Seit nunmehr funf Jahren gibt es in Deutschland ein Transplantationsgesetz, welches die Voraussetzungen fur die Entnahme und Vergabe von Organen regelt. Die Diskussion um den Hirntod, die das Gesetzgebungsverfahren massgeblich bestimmt hat, wird umfassend dargestellt. Die weiteren Vorgaben des Transplantationsgesetzes werden im Einzelnen eroertert, insbesondere die Strafvorschriften in 17 ff. TPG. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt in der Klarung der Frage, ob eine dringend notwendige, fur einen in Lebensgefahr befindlichen Patienten erforderliche Organtransplantation auch ohne Zustimmung des Spenders oder seiner Angehoerigen nach 34 StGB gerechtfertigt sein kann. Das Transplantationsgesetz wird grundsatzlich als eine abschliessende umfassende Regelung verstanden, die einer umfassenden Abwagung im Gesetzgebungsverfahren gefolgt ist und die Wertungen vorgibt, die in der Abwagung der widerstreitenden Interessen oder in der Angemessenheitsprufung im Rahmen des 34 StGB Berucksichtigung finden mussen.

This book provides a complete guide to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and the management of obesity. The chapters discuss guidelines for healthcare providers for the management of patients with obesity, the rationale behind choosing patients, performing the procedure in line with the patient's condition, the perioperative period, postoperative requirements, and postoperative complications. This book aims to give readers an understanding of the surgical techniques involved in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and the wider treatment options available. It is relevant to bariatric, metabolic, and general surgeons, physicians, clinical nutritionists as well as students.

Variability in care in emergency surgery is well known, particularly in abdominal surgery, and reducing it is fundamental to improving outcomes. It is therefore vital to identify the factors that are key to improving mortality and reducing complications in various surgical emergencies. Under the leadership of the World Society of Emergency Surgery, over 200 leading experts in emergency surgery, critical care and surgical infections established a template to help define and optimise emergency surgery, particularly that relating to the abdomen. This book refines this initial work, crystallising it into a meaningful resource for practising surgeons and health care administrators alike, and paving the way for advances in emergency surgery around the globe. This book sets a benchmark for Emergency Surgery and is a must read for those wanting their patients to do better.

Although most clinicians are aware of the problem of antimicrobial resistance, most also underestimate its significance in their own hospital. The incorrect and inappropriate use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, as well as poor prevention and poor control of infections, are contributing to the development of such resistance. Appropriate use of antibiotics and compliance with infection prevention and control measures should be integral aspects of good clinical practice and standards of care. However, these activities are often inadequate among clinicians, and there is a considerable gap between the best evidence and actual clinical practice. In hospitals, cultural determinants influence clinical practice, and improving behaviour in terms of infection prevention and antibiotics-prescribing practice remains a challenge. Despite evidence supporting the effectiveness of best practices, many clinicians fail to implement them, and evidence-based processes and practices that are known to optimize both the prevention and the treatment of infections tend to be underused. Addressing precisely this problem, this volume offers an essential toolkit for all surgeons and intensivists interested in improving their clinical practices.

This book provides detailed information on the prevalence and manifestations of the most important oral complications associated with different drug treatments, focusing especially on recently developed therapies. Among the diverse adverse drug reactions covered are gingival overgrowth, ulcerations, lichenoid reactions, pigmentation, and bullous reactions. The potential direct toxic effects on bone of drugs that prevent bone mass loss, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab, are fully examined, as is the occurrence of spontaneous oral bleeding in patients receiving antithrombotic therapies. Further chapters focus on drug-induced taste disorders and salivary gland disturbances, including xerostomia, swelling, and hypersalivation. The enhanced risk of oral infections when using chemotherapy and biotherapy is addressed, and the closing chapter examines drug-related perioral and facial complications. This book is a collaborative work that brings together clinicians, surgeons, and specialists in drug safety surveillance. It will be of value for all dental and medical practitioners who encounter these complications in their clinical practice.

Written in readable format and rich with clinical cases, this book systematically introduces surgical nursing during robotic surgery. The first part introduces the history of robotic surgery, operating room management, quality control of robotic surgical nursing, management of safety, infection, and anaesthesia. The second part introduces key points of nursing during robotic surgery in urology, general surgery, gynaecology, heart, chest and otorhinolaryngology. It will be a helpful reference for practitioners those in the process of implanting or about to implant robotic surgery.

"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation : An Interdisciplinary Problem-Based Learning Approach" provides an overview of the latest techniques, management strategies and technology surrounding the clinical use of ECMO. This interdisciplinary book reviews the most common scenarios of ECMO in 62 chapters exploring the conditions and problems arising in ECMO practice. Each chapter begins with a stem case, followed by open questions to encourage critical thinking and enable the reader to follow the management strategies of the authors, who are world leaders in the field. Followed by an evidence-based discussion, each chapter concludes with multiple-choice questions for self-assessment. This book is current in its knowledge of organ systems and management and keeps pace with new ECMO technology and surgical techniques coupled with current guidelines for management. Starting with the history of ECMO to technical aspects, circuit biocompatibility and interaction with blood, drugs and flow physics, the volume continues into pediatric and adult sections, focussing on both respiratory and cardiovascular support, followed by a section on trauma. The volume then concludes with a section on neurologic complications and ethics, as well as rehabilitation and ambulation of ECMO patients. In addition, to reflect the current global health situation, this book also includes a chapter on ECMO management in patients suffering with COVID-19, to cover the most urgent and pressing questions around ECMO during the ongoing pandemic. This is the first ECMO book on the market to utilise a problem-based learning approach and as such is an important unprecedented project on ECMO education.

All surgeons want to be better surgeons... They work hard to be respected by their peers, appreciated by their patients, and valued by their communities. Most of the estimated 200 million surgeries performed worldwide every year go as anticipated, with positive patient outcomes. However, the number of surgical complications and preventable medical errors still remains unacceptably high. Why are experienced surgeons still creating so many adverse events? More importantly, what can surgeons do to better address the situation? This book seeks to answer these questions. The book provides pragmatic examples on how good surgeons can grow from being technically brilliant to becoming empathetic and capable of providing safe, compassionate, and more effective patient care. The book follows trauma surgeon Philip Stahel's 20-year journey from his 'rookie years' in internship and residency, to his development as a global patient safety advocate, renowned academician and teacher, and compassionate surgeon. The book touches on why our current patient safety protocols and checklists fail to keep patients safe and how a physician-driven initiative with credible leadership is needed to build a sustainable 'culture of patient safety'. Written for a wide audience and based on the paradigm that "good judgment comes from experience which comes from poor judgment", the book provides in-depth coverage of all the critical and timely components of safe surgical care, relates practical tips for improving the quality of partnerships between surgeons and patients, and offers a practical guide on how to reduce the learning curve to becoming a better surgeon.

This book describes the fusion of CBCT and CAD/CAM technologies for the purpose of surgical dental treatments and explains the advantages and applications of this digital approach for implant placement procedures and other oral surgical protocols. All aspects of computer-aided imaging and design are first covered in the textbook, including the creation of DICOM and STL files; followed by the process of virtual merging to obtain a combined image. Secondly, clinical tips for the use of digital wax up, software interactions and accurate template fabrication are explained, including subtractive and additive methods used for this manufacturing step. The remainder of the book is devoted to the application of technology fusion in implantology, guided bone regeneration, and maxillofacial surgery. Both static and dynamic guided surgeries are described. Materials characteristics and surgical instruments are also presented to define a correct selection criteria. The digital approach outlined in this textbook involves a paradigm shift in the way traditional oral surgery is conceived. Technology fusion aims to improve treatment accuracy, optimize clinical time and reduce patient morbidity. Clinicians will find this book to be a valuable guide for virtual surgical planning and a path to introduce themselves into the exciting world of digital dental surgery.

Intragastric balloons are steadily gaining popularity among the medical treatments available for obesity. Their efficacy and safety are reinforced by growing body of evidence obtained around the globe. Intragastric balloons are now considered one of the safest and most effective medical procedures for weight reduction. Additionally, the reduced potential for side effects and low invasiveness (compared to bariatric surgeries) are important considerations. This book is edited by renowned surgeons and endoscopists from Brazil, a country known for its reputation on the field of bariatric endoscopy and surgery. Such reputation is especially valid where the use of intragastric balloons is concerned. These devices, approved by the FDA only in 2015, have been used in Brazil since the 1990s, attesting to Brazilian expertise in the field. This book describes the various types of intragastric balloons used for the treatment of obesity, an alternative to bariatric surgery and other more invasive methods. It addresses their indications, procedures and outcomes, providing readers an overview of the therapeutic options available worldwide. It is divided into seven main sections: I - Introductory Issues; II - Devices; III - Technical Procedures and Related Issues; IV - Acute Complications and Treatment; V - Chronic Complications and Treatment; VI - Special Populations; and VII - Miscellaneous. This structure helps to promote a better knowledge construction and a reasonable flow of ideas throughout the book, guiding the reader from introductory topics to surgical procedures and complications. The book ultimately intends to offer an essential reference guide for all physicians and surgeons interested in the treatment of obese patients. It is intended for both experienced professionals looking for in-depth information and for trainees and residents seeking to broaden their perspectives concerning the treatment of obesity.

Successful transplantation depends on the minimization of immunological differences between the donor and recipient tissues. These differences are based on polymorphisms of the human major histocompatibility complex and play a key role in determining the acceptance or rejection of allografts during transplantation. This important work describes methods for the investigation of these polymorphisms at the gene and protein levels and their application to the clinical transplantation of human organs and bone marrow. There is currently no other text available covering these up-to-date serological and molecular techniques in this area of immunogenetics, despite their importance to fundamental research, clinical practice and forensic medicine.

The first volume of Spinal Cord Dysfunction addressed the problems of assessment of function with particular reference to plasticity in the central nervous system. The second volume was concerned with early intervention and treatment, including the prevention of secondary pathological events following spinal cord injury. In this volume, restoration of function after spinal cord damage is seen from the point of view of identification of impaired or absent function in nerve cells and processes which survive after the initial insult, intact but with impaired function. The theoretical premise that part of the neurological deficit produced by a lesion is due to altered function in the intact nervous system is examined and the effect of peripheral and central functional stimulation is described in chapters by international authorities in their field. The first part of the book deals with theoretical, experimental and mathematical aspects. The second and third parts are concerned with peripheral and central functional stimulation, and the volume concludes with pharmacological modulation.

This book is intended as a comprehensive reference on the anatomy, pathophysiology, and management of complications in neck dissection. The informative text is complemented by detailed clinical photos, high-quality illustrations, and clinical material from experienced and respected leaders in the field of neck surgery. An understanding of potential complications and early recognition of their signs and symptoms will prepare the surgeon to mitigate risk, minimize morbidity, and improve outcomes for each of their patients. Early recognition of the signs and symptoms of post-operative complications can prevent exacerbating the problem. Complications in Neck Dissection aims to shed light on these complications in greater detail and elaborate on their management. Written by experts in the field, the book reflects upon common and rare complications that are encountered and elaborates on how neck surgeons can prevent them.

This extensive and yet easy-to-read book covers technical aspects of the management of difficult acute cholecystitis. It discusses diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and strategies for avoiding and managing complications based on both evidence-based data and the experiences of the editor and the international contributors. Further, it analyses the latest guidelines to find the best clinical applications. Each chapter describes the current diagnostic and management strategies, focusing on a possible risk stratification by scores proposed in literature. Lastly, the book describes the relevant technical considerations and tips and tricks, explaining them in full. Illustrated throughout and including line graphs depicting fundamental anatomic and technical principles, making it easy-to understand, it is a useful toolkit for all residents, fellows and general surgeons needing a guide to the treatment of difficult acute cholecystits.

Implementing safety practices in healthcare saves lives and improves the quality of care: it is therefore vital to apply good clinical practices, such as the WHO surgical checklist, to adopt the most appropriate measures for the prevention of assistance-related risks, and to identify the potential ones using tools such as reporting & learning systems. The culture of safety in the care environment and of human factors influencing it should be developed from the beginning of medical studies and in the first years of professional practice, in order to have the maximum impact on clinicians' and nurses' behavior. Medical errors tend to vary with the level of proficiency and experience, and this must be taken into account in adverse events prevention. Human factors assume a decisive importance in resilient organizations, and an understanding of risk control and containment is fundamental for all medical and surgical specialties. This open access book offers recommendations and examples of how to improve patient safety by changing practices, introducing organizational and technological innovations, and creating effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care systems, in order to spread the quality and patient safety culture among the new generation of healthcare professionals, and is intended for residents and young professionals in different clinical specialties.

This superbly illustrated atlas serves as a basic introduction to contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), a breakthrough functional breast imaging modality, which is rapidly growing. This book is an essential guide for the latest developments with correlative findings, practical interpretation tips, physics, and information on how contrast mammography differs from conventional 2D and 3D Full Field of View digital mammography (FFDM). It includes: * over 1000 high-quality 2D, 3D and recombined contrast mammography images representing the spectrum of breast imaging * findings obtained in the full range of benign, pre-malignant and malignant conditions, including artefacts and postoperative changes, presented with high-quality illustrations from case examples * image interpretation tips using mammographic and DCE-MRI descriptors of the BI-RADS lexicon to effectively read and interpret this advanced imaging modality * practical tips to interpret this new modality and how it is used as an adjunct to 2D mammography * details on how integration of contrast-enhanced mammography drastically changes lesion work-up and overall workflow in the department * "imaging pearls" boxes offering interpretation tips for expert clinical guidance * a case on the recently introduced CEM guided biopsy procedure The book's target audience consists of diagnostic radiologists, residents, fellows, technologists and clinicians involved in the care of breast cancer patients, including surgeons and oncologists. The goal is to provide a concise introduction to CEM and to lead to enhanced interpretation and better patient staging prior to surgery.

This book is based on the most common office based anesthesia complications that have been identified over the last 10 years. This has allowed the development of a presentation on the prevention, recognition and management of office based anesthesia complications to be delivered over 10 years to thousands of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in an attempt to reduce the incidence of future complications. This text provides detailed methods to allow the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, anesthetist and anesthesiologist to risk stratify patients as well as prevent, recognize and manage the most common anesthesia related complications. Additionally, it describes how to run an ideal Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) driven megacode, identify differences in pediatric anesthesia and ideally manage opioid needs of the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient. Office Based Anesthesia Complications is based on the most common anesthesia related complications that have been documented over more than 20 years of data collection for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

This comprehensive book on Endocrine Surgery covers disorders of thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands along with neuroendocrine tumors of pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. It is a comprehensive, up-to-date treatise covering embryology, anatomy, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment modalities of surgical endocrine diseases. The authors explore the pertinent surgical endocrinology topics with a South Asian perspective. Color illustrations, flowcharts and tables make the topics lucid for professionals. This book provides the essential information surgeons require for evaluation and management of patients, both with straight forward, and complex endocrine problems. Key Features Focusses on concise yet comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of surgical endocrine diseases Discusses Robot Assisted Endocrine Surgery and explores its impact on healthcare finances Highlights the difference between practices used in western and resource limited countries by incorporating a South Asian perspective for region specific diseases.

This book presents up-to-date information on promising indications for ultrasound in contemporary periodontics and implant therapy with the aim of assisting researchers and dental practitioners to use this novel imaging modality to advance research and patient care. Readers will find clear guidance on the application of ultrasound for evaluation of periodontal and peri-implant tissues. The mechanism of ultrasound imaging is explained in detail and compared to other imaging modalities. Furthermore, the role of ultrasound in the planning and execution of implant surgery and the assessment of implant stability is discussed. The book closes by considering the potential dental applications of functional ultrasound and volumetric ultrasound. This book will potentially be of high values for dental surgeons, periodontists, general dentists, orthodontists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental researchers and other practitioners, etc.

The book is the first of its kind to specifically outline the psycho-educational nursing interventions required by the anxious, adult patient undergoing elective, ambulatory surgery. Anxiety management is a considerable issue for the majority of surgical patients and has been recognised as such for many decades. However, no formal nursing intervention currently exists to support patients during this acute phase.

This book is one of the first to provide strong evidence for the way in which patients can be assisted in the management of their anxiety. Moreover, it provides future direction for surgical nursing intervention in this new era of minimal invasive surgery where patients undergoing elective procedures increasingly require less physical nursing intervention and spend very little time within the acute hospital setting.

Mastering Corneal Surgery: Recent Advances and Current Techniques comprehensively covers all the recent advances in the existing techniques for common and rare corneal conditions, as well as presents the potential intraoperative circumstances the surgeon can face with their patients. Mastering Corneal Surgery: Recent Advances and Current Techniques by Dr. Amar Agarwal and Dr. Thomas John, along with more than 50 contributors, cover the most recent innovations in corneal surgery, including corneal procedures in combination with IOL implantation in eyes with deficient capsules, and combining endothelial keratoplasty with IOL repositioning. Bonus! Extensive high-quality video demonstrations of the techniques discussed inside Mastering Corneal Surgery: Recent Advances and Current Techniques enhances the written text, creating a superior resource. The 28 videos, combined with the written text, clinical photographs and pictures, furthers the learning process more than learning from text or video alone. Mastering Corneal Surgery: Recent Advances and Current Techniques covers all the recent advances in the existing techniques for common and rare corneal conditions and presents the potential intraoperative circumstances the surgeon can encounter with their patients. The general ophthalmologist and cornea specialist will welcome the novel surgical methods and their differences from the existing techniques highlighted inside this cutting-edge resource.

This handbook provides a short, contemporary text on the management of dentofacial deformities. The importance of a well organised, inter-disciplinary approach is emphasised throughout and the following key areas are presented: * A detailed account of the role of the psychologist, from initial assessment through to post-operative support. * A systematic approach to dentofacial assessment, including a section on diagnostic records and an overview of cephalometry. * A logical step-by-step approach to treatment planning, emphasising the interactive thought process required when setting orthodontic and surgical objectives. * The fundamentals of surgical orthodontics, with the scope and limitations of orthodontic appliances clearly explained for each phase of treatment. * A description of orthognathic technical procedures and how potential errors can be minimised in order to improve the accuracy of model surgery. * An account of how to carry out photo-cephalometric profile prediction planning, including a critique of the method. * A detailed description of the full range of mandibular and maxillary orthognathic surgical procedures, including indications and complications. * A chapter on higher-level osteotomies for the treatment of more severe craniofacial abnormalities is included for completeness. * A series of six contrasting case studies. There is an emphasis on the technological advances that are rapidly enabling the global paradigm shift from 2D to 3D planning.