Science -- and the technology derived from it -- is having a dramatic impact on the quality of our personal lives and the environment around us. Science will have an even greater impact on the lives of our students. The lives of scientifically literate students will be enriched by their understanding, appreciation, and enjoyment of the natural world. To prosper in the near future, all students must become scientifically literate and embrace the notion of life-long learning in science. Without scientific literacy, it will become impossible for students to make informed decisions about the interrelated educational, scientific, and social issues that will confront them in the future.
Intended for science teachers, teacher educators, researchers, and administrators, this volume is concerned with the innovative research that is reforming how science is learned in schools. The chapters provide overviews of current research and illustrate how the findings of this research are being applied in schools. This research-based knowledge is essential for effective science instruction. The contributors are leading authorities in science education and their chapters draw clear connections among research, theory, and classroom practice. They provide excellent examples from science classes in which their research has reformed practice.
This book will help educators develop the scientific literacy of students. It bridges the gap between cutting-edge research and classroom practice to provide educators with the knowledge they need to foster students' scientific literacy.

This book is packed with practical ideas and advice on the art of teaching science. The use of exposition, demostrations, practical work, investigations, circuses, independent learning, simulations and discussion are explored in detail through a wide variety of richly illustrated examples, alongside the reasons teachers have for choosing one strategy rather than another. The examples are taken from recent classrooms, made more vivid by a large collection of photographs and pen sketches. The book is written primarily for beginning science teachers, but there is much to commend it to an experienced teacher. It will, of course, be important reading for teachers in schools who accept the responsibility of mentoring beginning science teachers. The authors are university tutors at the London Insitute of Education and have responsibility for the training of science teachers.

From the contributors to The Conversation, this collection of essays by leading experts in biotechnology provides foundational knowledge on a range of topics, from CRISPR gene sequencing to the ethics of GMOs and "designer babies." In The Conversation on Biotechnology, editor Marc Zimmer collects essays from The Conversation U.S. by top scholars and experts in the field, who present a primer on the latest biotechnology research, the overwhelming possibilities it offers, and the risks of its abuse. From an overview of CRISPR technology and gene editing in GMOs to the ethical questions surrounding "designer babies" and other applications of biotechnology in humans, it highlights the major implications biotechnology will bring for health and society. Topics range from the spectacular use of light to fire individual neurons in the brain to making plant-based meats; from curbing diseases with genetically modified mosquitoes to looking back on 40 years of opinions on IVF babies. The Critical Conversations series collects essays from top scholars on timely topics, including water, biotechnology, gender diversity, gun culture, and more, originally published on the independent news site The Conversation U.S. Contributors: Nathan Ahlgren, Ivan Anishchenko, Trine Antonsen, Jennifer Barfield, Pedro Belda-Ferre, Ari Berkowitz, Adeline Boettcher, Jason Delbourne, Kevin Doxzen, Mo Ebrahimkhani, Eleanor Feingold, J. Benjamin Hurlbut, Cecile Janssens, Samira Kiani, Amanda Kowalczyk, Mariana Lamas, Andrew Lapworth, Rebecca Mackelprang, Kathleen Merrigan, Saman Naghieh, Sean Nee, Dimitri Perrin, Christopher Preston, Jason Rasgon, Penny Riggs, Jason Robert, Oliver Rogoyski, Gary Samore, Sahotra Sarkar, George E. Seidel, Patricia A. Stapleton, Craig W. Stevens, Paul B. Thompson, Christopher Tuggle, Vikramaditya G. Yadav, Marc Zimmer

This book is for everyone interested in systems and the modern practice of engineering. The revolution in engineering and systems that has occurred over the past decade has led to an expansive advancement of systems engineering tools and languages. A new age of information-intensive complex systems has arrived with new challenges in a global business market. Science and information technology must now converge into a cohesive multidisciplinary approach to the engineering of systems if products and services are to be useful and competitive. For the non-specialist and even for practicing engineers, the subject of systems engineering remains cloaked in jargon and a sense of mystery. This need not be the case for any reader of this book and for students no matter what their background is. The concepts of architecture and systems engineering put forth are simple and intuitive. Readers and students of engineering will be guided to an understanding of the fundamental principles of architecture and systems and how to put them into engineering practice. This book offers a practical perspective that is reflected in case studies of real-world systems that are motivated by tutorial examples. The book embodies a decade of research and very successful academic instruction to postgraduate students that include practicing engineers. The material has been continuously improved and evolved from its basis in defence and aerospace towards the engineering of commercial systems with an emphasis on speed and efficiency. Most recently, the concepts, processes, and methods in this book have been applied to the commercialisation of wireless charging for electric vehicles. As a postgraduate or professional development course of study, this book will lead you into the modern practice of engineering in the twenty-first century. Much more than a textbook, though, Essential Architecture and Principles of Systems Engineering challenges readers and students alike to think about the world differently while providing them a useful reference book with practical insights for exploiting the power of architecture and systems.

A group of science educators with experience of being involoved in curriculum development, and in conducting extensive research on many aspects of teaching and learning science, have combined their findings in this volume. Each author has conducted research into his or her own area of science education and presents the implications of this research for a specific area of science teaching. The experiences of members of the Monash Children's Science Group; specifically three primary teachers and one biology teacher, have also been included so as to present the voices of teachers for whom writing a personal account of their teaching is often an unappealing task.

Principles, methods, and calculations for evaluating, designing and operating anaerobic systems

This book describes how to architect and design Internet of Things (loT) solutions that provide end-to-end security and privacy at scale. It is unique in its detailed coverage of threat analysis, protocol analysis, secure design principles, intelligent loT's impact on privacy, and the effect of usability on security. The book also unveils the impact of digital currency and the dark web on the loT-security economy. It's both informative and entertaining. "Filled with practical and relevant examples based on years of experience ... with lively discussions and storytelling related to loT security design flaws and architectural issues."- Dr. James F. Ransome, Senior Director of Security Development Lifecycle (SOL) Engineering, Intel 'There is an absolute treasure trove of information within this book that will benefit anyone, not just the engineering community. This book has earned a permanent spot on my office bookshelf."- Erv Comer, Fellow of Engineering, Office of Chief Architect Zebra Technologies 'The importance of this work goes well beyond the engineer and architect. The IoT Architect's Guide to Attainable Security & Privacy is a crucial resource for every executive who delivers connected products to the market or uses connected products to run their business."- Kurt Lee, VP Sales and Strategic Alliances at PWNIE Express "If we collectively fail to follow the advice described here regarding loT security and Privacy, we will continue to add to our mounting pile of exploitable computing devices. The attackers are having a field day. Read this book, now."- Brook S.E. Schoenfield, Director of Advisory Services at IOActive, previously Master Security Architect at McAfee, and author of Securing Systems

To those interested in a life in science, Sir Peter Medawar, Nobel laureate, deflates the myths of invincibility, superiority, and genius instead, he demonstrates it is common sense and an inquiring mind that are essential to the scientist's calling. He deflates the myths surrounding scientists,invincibility, superiority, and genius instead, he argues that it is common sense and an inquiring mind that are essential to the makeup of a scientist. He delivers many wry observations on how to choose a research topic, how to get along wih collabourators and older scientists and administrators, how (and how not) to present a scientific paper, and how to cope with culturally "superior" specialists in the arts and humanities.

This timely book addresses the increasing need for collaboration, innovation and solution-focussed skills by looking at examples of cutting-edge pedagogy that can inform future directions. Integrating STEM in Higher Education shows how applying digital innovations that can be generated through the implementation of deliberately designed STEM education can change the world for the better. References to over 45 higher education institutions from around the world are included, where integrated approaches are already occurring. A wide range of teaching strategies and assessment methods are discussed, promoting a transformative method in which students can generate new knowledge within coursework and simultaneously develop skills and attributes for their future careers, lives and the world's needs. This book is essential reading for STEM educators, administrators and academic leaders, as well as learning designers in higher education.

Software is one of the most important products in human history and is widely used by all industries and all countries. It is also one of the most expensive and labor-intensive products in human history. Software also has very poor quality that has caused many major disasters and wasted many millions of dollars. Software is also the target of frequent and increasingly serious cyber-attacks. Among the reasons for these software problems is a chronic lack of reliable quantified data. This reference provides quantified data from many countries and many industries based on about 26,000 projects developed using a variety of methodologies and team experience levels. The data has been gathered between 1970 and 2017, so interesting historical trends are available. Since current average software productivity and quality results are suboptimal, this book focuses on "best in class" results and shows not only quantified quality and productivity data from best-in-class organizations, but also the technology stacks used to achieve best-in-class results. The overall goal of this book is to encourage the adoption of best-in-class software metrics and best-in-class technology stacks. It does so by providing current data on average software schedules, effort, costs, and quality for several industries and countries. Because productivity and quality vary by technology and size, the book presents quantitative results for applications between 100 function points and 100,000 function points. It shows quality results using defect potential and DRE metrics because the number one cost driver for software is finding and fixing bugs. The book presents data on cost of quality for software projects and discusses technical debt, but that metric is not standardized. Finally, the book includes some data on three years of software maintenance and enhancements as well as some data on total cost of ownership.

This new volume aims to be the single book that discusses in a comprehensive and elaborate way the photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms in plants under hostile situations and the proper mitigating strategies to continue uninterrupted photosynthesis and respiration under such situations. Since photosynthesis and respiration are the two main physiological processes for sugar biosynthesis and mobilization for driving all other vital functions, this volume delivers a wealth of sound knowledge in the related disciplines for the scientists, researchers, and academicians. With chapters from renowned scientists, researchers, and global leaders in this field, this volume focuses on the effect of environmental stressors on photosynthetic pigments, photosystems, activities of photosynthetic enzymes and protein complexes, PSII photochemistry, carbon fixation pathways, photosynthetic efficiency, glycolytic and Krebs cycle pathways, and ATP production and electron transport chain of plants. The recovery of photosynthesis and respiration through application of phytohormones, signaling molecules, and other protective agents is also emphasized. Genetic engineering to enhance photosynthetic efficiency has also been highlighted. This valuable book, Photosynthesis and Respiratory Cycles during Environmental Stress Response in Plants, will not only enable us to understand the nature of extensive damages brought to the photosynthetic and respiratory processes but will also provide a blueprint for devising proper mitigation strategies to sustain these two vital processes under challenging environmental conditions.

When her twenty-five-year marriage unexpectedly falls apart, journalist Florence Williams expects the loss to hurt. What she doesn't expect is that she'll end up in the hospital, examining close-up the way our cells listen to loneliness. She travels to the frontiers of the science of "social pain" to learn why heartbreak hurts so much and why so much of the conventional wisdom about it is wrong. Searching for insight as well as personal strategies to game her way back to health, Williams tests her blood for genetic markers of grief, undergoes electrical shocks in a laboratory while looking at pictures of her ex and ventures to the wilderness in search of awe as an antidote to loneliness. For readers of Wild and Lab Girl, Heartbreak is a remarkable merging of science and self-discovery that will change the way we think about loneliness, health and what it means to fall in and out of love.

In Tibet, geologist David R. Montgomery heard a local story about a great flood that bore a striking similarity to Noah s Flood. Intrigued, Montgomery began investigating the world s flood stories and drawing from historic works by theologians, natural philosophers, and scientists discovered the counterintuitive role Noah s Flood played in the development of both geology and creationism. Steno, the grandfather of geology, even invoked the Flood in laying geology s founding principles based on his observations of northern Italian landscapes. Centuries later, the founders of modern creationism based their irrational view of a global flood on a perceptive critique of geology. With an explorer s eye and a refreshing approach to both faith and science, Montgomery takes readers on a journey across landscapes and cultures. In the process we discover the illusive nature of truth, whether viewed through the lens of science or religion, and how it changed through history and continues changing, even today."

Adopting an international perspective, this book draws on current research from the United States, Australia and Europe to examine women's participation, advancement and leadership in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The book explores the nature of STEM careers across industry and academia, and presents the latest thinking on successful individual, organizational and educational initiatives related to women in STEM. Along with a select group of international contributors, Diana Bilimoria and Linley Lord provide a fresh perspective, based on success stories and successful initiatives, augmenting contemporary perspectives on the barriers and issues that women in STEM careers continue to face. Women in STEM Careers is a positive and insightful outlook on gender relations, which will be an invaluable resource for scholars, practitioners and policy-makers in organizations, human resources, academia, and government, as well as for women aspiring to or presently working in STEM fields. Contributors: M. Ayre, D. Bilimoria, I.L. Bleijenbergh, D. Bonner, K. Buse, E.L. Cadwalader, W.H. Chang, C. Figueiredo, M. Fitzpatrick, N.A. Fouad, J. Gill, J.M. Herbers, C. Herschberg, C. Holgersson, P. Hoeoek, X. Liang, L. Lord, S. Male, M. Marinelli, J. Mills, M. Nowak, A.B. Popejoy, R. Singh, L. Stobbe, M. van den Brink, M.L. van Engen, C.J. Vinkenburg, A. Wahl

Knowing how to prepare, write and publish high-quality research papers can be challenging for scientists at all stages of their career. This manual guides readers through successfully framing and presenting research findings, as well as the processes involved in publishing in learned journals. It draws on the author's wealth of practical experience, from working in academic research for over 40 years and teaching scientific writing in over 20 countries, to gaining insights as a journal editor. Well-written and logical, it provides clear step-by-step instructions to enable readers to become more effective at writing articles, and navigating difficulties related to journal submission, the review process, editing and publication. It comprehensively covers themes such as publication ethics, along with current topics including Open Access publishing and pre-print servers. This is a useful, user-friendly guide for graduate students, early career scientists, and more experienced researchers, particularly in the life and medical sciences.

In this classic, David Bohm was the first to offer us his causal interpretation of the quantum theory. Causality and Chance in Modern Physics continues to make possible further insight into the meaning of the quantum theory and to suggest ways of extending the theory into new directions.

Communicating science and technology is a high priority of many research and policy institutions, a concern of many other private and public bodies, and an established subject of training and education. In the past few decades, the field has developed and expanded significantly, both in terms of professional practice, and in terms of research and reflection. At the same time, particularly in recent years, interactions between science and society have become a topic of heated public and political debates, touching issues like quality and credibility of information, trust in science and scientific actors and institutions and the roles of experts in crises and emergencies. This book provides a state-of-the-art review of this fast-growing and increasingly important area, through an examination of research done on the main actors, issues and arenas involved. The third edition of the Handbook brings the reviews up-to-date and deepens the analysis. As well as substantial re-working of many chapters, it includes four new chapters addressing enduring themes (science publics, science-media theories), recent trends (art-science interactions) and new proposed insights on science communication as culture and as 'the social conversation around science'. New contributors are added to the group of leading scholars in the field featured in the previous editions. The Handbook is a student-friendly resource, but its scope and expert contributions will equally appeal to practitioners and professionals in science communication. Combining the perspectives of different disciplines and of different geographical and cultural contexts, this original text provides an interdisciplinary as well as a global approach to public communication of science and technology. It is a valuable resource, notably an indispensable guide to the published work in the field, for students, researchers, educators and professionals in science communication, media and journalism studies, sociology, history of science, and science and technology studies.

Metamaterials offer the possibility to control and manipulate electromagnetic radiation. Spoof surface plasmon metamaterials are the focus of this Element of the Metamaterials Series. The fundamentals of spoof surface plasmons are reviewed, and advances on plasmonic metamaterials based on spoof plasmons are presented. Spoof surface plasmon metamaterials on a wide range of geometries are discussed: from planar platforms to waveguides and localized modes, including cylindrical structures, grooves, wedges, dominos or conformal surface plasmons in ultrathin platforms. The Element closes with a review of recent advances and applications such as Terahertz sensing or integrated devices and circuits.

Embodied Approaches to Supervision presents innovative approaches to working with the body in supervision. The authors, who are all experts in their field, bring a wealth of experience and knowledge to each chapter, raising the reader's awareness of the value of working with the body in the supervisory relationship. With the help of case vignettes, the book offers reflections on the intimate and dynamic interaction between mind and body and how to work with this in supervision. It presents diverse approaches to practice, where the body is at the centre of facilitating reflection and containment of supervisees, either in one-to-one or group contexts, in person and online. Readers gain insight about how embodiment is attended to within as well as outside of the session in the context of self-supervision. This text will be of value to supervisors and supervisors-in-training, practitioners seeking supervision and anyone keen to learn more about embodied approaches in supervision.

This is the first rigorous, self-contained treatment of the theory of deep learning. Starting with the foundations of the theory and building it up, this is essential reading for any scientists, instructors, and students interested in artificial intelligence and deep learning. It provides guidance on how to think about scientific questions, and leads readers through the history of the field and its fundamental connections to neuroscience. The author discusses many applications to beautiful problems in the natural sciences, in physics, chemistry, and biomedicine. Examples include the search for exotic particles and dark matter in experimental physics, the prediction of molecular properties and reaction outcomes in chemistry, and the prediction of protein structures and the diagnostic analysis of biomedical images in the natural sciences. The text is accompanied by a full set of exercises at different difficulty levels and encourages out-of-the-box thinking.

This new book presents a selection of advanced topics on carbon nanotubes-their extraordinary properties, structure, design, fabrication, development, engineering, functionalization, carbon nanotube enabled nanocomposites, characterization, and, moreover, their utility in many applications. The volume highlights the amazing potential of advanced CNT composites in automotive, aeronautics, spacecrafts, transistors replacing Si electronics, energy, purification, hydrogen storage, tissue regeneration, electrochemical supercapacitor, sensing, biomedical applications, agriculture, energy, and technical applications. The book specifically discusses the applications of carbon nanotubes for a greener environment, as well as applications for biomedical uses, in drug delivery, and in display technology. It also explores the used of CNTs in the energy and aerospace industries, such as for solar energy conversion, as a lubricant additive for enhancing energy efficiency, and more. Other chapters explore the potential of carbon nanotubes in hydrogen storage and carbon nanotube electronics. Carbon Nanotubes: Functionalization and Potential Applications offers an informative review of research advancements on the many application aspects of carbon nanotubes and will be a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, faculty and students, and industry professionals.

This new volume, Deep Learning in Visual Computing and Signal Processing, covers the fundamentals and advanced topics in designing and deploying techniques using deep architectures and their application in visual computing and signal processing. The volume first lays out the fundamentals of deep learning as well as deep learning architectures and frameworks. It goes on to discuss deep learning in neural networks and deep learning for object recognition and detection models. It looks at the various specific applications of deep learning in visual and signal processing, such as in biorobotics, for automated brain tumor segmentation in MRI images, in neural networks for use in seizure classification, for digital forensic investigation based on deep learning, and more. Key features: Covers both the fundamentals and the latest concepts in deep learning Presents some of the diverse applications of deep learning in visual computing and signal processing Includes over 90 figures and tables to elucidate the text An enlightening amalgamation of deep learning concepts with visual computing and signal processing applications, this valuable resource will serve as a guide for researchers, engineers, and students who want to have a quick start on learning and/or building deep learning systems. It provides a good theoretical and practical understanding and complete information and knowledge required to understand and build deep learning models from scratch.

Here is a comprehensive summary of new research and advancements in the unique functional and nutraceutical therapeutic and physiochemical aspects of dairy foods. The book explores the specific health benefits of dairy ingredients in nutraceuticals and functional foods as well as delves into production techniques that enhancement their therapeutic value. The first section of the book looks at the physicochemical and technological aspects of milk-derived components, discussing production, extraction and purification, and functional and technological applications of various functional dairy ingredients (such as lactulose, casein and whey protein-derived bioactive peptides). The volume also considers the therapeutic aspects of dairy ingredients, detailing the physiological and health effects of colostrum, oligosaccharides, conjugated linoleic acid, and lactoferrin. The third section focuses on enhancing the functionality of dairy foods by assessing the functional attributes that can be augmented by the addition of nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, and minerals or by the removal of cholesterol. Functional Dairy Ingredients and Nutraceuticals: Physicochemical, Technological, and Therapeutic Aspects provides an abundance of important research on the use of dairy ingredients in functional foods and nutraceuticals that will be valued by researchers, scientists, students, growers, traders, processors, industries, and others involved with the physicochemical, technological and therapeutic aspects of various nutraceuticals and functional dairy ingredients and their application in food and dairy industry.

A short but engaging look at how to cultivate a sense of calm in our busy world. In Calm, sound and media researcher Iben Have explores how to cultivate a feeling of calm using digital technologies, sound, routines, and mindfulness training, and our own bodies and minds. Professor Have delves into the science behind human perception and sensory experience to discover that our perceptual experiences are not based on culture alone, but are rooted in a deeper, shared human phenomenon. While creativity generally requires calm, our need for peace and quiet varies greatly. Some people need lots of stimulus, whereas others feel most alert in tranquil environments. By determining the right stimulation zone, Professor Have outlines how we can perform and feel our best, existing mindfully and in the present. In Reflections, a series copublished with Denmark's Aarhus University Press, scholars deliver 60-page reflections on key concepts. These books present unique insights on a wide range of topics that entertain and enlighten readers with exciting discoveries and new perspectives.

This book shows how science works, fails to work, or pretends to work, by looking at examples from such diverse fields as physics, biomedicine, psychology, and economics. Social science affects our lives every day through the predictions of experts and the rules and regulations they devise. Sciences like economics, sociology and health are subject to more 'operating limitations' than classical fields like physics or chemistry or biology. Yet, their methods and results must also be judged according to the same scientific standards. Every literate citizen should understand these standards and be able to tell the difference between good science and bad. Scientific Method enables readers to develop a critical, informed view of scientific practice by discussing concrete examples of how real scientists have approached the problems of their fields. It is ideal for students and professionals trying to make sense of the role of science in society, and of the meaning, value, and limitations of scientific methodology in the social sciences.