can rely on the Oxford Assess and Progress series to prepare for their exams.

Multiple sclerosis is the most common neurological cause of debilitation in young people; it affects approximately 85,000 people in the UK, 400,000 people in the US and approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. The disease commonly manifests in the second or third decade of life, and in most cases it leads to progressive disability, which explains its enormous impact on the economy (estimated at around GBP1.4 billion annually). The disease is incurable and the precise causes are still unknown. Part of the Oxford Neurology Library series, this practical pocketbook summarises the latest understanding of what might cause the disease, the methods of diagnosis and assessment, and current management techniques. The book also includes chapters on variants of multiple sclerosis, on childhood-onset disease and future therapies. This pocketbook will serve as an invaluable reference for trainee neurologists, consultants needing rapid access to core facts, interested general practitioners and specialist MS nurses.

Marks' Basic Medical Biochemistry takes a patient-oriented approach that links biochemistry to physiology and pathophysiology, allowing students to apply fundamental concepts to the practice of medicine-from diagnosing patients to recommending effective treatments. Intuitively organized chapters center on hypothetical patient vignettes and helpful icons allow for smooth navigation, making complex concepts easier to grasp! Access additional resources online with purchase of text! Instructors receive access to a dedicated Image Bank as well as all student features, which include fully searchable eBook; animations depicting 9 key biochemical concepts; interactive question bank with more than 450 USMLE questions and complete rationales; full patient summaries for each patient discussed in the text; comprehensive list of disorders covered in the text, with relevant web links; and suggested readings for further exploration.

The natural, biological, medical, and related sciences would not be what they are today without the microscope. After the introduction of the optical microscope, a second breakthrough in morphostructural surface analysis occurred in the 1940s with the development of the scanning electron microscope (SEM), which, instead of light (i. e. , photons) and glass lenses, uses electrons and electromagnetic lenses (magnetic coils). Optical and scanning (or transmission) electron microscopes are called "far-field microscopes" because of the long distance between the sample and the point at which the image is obtained in comparison with the wavelengths of the photons or electrons involved. In this case, the image is a diffraction pattern and its resolution is wavelength limited. In 1986, a completely new type of microscopy was proposed, which, without the use of lenses, photons, or electrons, directly explores the sample surface by means of mechanical scanning, thus opening up unexpected possibilities for the morphostructural and mechanical analysis of biological specimens. These new scanning probe microscopes are based on the concept of near-field microscopy, which overcomes the problem of the limited diffraction-related resolution inherent in conventional microscopes. Located in the immediate vicinity of the sample itself (usually within a few nanometers), the probe records the intensity, rather than the interference signal, thus significantly improving resolution. Since the most we- known microscopes of this type operate using atomic forces, they are frequently referred to as atomic force microscopes (AFMs).

This book combines orthopedists' and radiologists' perspectives to provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly expanding use of ultrasound in orthopedic surgery. It also highlights the growing awareness of the potential of this non-invasive and portable, real-time imaging tool, which has led to its inclusion in the minimally invasive toolkit of upper limb surgeons.The book is divided into five parts - shoulder, elbow, forearm, hand and wrist and fingers. Each part focuses on a particular anatomic region or joint, carefully analyzing the sonoanatomy of its nerves, tendons and bones. For each region, experienced experts illustrate how to perform specific techniques under ultrasound control, ranging from classic procedures, like carpal tunnel release, to the treatment of less common conditions. Covering all the basic and practical aspects of this innovative, multi-disciplinary approach, as well as future perspectives, this unique book is a must-read for all orthopedists, radiologists, sports physicians and physiotherapist wanting to gain insights into this promising field.

It was one of the great moments of humanity when Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845- 1923) discovered a new kind of radiation on 8 November 1895. He himself modestly called them "X-rays". Roentgen's name and his rays became world famous. On 10 December 1901, Roentgen received the first Nobel Prize in Physics. X-rays have lost none of their appeal since then. They still permeate all areas of science, technology and medicine and accompany us in our everyday lives. However, Roentgen's scientific work cannot be reduced to this one great discovery alone. He was an excellent natural scientist, and his spirit of research is still an example for many scientists today. Roentgen's very special interest in precision physics is also more topical than ever. This carefully curated volume offers a multifaceted view of an outstanding natural scientist and provides insights into his personal legacy.

This open access book is only an introduction to show that radiation and radioisotopes (RI) are premier tools to study living plant physiology which leads to new findings. Who had ever imagined that we could see water in a plant? Who had ever imagined that we could see ions moving toward roots in solution? Who had ever imagined that we could see invisible gas (CO2) fixation and movement in a plant? These studies demonstrated for the first time that water, ions and gas can be visualized in living plants, which could be hardly seen by anyone before. This publication summarizes the results obtained by Nakanishi's lab in The Univ. of Tokyo, based on her original concept and her original tools or systems. It is useful for professional scientists, plant physiologist, and those studying plant imaging. The chapters demonstrates the innovative imaging work of the author, using radioactive tracers and neutron beam to follow the absorption and transport manner of water as well as major, minor, and trace elements in plants. Through these studies the author developed a real-time macroscopic and microscopic imaging system able to apply commercially available gamma- and beta-ray emitters. The real-time movement of the elements is now possible by using 14C, 18F, 22Na, 28Mg, 32P, 33P, 35S, 42K, 45Ca, 48V, 54Mn, 55Fe, 59Fe, 65Zn, 86Rb, 109Cd, and 137Cs. The imaging methods was applied to study the effect of 137Cs following 3/11 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant accident, which has revealed the movements of radiocesium in the contaminated sites.

Bioenhancers have been used in Ayurveda historically and are now being investigated for their pharmacological effi cacy. Herbal bioenhancers work on the gastrointestinal tract to improve absorption and drug bioavailability by acting on the drug metabolic process. Many herbal drugs show low activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size. Piperine, gingerol, naringin, quercetin, niaziridin, glycyrrhizin, allicin, curcumin, genistein and others are able to enhance the bioavailability of active pharmaceuticals. This book details various facets of herbal bio-enhancers in a single comprehensive text.

This book combines orthopedists' and radiologists' perspectives to provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly expanding use of ultrasound in orthopedic surgery. It also highlights the growing awareness of the potential of this non-invasive and portable, real-time imaging tool, which has led to its inclusion in the minimally invasive toolkit of upper limb surgeons.The book is divided into five parts - shoulder, elbow, forearm, hand and wrist and fingers. Each part focuses on a particular anatomic region or joint, carefully analyzing the sonoanatomy of its nerves, tendons and bones. For each region, experienced experts illustrate how to perform specific techniques under ultrasound control, ranging from classic procedures, like carpal tunnel release, to the treatment of less common conditions. Covering all the basic and practical aspects of this innovative, multi-disciplinary approach, as well as future perspectives, this unique book is a must-read for all orthopedists, radiologists, sports physicians and physiotherapist wanting to gain insights into this promising field.

Dieses Buch bietet strukturierte und aktuellste Informationen zu allen Routineanwendungen der Mehrschicht- (Multidetektor-) Computertomographie, auch der neuesten Gerategeneration (Dual-Slice bzw. Dual-Layer).

Es enthalt ausfuhrliche Kapitel zum technischen Hintergrund und behandelt systematisch alle wichtigen Organsysteme: Herz, Kopf und Hals, Thorax und Abdomen mit parenchymalen Organen und Gastrointestinaltrakt.

Jedes Protokoll wird tabellarisch prasentiert; dies ermoglicht dem Benutzer einen schnellen Uberblick uber die gewunschten Anwendungen und die notwendigen Einstellungen des CT-Gerats.

Alle Beitrage sind verfasst von anerkannten Experten auf dem Gebiet der CT, die nicht nur ihre reiche klinische Erfahrung in jedem Anwendungsgebiet einbringen, sondern auch Anleitungen fur Indikationen, Arbeitsablauf, Nachbearbeitung und Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen erarbeitet haben."

Drug resistance in cancer, whereby a proportion of cancer cells evades chemotherapy, poses a profound and continuing challenge for the effective treatment of cancer. The principles underlying the biological mechanisms behind this phenomenon are clearly understood and explained in this volume. However, a deeper understanding of drug resistance requires a quantitative appreciation of the dynamic forces that shape tumour growth, including spontaneous mutation and selection processes. The authors seek to explain and to simplify these complex mechanisms, and to place them in a clinical context. Clearly explained mathematical models are used to illustrate the biological principles and provide an insight into tumour development and the effectiveness and limitations of drug treatment. It is suitable for those with a non-mathematical background and aims to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapy.

This brand new Lecture Notes title provides the core biomedical science study and revision material that medical students need to know. Matching the common systems-based approach taken by the majority of medical schools, it provides concise, student-led content that is rooted in clinical relevance. The book is filled with learning features such as key definitions and key conditions, and is cross-referenced to develop interdisciplinary awareness. Although designed predominantly for medical students, this new Lecture Notes book is also useful for students of dentistry, pharmacology and nursing. Biomedical Science Lecture Notes provides: * A brand new title in the award-winning Lecture Notes series * A concise, full colour study and revision guide * A 'one-stop-shop' for the biomedical sciences * Clinical relevance and cross referencing to develop interdisciplinary skills * Learning features such as key definitions to aid understanding

For over thirty years, rodents have been used in the study of many human and animal diseases. The rat in particular continues to serve as an experimental model for drug safety and efficacy tests for the treatment of neurological disorders, heart disease, diabetes, breast, liver and other cancers. With the more recent advent of transgenic technology, an impressive amount of new knowledge about transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has been accumulated. It is likely that the principles learned from the study of these prion diseases will be applicable to elucidating the causes of more common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. As a result of this and, more importantly, because of increasingly complicated legislation governing the use of animals in regulated procedures, there is a need for experimenters (both experienced and those new to the laboratory) to improve their skills continuously and to become au fait with all aspects of preparatory techniques. The Rat Nervous System provides an accessible guide to the dissection and perfusion of rats, placing particular emphasis on the preparation of nervous tissue for further study in the laboratory including biochemical analysis and microscopic study. Logically structured with highly illustrated chapters covering gross anatomy, anatomy of the nervous system, anaesthesia, biological fixation and tissue extraction, the book provides a comprehensive introduction to those techniques required to provide consistent, high-quality tissues for subsequent investigation. Animal husbandry of a high standard, together with minimisation of discomfort, is essential if the information sought by the investigator is to be valid and reproducible; an overview of these topics is therefore also incorporated in this volume.

The book presents, in a unified manner, various crystallization design methods. It discusses in detail the geometric framework for representing complex phase behavior involving multiple solutes, enantiomers, hydrates, compounds, polymorphs, and solid solutions through visualization of high-dimensional phase diagrams. It also describes how the impact of transport processes is accounted for using kinetically controlled process paths.

This uniquely accessible volume challenges professionals to understand-and help correct-health disparities, both at the patient level and in their larger social contexts. Dedicated to eradicating this ongoing injustice, contributors focus on marginalized populations, the role of healthcare systems in perpetuating inequities, the need for deeper engagement and listening by professionals, and the need for advocacy within professional education and the political/policy arena. The compelling case narratives at the core of the book illustrate the interrelated biopsychosocial components of patients' health problems and the gradations of learning needed for practitioners to address them effectively. The book's tools for developing a health disparities curriculum include a selection of workshop exercises, facilitator resources, and a brief guide to writing effective case narratives. A sampling of the narratives: "Finding the Person in Patient-Centered Health Care" (race/ethnicity/culture). "The Annual Big Girl / Big Boy Exchange" (gender). "Just Give Me Narcan and Let Me Go" (poverty/addiction). "Everyone Called Him Crazy" (immigration). "Adrift in the System" (disability). "Aging out of Pediatrics" (mental illness and stigma). "Time to Leave" (LGBT) A work of profound compassion, Health Disparities will be of considerable interest to researchers and practitioners interested in public health, population health, health disparities, and related fields such as sociology, social work, and narrative medicine. Its wealth of educational features also makes it a quality training text. "I was impressed when I read Health Disparities: Weaving a New Understanding through Case Narratives. As a patient who has experienced unpleasant situations in health care, I was moved to see that it was emotional and personal for the writers. The book confirms for me that the time is now for change to take place in our health care systems. I see this book as a light that can shine bright in the darkest places of health care. The editors have assembled a powerful book that provides all health professionals with specific steps they can take towards addressing and then eventually eliminating health disparities. A few steps that I really connected with were improving critical awareness, delivering quality care, listening and empathizing with patients and families, and advocating for changes. I recommend that anyone interested in working to improve health care obtain a copy of this book-it's filled with useful information that every medical professional should know. The book reminds me of a quote by Wayne Dyer, 'When you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change.'" -Delores Collins, Founder and Executive Director, A Vision of Change Incorporated, Certified Community Health Worker. Founder of The Greater Cleveland Community Health Workers Association.

Literature and Medicine: A Practical and Pedagogical Guide is designed to introduce narrative medicine in medical humanities courses aimed at pre-medicine undergraduates and medical and healthcare students. With excerpts from short stories, novels, memoirs, and poems, the book guides students on the basic methods and concepts of the study of narrative. The book helps healthcare professionals to build a set of skills and knowledge central to the practice of medicine including an understanding of professionalism, building the patient-physician relationship, ethics of medical practice, the logic of diagnosis, recognizing mistakes in medical practice, and diversity of experience. In addition to analyzing and considering the literary texts, each chapter includes a vignette taken from clinical situations to help define and illustrate the chapter's theme. Literature and Medicine illustrates the ways that engagement with the humanities in general, and literature in particular, can create better and more fulfilled physicians and caretakers.

One of our most popular charts Shows right lateral view of the vertebral column with markings to show location of atlas & axis, cervical, thoracic & lumbar vertebrae, and sacrum and coccyx. Provides various views of atlas & axis, second lumbar vertebra, fifth cervical vertebra, seventh and eleventh thoracic vertebrae, and sacrum and coccyx. Compatibility: BlackBerry(R) OS 4.1 or Higher / iPhone/iPod Touch 2.0 or Higher /Palm OS 3.5 or higher / Palm Pre Classic / Symbian S60, 3rd edition (Nokia) / Windows Mobile(TM) Pocket PC (all versions) / Windows Mobile Smartphone / Windows 98SE/2000/ME/XP/Vista/Tablet PC

Innovations in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology summarizes the state of the art in nano-sized materials. The authors focus on innovation aspects and highlight potentials for future developments and applications in health care, including pharmaceutics, dentistry, and cosmetics; information and communications; energy; and chemical engineering. The chapters are written by leading researchers in nanoscience, chemistry, pharmacy, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and social science. The authors come from a range of backgrounds including academia, industry, and national and international laboratories around the world. This book is ideally suited for researchers and students in chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, materials science, and medicine and is a useful guide for industrialists. It aims to provide inspiration for scientists, new ideas for developers and innovators in industry, and guidelines for toxicologists. It also provides guidelines for agencies and government authorities to establish safe working conditions.

This book provides a concise yet comprehensive source of information on the classification, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of vascular lesions of the orbit and face. It highlights recent technological innovations and new treatments that have significantly improved the ability to accurately evaluate and successfully treat these lesions with reduced complications. Some of these advances include new imaging modalities, intravascular and intralesional treatment approaches, photodynamic therapy, and additional medical therapies. Many of these advances have led to paradigm shifts in the understanding and management of vascular lesions of the orbit and face. This book, written by experts in the fields of ophthalmology, dermatology, diagnostic and interventional radiology, and oculoplastic surgery, features structured, in-depth chapters that can also be quickly consulted as a reference guide. It is an excellent resource for those in training as well as seasoned practitioners wishing to acquaint themselves with the newest diagnostic and treatment techniques for orbital vascular lesions.

This detailed volume includes a rich variety of applications using various instrumentations, probes, disease models, and targets in order to account for the multidisciplinary nature of the use of in vivo fluorescence imagine. The book also includes chapters on the emerging fields of cell tracking, image-guided treatment, and fluorescence imaging in the second NIR window, as well as protocols for evaluation methods before and after in vivo imaging. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging: Methods and Protocols serves as a valuable reference for researchers from numerous fields who wish to become more familiar with in vivo fluorescence imaging techniques.

This volume covers state-of-the-art applications of solid-state and solution nuclear magnetic resonance( NMR) spectroscopy to study protein structure, dynamics and interactions. Chapters detail various aspects of data acquisition and processing, determination of the structure, multi-timescale dynamics of entities ranging from individual proteins to large macromolecular complexes to intact viral assemblies. The final two chapters will highlight the promise of NMR beyond field strengths of 1 GHz to study the structure, dynamics and interactions of a larger class of proteins and protein complexes of extraordinary biological interest. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters provide detailed laboratory protocols and troubleshooting tips that would be of great practical help to NMR spectroscopists with different levels of expertise. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Protein NMR: Methods and Protocol aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This volume presents current advanced technologies and methods used in super-resolution microscopy. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of topics such as introducing super-resolution microscopy into a core facility; two-photon STED microscopy for nanoscale imaging of neural morphology in vivo; correlative SIM-STORM microscopy; two-color single-molecule tracking in live cells; and correlative single molecule localization microscopy and confocal microscopy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Super-Resolution Microscopy: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both established and novel researchers and users in this field.

This book explores the non-interventional aspects of interventional pulmonology, focusing on diseases of the central airways. As the field of bronchology and interventional pulmonology expands, newer conditions involving the central airways are being recognized with increasing frequency. Current literature has mainly focused on technical aspects of the subspecialty, but this book illuminates what else interventional pulmonology has to offer the pulmonologist, including diagnosis and alternate therapeutic options. Diseases of the Central Airways: A Clinical Guide presents techniques for the diagnoses, management and treatment of patients with intriguing central airway conditions such as: black bronchoscopy, tracheobronchomalacia, endobronchial tuberculosis, and tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. In-depth chapters are written by international experts and are up-to-date and comprehensive reviews. This important new book will contribute significantly to the welfare of patients with lung ailments of the central airways.

This book begins with the basic terms and definitions and takes a student, step by step, through all areas of medical physics. The book covers radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology, dosimetry, radiation shielding, and nuclear medicine, all at a level suitable for undergraduates. This title not only describes the basics concepts of the field, but also emphasizes numerical and mathematical problems and examples. Students will find An Introduction to Medical Physics to be an indispensible resource in preparations for further graduate studies in the field.