Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry is a new periodical providing timely and critical reviews of important topics in computational chemistry as applied to all chemical disciplines. Topics covered include quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics, force fields, chemical education, and applications in academic and industrial settings. Each volume is organized into (thematic) sections with contributions written by experts. Focusing on the most recent literature and advances in the field, each article covers a specific topic of importance to computational chemists. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry is a 'must' for researchers and students wishing to stay up-to-date on current developments in computational chemistry.
* Broad coverage of computational chemistry and up-to-date information
* The topics covered include quantum chemistry, molecular mechanics, force fields, chemical education, and applications in academic and industrial settings
* Each chapter reviews the most recent literature on a specific topic of interest to computational chemists

Investigation of the structure and function of biological molecules through spectroscopic methods is a field rich in revealing, clever techniques and demanding experiments. It is most gratifying to see that the basic concepts are applied to more and more complex systems, making feasible the study of the behaviour of whole systems in relation to molecular disturbances. The analytical potential of spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging enables species identification of bacteria and tissue recognition. Clear opportunities for in vivo applications become apparent in the medical field. The methods developed in biophysics start to generate spin-off in the direction of biotechnology, where in previous years we have seen this happen for biochemical techniques. New directions are manifest. Tools are being developed to investigate the behaviour of single molecules in interaction with their environment. Individual interactions can now be investigated and individual molecules in complexes can be visualized. Processes that were previously unobservable as a result of ensemble averaging can now be investigated on a single molecule level. Completely new information with regard to molecular behaviour is obtained in this way. The insights amaze us and the prospect that this development will continue is exciting. The 8th European Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules is proud to have contributed to the dissemination of these new directions. This proceedings book is an appropriate reflection of the progress obtained so far in the spectroscopy of biological molecules.

This book explains to the general reader the roles of chemistry in various areas of life ranging from the entirely personal to the worryingly global. These roles are currently not widely appreciated and certainly not well understood. The book is aimed at educated laypeople who want to know more about the world around them but have little chemical knowledge. The themes relate to the importance of chemistry in everyday life, the benefits they currently bring, and how their use can continue on a sustainable basis. Topics include: Health - conquering the diseases and stresses which still threaten us. Food - the role of agrochemicals and food chemists. Water - drinking water; the seas as a resource of raw materials. Fuels - what are they and from what are they made? Plastics - what are the used for and can they be sustainable? Cities - what role has chemistry in modern life? Sport - chemistry has changed the game. The world stands at a crossroads. What route to the future should we take? The road to a sustainable city beckons, but what effect will this have on chemistry, which appears so dependent on fossil resources? Its products are part of everyday living, and without them we could regress to the world of earlier generations when lives were blighted by disease, famines, dirt, and pain. In fact the industries based on chemistry the chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries could be sustainable and not only benefit those in the developed world but could be shared by everyone on this planet and for generations to come. This book shows how it might be achieved.

The object ofthis text is to examine, and elaborate on the meaning of the established premise that 'taste is a chemical sense.' In particular, the major effort is directed toward the degree to which chemical principles apply to phenomena associated with the inductive (recognition) phase of taste. A second objective is to describe the structure and properties of compounds with varying taste that allow decisions to be made with respect to the probable nature of the recognition chemistry for the different tastes, and the probable nature of the receptor(s) for those tastes. A final objective is to include appropriate interdisciplinary observations that have application to solving problems related to the chemical nature of taste. Taste is the most easily accessible chemical structure-biological activity relationship, and taste chemistry studies, i.e. the chemistry of sweetness, saltiness, sourness, and bitterness, have application to general biology, physiology, and pharmacology. Because it involves sensory perception, taste is also of interest to psychologists, and has application to the food and agricultural industries. The largest portion of the text is directed toward sweetness as, due to economic and other factors, the majority of the scientific studies are concerned with sweetness. The text begins with a prologue to describe the problems associated with the study of taste chemistry. Then, there is an introductory chapter to serve as an overview of the general interdisciplinary knowledge of the subject. It is followed by a chapter on the fundamental chemical principles that apply to taste induction chemistry.

You'll find everything you need for both years of A-Level AQA Chemistry in this new and improved CGP Complete Revision & Practice Guide! It has straightforward study notes, helpful examples and full-colour diagrams. We've included more challenging exam practice than ever before with plenty of practice questions and exam-style questions (with detailed answers) for every topic - plus a section of mixed (synoptic) practice testing different parts of the course. To round things off there are sections of in-depth advice on Practical Skills and how to pick up top marks in the exams. There's even a free Online Edition of the whole book - just use the code printed inside the book to access it on your PC, Mac or tablet. For even more practice don't miss CGP's A-Level Chemistry Exam Practice Workbook (9781782949138).

Observational, experimental and analytical data show that C60, larger fullerenes, and related structures of elemental carbon exist in interstellar space, meteorites, and on Earth and are associated with meteorite in impact events and in carbon-rich environments such as coals (shungite) and bitumen. The existence of natural fullerenes is at best contested and incompletely documented; realistically it is still controversial. Their presence in astronomical environments can be experimentally constrained but observationally they remain elusive. Fullerenes formation in planetary environments is poorly understood. They survived for giga-years when the environmental conditions were exactly right but even then only a fraction of their original abundance survived. Natural fullerenes and related carbon structures are found in interstellar space, in carbonaceous meteorites associated with giant meteorite impacts (including at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary) as well as in soot, coal and natural bitumen.
This book provides an up-to-date summary of the state of knowledge on natural fullerenes occurrences and the laboratory techniques used to determine their presence at low concentration in rock samples. It demonstrates that natural fullerenes exist and should be searched for in places not yet considered such as carbon-containing deep-seated crustal rocks.
"Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon" is written for professional astronomers, meteoriticists, earth and planetary scientists, biologists and chemists interested in carbon and hydrocarbon vapor condensation. It is an invaluable resource for practicing research scientists and science teachers in Earth and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Carbon Science.

III . 2 Preparation of synthetic membranes 72 III . 3 Phase inversion membranes 75 III. 3. 1 Preparation by evaporation 76 III . 3. 2 Precipitation. from the vapour phase 76 III . 3. 3 Precipitation by controlled evaporation 76 Thermal precipitation 76 III . 3. 4 III . 3. 5 Immersion precipitation 77 Preparation techniques for immersion precipitation 77 III . 4 Flat membranes 77 III . 4. 1 78 III . 4. 2 Tubular membranes 81 III . 5 Preparation techniques for composite membranes 82 III. 5. 1 Interfacial polymerisation Dip-coating 83 III . 5. 2 III . 5. 3 Plasma polymerisation 86 III . 5. 4 Modification of homogeneous dense membranes 87 III . 6 Phase separation in polymer systems 89 III . 6. 1 Introduction 89 III . 6. 1. 1 Thermodynamics 89 III . 6. 2 Demixing processes 99 III . 6. 2. 1 Binary mixtures 99 III . 6. 2. 2 Ternary systems 102 III . 6. 3 Crystallisation 104 III . 6. 4 Gelation 106 III . 6. 5 Vitrification 108 III . 6. 6 Thermal precipitation 109 III . 6. 7 Immersion precipitation 110 III . 6. 8 Diffusional aspects 114 III . 6. 9 Mechanism of membrane formation 117 III. 7 Influence of various parameters on membrane morphology 123 III. 7. 1 Choice of solvent-nonsolvent system 123 III . 7. 2 Choice of the polymer 129 III . 7. 3 Polymer concentration 130 III . 7. 4 Composition of the coagulation bath 132 III . 7. 5 Composition of the casting solution 133 III . 7.

1 2 Prof. Dr. Vladimir Mikhailovitsh Kolodkin, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Ruck 1 Institute of Natural and Technogenic Disasters, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk (Russia), 2 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Chemistry, University Luneburg (Germany) During the Cold War a whole arsenal of deadly chemical weapons was allowed to build up on both sides of the ideological divide. Happily, today the problems are reversed. Expertise is now required in the field of safe and environment-friendly disposal of chemical weapons and cleaning up of contaminated sites all around the world, but not least in the ex-Soviet-led countries. The participants and speakers to the NATO-Russia advanced research workshop on the "Ecological Risks Associated with the Destruction of nd th Chemical Weapons," hosted by the University of Luneburg on 22 - 26 October, 2003, therefore, came from many different parts of the world. Of the eight countries represented at the workshop, two were ex-Eastern- Block, and six were Western countries. Yet the West was by no means overrepresented. On the contrary, the Russian expert-speaker contingent, with 33 participants, did justice to the size of their country - and to their chemical-weapons problem - and provided the majority of active participants. In all, there were 57 participants, of which 11 dispatched from the TACIS project "The development of the chemical weapons" facility at the detached plant No 4 of OAO Khimprom, Novocheboksarsk."

Agrochemical products and adjuvants are of vital importance in agriculture, to protect food and fibre crops from weeds, insect pests and diseases, in order to feed and clothe the growing world population. In recent years there have been increasing pressures to produce agrochemical formulations which have a lower environmental impact and are safer in use. Enormous changes have taken place in the chemistry and technology of agrochemicals over the last twenty years or so and this book provides a timely review of the most important area of technology in the development of new products. This book covers issues around international product quality and safety standards and describes the current and likely future trends which will carry the industry forward into the next millennium. It brings together well known international experts with many years of practical experience from agrochemical companies, consultancies, academic institutions and regulatory bodies. Chemists and technologists involved in developing new or improved agrochemical formulations will find this book an essential reference in the course of their work. The book will also be of interest to those working in research and development departments of raw material suppliers, as a concise review of this important field.

It was the objective of the ASI on "Advances in High Pressure Studies of Chemical and Biochemical Systems" to present the current status of such studies and to emphasize the advances achieved during the nine years since the previous ASI on "High Pressure Chemistry." These advances are partly due to the improved instrumentation enabling static and dynamic measurements at pressures several orders of magnitude higher than before, and partly due to the more general availability of high pressure equipment. This has led to a remarkable development in various areas of physics and chemistry, and especially in biochemistry. Throughout the presentation of this Advanced Study Institute the emphasis fell on the teaching character of such a summer school, and the contributions in this volume are of such a nature. Following a general introduction to modern high pressure research, a series of chapters on theoretical and experimental studies of gases, fluids and solids at high temperatures and pressures are presented with special emphasis on the physical aspects involved. Instrumentation used in such studies, viz. shock compression, NMR spectroscopy, laser scattering, x-ray and neutron scattering, and vibrational spectroscopy are treated in detail. The subsequent chapters are devoted to the application of high pressure techniques in the broad areas of organic, inorganic and biochemistry_ The formal lectures were supplemented by 29 contributed papers, for which a list of titles is included.

For courses intwo-semester general chemistry. Accurate, data-driven authorship with expanded interactivityleads to greater student engagement Unrivaled problemsets, notable scientific accuracy and currency, and remarkable clarity havemade Chemistry: The Central Science the leading generalchemistry text for more than a decade. Trusted, innovative, and calibrated, thetext increases conceptual understanding and leads to greater student success ingeneral chemistry by building on the expertise of the dynamic author team ofleading researchers and award-winning teachers. MasteringTMChemistry is not included. Students, if Mastering isa recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor forthe correct ISBN and course ID. Mastering should only be purchased whenrequired by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson rep for moreinformation. Mastering is an online homework,tutorial, and assessment product designed to personalize learning and improveresults. With a wide range of interactive, engaging, and assignable activities,students are encouraged to actively learn and retain tough course concepts.

With addiction a key target for drug discovery efforts, this book fills an important and timely need for medicinal chemists who need to understand complex neuroscience issues. The author illustrates medicinal chemistry's prominent role in treating addiction and covers specific drugs of abuse including narcotics, stimulants, depressants, nicotine, and marijuana.

- Interprets complex neuro- biological and pharmacological information, like the drug-reward system, for medicinal chemists- Emphasizes neurotransmitters and neurochemical mechanisms of addictive drugs- Pulls together information on the many potential drug targets for treating addiction- Stresses unique medicinal chemistry problems when describing pharmacology testing methods and drug development

This book presents a thorough and updated treatment of food chemistry based on modern concepts.

• Describes the endemic plants used in traditional medicine • Includes the chemical and bioactive compounds from desertic medicinal plants • Addresses the analytic techniques to determine chemical and bioactive compounds • Represents an effort to keep the ethnobiological knowledge of communities

The material presented in this book deals with basic mechanisms of free radical reactions in autoxidation processes and anitoxidant suppression of autoxidation of foods, biochemical models and biologi cal systems. Autoxidation in foods and corresponding biological effects are usually approached separately although recent mechanistic developments in the biochemistry and free radical chemistry of per oxides and their precursors tend to bring these two fields closer. Apparent ability of antioxidants in diets to reduce the inci dence of cancer has resulted in scrutiny of autoxidized products and their precursors as possibly toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic agents. Mechanisms of any of these effects have been barely ad dressed. Yet we know now that free radicals, as esoteric as they were only a few decades ago, are being discovered in foods, biochem ical and biological systems and do play a role in the above-mentioned causalities. The purpose of the Workshop and the resulting book was to give a unifying approach towards study of beneficial and deleterious effects of autoxidation, based on rigorous scientific considerations. It is our hope that the material presented in this book will not only provide a review of the "state of the art" of autoxidation and anti oxidants, but also reflect the interaction which occurred during the Workshop between workers using model sytems, and food and biological systems."

"This fantastic CGP Student Book comprehensively covers both years of AQA A-Level Chemistry. It's bursting with in-depth, accessible notes explaining every course topic, plus all of the Required Practicals. Everything's supported by clear diagrams, photographs, tips and worked examples. Throughout the book there are lots of practice questions and exam-style questions (with answers at the back). There's detailed guidance on Maths Skills and Practical Skills, as well as indispensable advice for success in the final exams. We've even thrown in a free Online Edition of the whole book - just use the code printed inside the book to access it on your PC, Mac or tablet. If you'd prefer Year 1 (9781782943211) & Year 2 (9781782943266) in separate books, CGP has them too! And for more detailed coverage of the mathematical elements of A-Level Chemistry, try our Essential Maths Skills book (978182944720)! "