The second edition of Single Best Answers in Surgery, Second Edition continues to provide invaluable guidance to this widely used question format, written by authors who understand that detailed explanations accompanying each answer are the key to a successful revision aid. This book presents more than 500 SBA questions arranged into topic areas as well as a section of random questions for self-testing under examination conditions. A clear discussion of how the correct answer was reached and other options ruled out for every question is given at the end of each section, making this book an excellent learning aid for all stages of undergraduate surgical studies, and particularly during revision for final examinations.

The majority of amputations in the western world today are due to vascular disease. Despite the advances in surgical treatment of this disease, particularly by reconstruction, it is a sad fact that the number of amputations performed in these countries each year for vascular disease is increasing. Most of these amputees are elderly and their life expectancy is short, so it is important that the treatment and rehabilitation that they receive is informed, appropriate, efficient and swift to enable them to return successfully to life in the community for their remaining years. Management of this group of patients has proved to be successful only if a multidisciplinary team approach is adopted. Until recently in the UK, this approach sadly has only been implemented by a few centres. However, with the publication of the McColl report into the prosthetic and wheelchair service in 1986, interest in the care of the amputee is growing throughout the country. This book covers all aspects of amputation from disease and diagnosis to rehabilitation and community discharge with emphasis on the man agerneut of the largest group, the vascular lower limb amputee. A team approach is described and emphasized as being essential for good results and subsequent successful return into the community. The role of each of the important disciplines is described in relation to the appropriate part of the rehabilitation phase."

In den Bereichen Laser/Optoelektronik/Mikrowellen werden Forschungsergebnisse in rasantem Tempo in technische Entwicklungen und Anwendungen umgesetzt. Der seit 1973 alle 2Jahre in M}nchen veranstaltete internationale Kongress gibt, in Verbindung mit der bedeutendsten internationalen Fachmesse der Optoelektronik, einen ]berblick }ber den aktuellen Stand in Forschung, Technik und Medizin. InFortsetzung dieser Tradition vermittelt der 10. Internationale Kongre~ LASER91 neue Erkenntnisse aus Grundlagenforschung, Entwicklung und praxisbezogener Anwendung. Zur Abdeckung des breiten Interessenspektrums von Forschern, Ingenieuren, [rzten und Anwendern wurde der Kongre~ in unterschiedliche Darbietungsebenen strukturiert. Die Vortr{ge, die sich mit medizinischen Anwendungen befassen, wurden in folgende Themengruppen gegliedert: Chirurgie/Surgery.-Urologie/Urology.-Photodynamische Therapie/Photodynamic Therapy.-Gyn{kologie/Gynecology.- Neurochirurgie/Neurosurgery.-Angioplastie/Angioplasty.- HNO/ENT.-Ophtalmologie/Ophtalmology.- Zahnmedizin/Dentistry. -Optische Methoden in der Diagnostik/Optical Methods in Dia- gnosis.-Dermatologie/Dermatology.-Photobiologie/Photobiolo- gy.- Laserstrahlenschutz in der klinischen Forschung und Routine/Laser Ray Protection in clinical research and practice.

In 50 Landmark Papers every Trauma Surgeon Should Know, editors Stephen Cohn and Ara Feinstein have compiled a selection of the most influential contributions to the specialty of trauma surgery. This book comprises 50 thought-provoking reviews of carefully selected papers and explains how trauma surgery practice has changed as a result of this research. The selection of key papers, the insights into the significance of each paper from trauma experts, and the opportunity to read the original authors' thoughts about their groundbreaking developments, make this a unique and fascinating resource. Of interest to surgical residents and trainees, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care fellows and all members of the Trauma team. This is both an informative and personal look at the foundation stones of modern Trauma care. Key Features Unique commentaries by original authors and experts Demonstrates how clinical practice has adapted following these landmark studies Specialty-defining papers are brought to life, and their impact assessed Shows how the insight and vision of individual surgeons propelled change

Emerging Electromagnetic Medicine presents the latest research findings in the field of electromagnetic radiation. The book discusses the research of current active researchers in terms of synthesizing and sharing their ideas on the use of electromagnetic fields in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine, now and in the future, including the benefits and risks involved. The book consists of three parts prefaced by a brief historic perspective. Section I describes the theoretical concerns and actual mechanisms involved; Section II covers current preclinical studies, performed in vivo and in vitro, concerning the biological action of the electromagnetic radiation; and Section III reports on actual clinical applications of electromagnetic therapy and also the current machinery used to do so.

Interventional Radiology has as its main goal the performance of surgical techniques using a percutaneous approach to simplify patient care. Percutaneous cholecystostomy now has many advocates; still, it is practised in comparatively few centers. Over many years it was used as a last resort at failed transhepatic cholangiography to provide images of the bile ducts in biliary obstruction. Transhepatic cholecystostomy is reputed to be safer than transperito- neal puncture, since bile leaks do not enter the peritoneum. The advo- cates of percutaneous cholecystolithotomy, almost without exception, fa- vour subcostal cholecystostomy and puncture of the fundus of the gall- bladder. There is no evidence of bile peritonitis after successfully making a track to the gallbladder 18 F in diameter or larger for stone removal. After 1-7 days a postlithotomy drain is removed from the gallbladder and the patient is allowed home. Transhepatic cholecystostomy for gallstone lysis, in contrast, requires only a 5-F track to the hepatic surface of the gallbladder. Loss of the gallbladder is not as great a fear with this technique as it is during dilata- tion of a subcostal track for cholecystolithotomy. During the latter pro- cedure this may result in laparotomy to avoid bile peritonitis, while in the former, if the gallbladder is still visualised, the procedure may be re- commenced immediately. Catheter dislodgement is a fear when prolon- ged catheterisation is considered.

This book presents a comprehensive survey in which internationally recognized experts discuss specific topics. The wide spectrum of experimental and clinical investigations include the pathophysiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Update 1989 represents the series' continuous effort to combine the most recent developments in one reference source for all those involved in cardiology, internal medicine, pediatrics, anesthesia, intensive care and emergency medicine.

PTA has proven to be an essential tool in the diagnosis of peripheral occlusive vascular disease. It substantially contributes to economize therapy. This volume presents the results of several working groups, gives technical information about new devices such as Laser-PTA and Rotator-PTA, atherectomy, thrombolysis and stent application, and shows the risks. These results are presented with critical appreciation of the advantages and disadvantages and with early and late results. These new developments within the scope of PTA indicate the trends for the future.

This small but information-packed book is the first to focus exclusively on iatrogenic vascular injuries. It is a timely first, for the scope and magnitude of this subject have reached almost epidemic proportions recently, as a result of exponential increases in the use of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures by almost every medical and surgical speciality. The data on vascular trauma from "civilian" experiences are becoming dominated by injuries of iatrogenic cause. Even were it not for medical-legal liability, the importance of prompt recognition and correct treatment of injuries that we ourselves cause is obvious, as is the need for preventive measures to be clearly identified and adopted. This book serves these needs well through a nicely balanced focus on prevention, on the one hand, with its comprehensive review of epidemiology and etiology, and on management, on the other, with its practical comments on diagnosis, treatment and outcome. The organization of this book makes it very usable. After chapters on both arterial and venous catheterization injuries, there follows a thorough analysis of injuries associated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and other endovascular procedures. Then, after a chapter on noninvasive vascular injuries, there follows a series of chapters dealing with vascular injuries associated with the practice of specific specialties: radiation therapy, orthopedics, neurosurgery (especially lumbar disc surgery), gynecology, head and neck surgery, urology, adult general surgery, and pediatric surgery.

It is both a pleasure and a privilege to be invited to contribute a foreword to this book, which deserves - and needs - to be read by virtually everyone who is concerned with the treatment and subse quent welfare of the victims of severe injuries of the brain. Some friends, relatives and workmates might be helped by reading some parts of it, but, if the book has the effect it deserves to have on therapists, nurses, doctors, and others working in both hospitals and the community, these laymen will be suitably informed and assisted by one or more members of the necessarily large therapeutic team. The improvements in methods of resuscitation that have taken place during the last 40 years or so have abolished the previously fatalistic readiness to accept that a week or two in coma after a head injury was virtually a sentence to death from pneumonia. After it had become possible to save lives it gradually became clear that survival of the patient was not necessarily followed by recovery of the brain and that the price of success, in saving lives, was a popula tion of cerebral cripples that was increasing at the rate of 1000 or more a year throughout the country. Although this figure has remained about the same for more than 20 years, there has been a great improvement in the amount of interest, the standard of care and the quality of results that are being achieved."

During the last meeting of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (Barcelona 7-16 September 1987), a Symposium was devoted to the use of calcium antagonists in cerebral vasospasm. As shown by its title "Prevention and treatment of delayed ischaemic dysfunction in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage: an update," papers presented at the Symposium covered a broad spectrum from some basic data on pathophysiology of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and delayed ischaemic dysfunction, to the clinical use of nimodipine, which has been largely documented among calcium inhibitors for its cerebrovascular properties. This supplementum of Acta Neurochirurgica is based upon the papers presented. Some articles, however, have been extended to take into account further results in order to present a broad view of the subject. The Symposium started with two presentations concerning general aspects of SAH: in the first one, B. Voldby reviewed the pathophysiological events following SAH: if modifications of intracranial pressure (ICP) and decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF) are the primary alterations, metabolic changes (particularly reduction in CMR0 ) 2 contribute rapidly to disturbances of brain circulation. A variety of mechanisms may be responsible for the neurological dysfunction: most of them are directly related to the reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) which may result in ischaemia. This fall in CPP (either due to elevation of ICP or reduction of mean arterial blood pressure) is observed under different pathophysiological conditions, discussed in the paper by A. D. Mendelow.

This series on the treatment of cancer is sponsored by the UICe. The editors and authors feel strongly that more standar dization in cancer therapy is needed on a worldwide basis. This, of course, is only possible if experts from all countries subscribe to a joint policy of making their treatment designs available to practising oncologists all over the world. Current Treatment of Cancer discusses all the equipment and methods now in use in cancer therapy. It covers all types of cancer, thus providing the reader with comprehensive infor mation on cancer management. In recent decades there has been a tremendous improve ment in the treatment of cancer, and there is hope for even fur ther success in this fight. We are convinced that this series will help us to make a concerted response to the challenge of can cer. UICC Treatment and Rehabilitation Programme Ismail Elsebai Chairman Preface Part I Members of two institutions, the Brompton Hospital in London and the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen, were invited to write on lung cancer, and after reading the manuscripts it was decided that the contents of three pairs of chapters overlapped sufficiently for them to be combined.

One of the most respected dental surgery books in the world, Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7th Edition helps you develop skills in evaluation, diagnosis, and patient management. This comprehensive text on oral surgery procedures features full-color photographs and drawings that show how to perform basic surgical techniques, including an overview of more advanced surgical procedures and the latest developments in dental implants, instrumentation, and current technology. A detailed patient evaluation section includes guidelines on when to refer patients to specialists and how to provide supportive postoperative care. New to this edition is a chapter focusing on anesthesia in greater depth than any of the previous editions. Written by well-known OMS educators James R. Hupp, and Edward Ellis III, and Myron R. Tucker, this book is a valuable reference for dentistry and dental hygiene students alike! UPDATED! Chapter, Contemporary Implant Dentistry, includes new and updated implant surgical techniques and virtual planning. UPDATED! Chapter, Treatment of Complex Implant Cases, features new and updated cases requiring more complex treatment, including bone augmentation surgery in combination with implants. UPDATED! Coverage of Management of Sinus Disease updated outline of the fundamental principles for evaluation and treatment of the patient with sinus disease, including endoscopic therapy. UPDATED! Coverage of Management of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw outlines the fundamental principles for evaluation and treatment of the patient. UPDATED! Facial Cosmetic Surgery chapter is organized by nonsurgical and surgical procedures, covering popular procedures such as dermal fillers, botox, facial resurfacing, browlift and forehead procedures, blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and rhytidectomy. UPDATED! Content on implants, new instruments, and the latest technology help you treat your patients more effectively. Basic techniques of evaluation, diagnosis, and medical management described in enough detail to facilitate immediate clinical application. Excellent instrumentation chapter covers a wide variety of instruments and tray set-ups that OMS surgeons use. Complex Exodontia chapter describes techniques for surgical tooth extraction, including the principles of flap design, development, management, and suturing, as well as open extraction of single- and multi-rooted teeth, multiple extractions, and concomitant alveoloplasty. Hundreds of detailed, close-up photographs of intraoperative sites clarify textual descriptions Coverage of complex OMS procedures give you a basic understanding of what you will face later in advanced OMS cases. NEW! Chapter, Anesthesia in Dentistry focuses on anesthesia in greater depth than any of the previous editions including local anesthesia and nitrous oxide sedation. NEW! Expert Consult TM eBook version included with purchase allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

Written by experienced physiatrists, prosthetists, and therapists, this book provides an introduction to the field of amputee care and prosthetics. Dedicated chapters guide you through prescription of prostheses for the various levels and types of amputations in both the lower and upper extremity and address recent advances in functionality and safety. Pre- and post-operative care, prosthetic troubleshooting, gait issues and medical management of the residual limb are also addressed. With concise key information highlighted throughout, this handbook is a welcome point of care resource or study tool for trainees and practitioners in any field who work with amputees to restore function and help enrich the lives of these individuals.

"Fundamentals of Amputation Care and Prosthetics" features: Concise, practical manual; covers the basics of upper and lower extremity amputee care and prosthetics Succinct presentation, well-illustrated; information is easy to find Portable; perfect for use on rounds or in the clinic State-of-the-art distillation of current thinking and practice; excellent transitional book for residents or ready reference for experienced practitioners

In der Optoelektronik werden neue Forschungsergebnisse in rasantem Tempo in technische Entwicklungen und Anwendungen umgesetzt. Die seit 1973 alle zwei Jahre veranstaltete KongreAmesse "Laser Opto-Elektronik" ermAglicht einen Aoeberblick A1/4ber den aktuellen Stand. Das Programm von "Laser " "87 Opto-Elektronik" umfaAte - wie seine VorgAnger - wieder ein breites Spektrum der Bereiche Technik und Medizin. In Basis-Seminaren wurden physikalische Grundlagen erlAutert, PlenarvortrAge vermittelten eine Aoebersicht A1/4ber wichtige Fachgebiete, in EinzelvortrAgen wurden neue Ergebnisse mitgeteilt. Der vorliegende Band "Laser/Optoelektronik in der Medizin 1987" enthAlt die VortrAge des 7. Internationalen Kongresses mit medizinischen Themenschwerpunkten.

In recent years, intensive care and emergency medicine have emerged as new medical specialties. Better understanding of acute illness and continuous advances in technology have fostered rapid development of new forms of therapy. This volume provides updates in this rapidly expanding field and includes various topics presented by recognized experts in the field.

Computer applications in medical care have been greatly increasing during the last ten years. Combined with other electronic devices, computers can produce images which represent human organ sections. Such a way to get informations on patient organs widely improves di agnosis and surgery efficiency. But we can go through a new step by generating three dimensional models of these organs and by displaying them. Most of research in this area focuses on the visualization process. But, in order to efficiently exploit the data collected and processed by the computer, we need to create a high-level three-dimensional model of the organ to be displayed. An interactive approach to get such a model is described in this paper as the way to use it for the study of kidney anatomy. I. 20 and 30 data visualization in medical care Classical X-ray radiographs give us a projection of human body inner parts, with an enhancement of high-density elements. But they cannot give us a complete view of organs, such as in cross-sections. Recent imaging techniques solve this problem, usually by computing those sections from a set of projections along different directions. Physicians can then get a full examination of organs by using such equipments as X-ray scanners or those producing Mag netic Resonance, ultrasonic or radionuclide images. The information collected on the organ (density, acoustic property, etc."

Preface to the Second Edition Since publication of the first edition, continuing developments in histopathology have motivated the inclusion of four new chapters: cytology, immunohistology, quality control and assessment, and the autopsy. The increasing use of cytology in clinical practice and advances in techniques and diagnostic interpretation justify the devotion of more space than formerly to this important topic. Immunohistology now merits a separate chapter because it has a status beyond that of being just another "special stain" and there are certain aspects of technique and interpretation that are peculiar to it. Quality control and assessment in histopathology are very topical and important now that greater attention is being paid to cost effectiveness and the auditing of many aspects of clinical practice. The autopsy is an integral part of the professional life of a histopathologist and, though it lacks the immediate clinical impact of the biopsy diagnosis, it nevertheless constitutes an important activity in all hospitals; without detailing dissection techniques I have provided some information and guidance about the autopsy which I believe will be useful to trainees and of interest to others. The remainder of the book has been thoroughly revised and updated, and illustrations and tables added where experience has shown that the text is insufficient. Sheffield, October 1986 J. C. E. Underwood Preface to the First Edition This book is primarily addressed to the needs of the trainee histopathologist.

Operative ultrasound, which permits direct We have divided the material into three placement of the probe on the organ to be principal sections: hepatic surgery, biliary studied during surgery, has been in existence surgery, and the surgery of portal hyperten for over 20 years. Early experiences with its sion. Our experience with operative ultra use in urologic [15] and biliary surgery [7, 8, sound in pancreatic disease is not adequate 9] were limited by technical difficulties but for discussion in this manual, although many the evolution of B-mode, real-time ultra useful applications have been suggested. sound has made possible the broad applica Each chapter includes an anatomical review tion of ultrasound in the operating room. and a presentation of the basic sonographic The goal of operative ultrasound is to signs to clarify the diagnosis and therapy of provide the surgeon with information about a pathologic conditions. Emphasis has been solid organ which is not obvious from its ex placed on the practical applications of opera ternal morphology. What is the nature of the tive ultrasound. lesion? What is its precise localization within With most of the ultrasound images (all the organ? What vascular and anatomical are presented on a black background) two constraints limit its surgical treatment? Mod schematic diagrams are shown: ern ultrasound technology, which produces The first indicates the position of the probe an image faithful to the true anatomy, per on anterior and lateral projections.

The traditional education of the neurosurgeon and duce simultaneous contrast preparations of the ar- the clinician working in related specialties is based teries and veins and thus obtain a complex photo- on their presumed knowledge of the macroscopic graphic representation of the structures of the prep- anatomy of the brain as traditionally taught. Most aration. neurosurgical textbooks, therefore, provide macro- The manuscript and drawings were completed in the scopic views of sections of the operative site. The years 1974-1976 after almost two decades of neu- literature that has accumulated in recent years on rosurgical work. The data worked out in the early the subject of microneurosurgical operations also stages (Chapter 1 in particular) were used by the follows this principle. author as the basis for teaching programmes at the For some years, however, the customary macro- University of Giessen. Chapters 2-7, dealing with scopic representation of the anatomy of the brain the operative technical aspects, were produced after has been inadequate for the needs of the neurosur- mid-1975 and used by the author as the basis for geon using refined modern operative techniques. microneurosurgical teaching of his colleagues at the Furthermore, despite their detailed presentation, University of Freiburg. stereotactic atlases are also insufficient for neuro- My thanks are due to Doz. Dr. E.

Augmented reality (AR) is transforming how we work, learn, play and connect with the world, and is now being introduced to the field of medicine, where it is revolutionising healthcare as pioneering virtual elements are being added to real images to provide a more compelling and intuitive view during procedures. This book, which had its beginnings at the AE-CAI: Augmented Environments for Computer-Assisted Interventions MICCAI Workshop in Munich in 2015, is the first to review the area of mixed and augmented reality in medicine. Covering a range of examples of the use of AR in medicine, it explores its relevance to minimally-invasive interventions, how it can improve the accuracy of a procedure and reduce procedure time, and how it may be employed to reduce radiation risks. It also discusses how AR can be an effective tool in the education of physicians, medical students, nurses and other health professionals. Features: An ideal practical guide for medical professionals and students looking to understand the implementation, applications, and future of AR Contains the latest developments and technologies in this innovative field Edited by highly respected pioneers in the field, who have been immersed in AR as well as virtual reality and image-guided surgery since their inception, with chapter contributions from subject area specialists working with AR

Gain confidence in the surgical management of female and male infertility. Authored by leading experts in operative gynecology and urology, in collaboration with the Society of Reproductive Surgeons, this valuable handbook provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the indications, techniques, and outcomes of modern reproductive surgery. This manual presents clear step-by-step instructions illustrated with intraoperative photographs and surgical videos in order to offer patients surgical options and avoid, or improve, IVF.