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Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

From a review of Volume 1: ''...well worth the attention of quantum chemists...the high quality of the contents augurs well for future volumes in the series.''-Nature This latest volume describes nuclear motion in isolated molecules, an important bridge between theoretical studies of molecular structure and experimentally observed vibration and vibration-rotation spectra.

Amerika wandelte sich im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts in der europaischen Wahrnehmung von der vorzivilisatorischen Utopie zu einem Zukunftsmodell, in dem wie in einem Brennspiegel alle Chancen und Gefahren der burgerlichen Gesellschaft aufschienen. Hauptakteur dieses Diskurses uber Modernisierungshoffnungen und -angste innerhalb der europaischen Gesellschaften war das Burgertum in all seinen bildungs- und besitzburgerlichen Auspragungen vom Pfarrer bis zum Unternehmer, was fur Deutschland ebenso wie fur Frankreich, England oder Italien gilt.
Anhand verschiedenster Themenfelder des Diskurses wie soziale Gleichheit und Mobilitat, Wirtschaft und Staat, Familenformen und Geschlechterbeziehungen, Mentalitaten und Bildungsstrukturen sowie Stadtebau und Wohnen wird gezeigt, wie das deutsche Burgertum mental auf die Herausforderung der amerikanischen Gesellschaft reagierte. Im Vergleich mit den Reaktionen des britischen und franzosischen Burgertums zeigen sich dabei erstaunliche Parallelen, die entgegen der "Sonderwegsthese" eine Fulle von kulturellen Gemeinsamkeiten des europaischen Burgertums zum Vorschein bringen? Gemeinsamkeiten, denen sich die Europaer trotz aller nationalistischen Exzesse gerade in der Konfrontation mit den USA teilweise durchaus bewut wurden. Trotz der Faszination durch viele Modernisierungselemente erschien dem europaischen Burgertum die Dynamik der burgerlichen Gesellschaft in den USA insgesamt zu radikal und ungebremst, zu egalitar und revolutionar, so da vor 1914 die Herausforderung des "Modells Amerika" noch einmal relativiert werden konnte - was sich nach 1918 andern sollte, auch wenn die Elemente des Diskurses im Kern die gleichen blieben.

This book provides an overview of the origins and evolution of the periodic system from its prehistory to the latest synthetic elements and possible future additions. The periodic system of the elements first emerged as a comprehensive classificatory and predictive tool for chemistry during the 1860s. Its subsequent embodiment in various versions has made it one of the most recognizable icons of science. Based primarily on a symposium titled "150 Years of the Periodic Table" and held at the August 2019 national meeting of the American Chemical Society, this book describes the origins of the periodic law, developments that led to its acceptance, chemical families that the system struggled to accommodate, extension of the periodic system to include synthetic elements, and various cultural aspects of the system that were celebrated during the International Year of the Periodic Table.

A comprehensive laboratory manual containing 39 experiments that parallel the text, including a final group of six experiments on qualitative cation analysis.

Alcohol abuse throughout the world is associated with serious social and medical implications. Problems such as intoxication, tol erance, and development of physical dependence have been well recognized. The central nervous system and the liver are especially affected. There is little doubt that alcohol abuse can result in organ damage, which in turn leads to deleterious health consequences to the individual. Understanding ethanol action presents a special and functional diver challenge because of its molecular simplicity sity. In fact, the ability for alcohol to disrupt cellular function is at tributed to its cellular injury without regard to an apparent specific mechanism of action. Nevertheless, the key to an effective treatment to this problem is through research into understanding the mechan isms underlying how ethanol interacts with cells and membranes. This book is the result of a cooperative effort among scientists from many nations who met in a symposium in Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, July 1988. The focus of this book is on experimental ap proaches to better understand the molecular mechanisms of ethanol on the biological system. These recent advances in the examination of the alcohol effects on cellular function are divided into four sec tions. The first section addresses specific actions of ethanol on the central nervous system. The second section is directed to the use of cell cuI tures in ethanol research and the usefulness of cell cultures in examination of the effects of ethanol in vitro."

Water quality is important to everyone, but professionals in many disciplines need an understanding of this subject. Although water quality is complex, its general aspects can be grasped readily and with little background - only introductory chemistry and biology and a little algebra are needed. Unfortunately, the teaching of water quality is not well organized. In most colleges and universities, water quality instruction is given in certain engineering curricula and in aquatic ecology or fisheries curricula. There also is brief attention to selected topics on water quality in numerous classes in other curricula. Water quality training in engineering is highly specialized and directed by necessity towards water supply and water treatment, while the focus in aquatic ecology and fisheries is on biological water quality and pollution. Few students venture into specialized classes outside of their curricula, and as a result, their formal training in water quality is greatly restricted. Self-education by reading texts and reference books on water quality is difficult. Authors of water quality books seem to be more interested in presenting a rigorous, detailed treatment than in focusing on simplicity and clarity. Chemical aspects of water quality often are presented at a level requiring fairly advanced mathematics and physical chemistry, and biological discussions may be quite advanced and theoretical. I have taught water quality to seniors and graduate students in agriculture, wildlife and fisheries, environmental sciences, economics, and similar disciplines for many years.

This volume of High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering is fully dedicated to the final report of KONWIHR, the Bavarian Competence Network for Technical and Scientific High Performance Computing. It includes the transactions of the final KONWIHR workshop, that was held at Technische Universitat Munchen, October 14-15, 2004, as well as additional reports of KONWIHR research groups. KONWIHR was established by the Bavarian State Government in order to support the broad application of high performance computing in science and technology throughout the country. KONWIHR is a supporting action to the installation of the German supercomputer Hitachi SR 8000 in the Leibniz Computing Center of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. The report covers projects from basic research in computer science to develop tools for high performance computing as well as applications from biology, chemistry, electrical engineering, geology, mathematics, physics, computational fluid dynamics, materials science and computer science."

NMR is a growing technique which represents a generalized, spread, common tool for spectroscopy and for structural and dynamic investigation. Part of the field of competence of NMR is represented by molecules with unpaired electrons, which are called paramagnetic. The presence of unpaired electrons is at the same time a drawback (negative effect) and a precious source of information about structure and dynamics. New phenomena and effects are described which are due to the high magnetic fields and advances in the methodology. "Solution NMR of Paramagnetic Molecules" is unique in dealing with these matters. The scope is that of presenting a complete description, which is both rigorous and pictorial, of theory and experiments of NMR of paramagnetic molecules in solution. Pertinent examples are described. From the time dependent behaviour of electrons in the various metal ions including polimetallic systems to the hyperfine-based information, and from NMR experiments to constraints for solution structure determination. The book's major theme is how to perform high resolution NMR experiments and how to obtain structural and dynamic information on paramagnetic metal ion containing systems.

Prepared by Jan William Simek, this manual provides detailed solutions to all in-chapter as well as end-of-chapter exercises in the text.

A principal aim of this first biography of Robert Le Rossignol, engineer of the Haber process, is to bring new evidence to the attention of the scientific community allowing a re-assessment of the origins of the 'Haber' process. However, the scope of the book is much wider and goes beyond the discovery of 'fixation' to account for a life distinct from Haber, one full of remarkable science, cruel circumstance, personal tragedy and amazing benevolence, the latter made possible by Haber's generous financial arrangement with Le Rossignol regarding his royalties from the BASF.

The ene10sed ~roeeedings of the NATO Advaneed Study Institute held in September 1979 are intended to provide a eomprehensive introduetion to the development of semie1assiea1 methods for mo1eeu1ar seattering and speetroseopy over the past twenty years. Progress in the seattering field may be taken to date from the famous paper by Ford and Wheeler in 1959, and eoineidenta1ly the RKR teehnique for diatomie speetroseopy was rediseovered at roughly t~e' same time. Subsequent developments have e~hasised the insight to be gained by eombining elassica1 and quant~ meehaniea1 ideas in a wide variety of more eOMplicated problems. Three main types of development may be recognised. First advances have oeeu~ed in mathematical teehnique, both in the development of higher order JWKB and phase integral expansions at dtscussed in chapters 1 and 3, and also in the use of uniform approximations to remove the spurious singularities inherent in the primitive JWKB approaeh. The latter are introduced in the conteat of elastic scattering in Chapter 2, and later recur in other app1ieations in ehapters 4 and 5. A second development has been to extend semie1assiea1 ideas to tunneling and curve-crossing situations. Here spectroscopic applicati. ons of this type are covered in chapter 4, and scattering situations are treated under the heading of non-adiabatic transitions in chapter 6. Finally major progress hs. s been made over the past ten years in the treatment of non-separable situations.

Exam Board: AQA Level: AS/A-level Subject: Chemistry First Teaching: September 2015 First Exam: June 2017 AQA Approved Help students to apply and develop their knowledge, progressing from basic concepts to more complicated Chemistry, with worked examples, practical activities and mathematical support throughout. - Provides support for all 12 required practicals with activities that introduce practical work and other experimental investigations in Chemistry - Offers detailed examples to help students get to grips with difficult concepts such as Physical Chemistry calculations - Mathematical skills are integrated throughout the book and all summarised in one chapter for easy reference - Allows you to easily measure progression with Differentiated End of Topic questions and Test Yourself Questions - Develops understanding with free online access to 'Test yourself' answers and an extended glossary.

Providing specialist reviews and analyses of contemporary theories, algorithms, and techniques, this series aims to facilitate the effective exploitation of available computing power. The current volume focuses on the theoretical determination of atomic and molecular properties as related to wave functions, electron densities, and total energies.

For Louis Pasteur, the two distinctive properties of dissymmetric systems, optical activity and chiral discrimination, provided prime evidence for a Divine origin to the universe. Handedness appeared to be built into the macrocosm of the galaxies, each with a non-superposable mirror image by virtue of its rotation, as well as the microcosm of each molecule of most natural products. The best that the chemist in the laboratory could accomplish appeared to be the synthesis of the detordu internally-compensated meso-form and, as Pasteur ultimately came to admit, the externally-compensated racemic form. In the latter case the chemist generated not merely one but two chiral structures, although parity, and secondary symmetry generally, seemed to be conserved in the enantiomer antipode pair. The cosmic element in the Pasteur tradition received an augmentation in secular form from demonstrations of the non conservation of parity in the weak interactions, and from the discovery of net circularity in the extra-terrestrial photons, such as those from the less-distant planets, particularly the photons from the Jupiter red-spot. The development of the photoacoustic circular analysers a decade ago was received in fact with as much enthusiasm by the astronomers as by the chemists. It would be just to add, however, that the majority of these circular analysers are now to be found, not in the observatories, but in the physical and chemistry laboratories devoted to the molecular aspects of the Pasteur tradition."

This book aims to provide an introduction to the major techniques of chemoinformatics. It is the first text written specifically for this field. The first part of the book deals with the representation of 2D and 3D molecular structures, the calculation of molecular descriptors and the construction of mathematical models. The second part describes other important topics including molecular similarity and diversity, the analysis of large data sets, virtual screening, and library design. Simple illustrative examples are used throughout to illustrate key concepts, supplemented with case studies from the literature.

About 20 years ago the emphasis in soil chemistry research switched from studies of problems related to scarcities of plant nutrients to those arising from soil pollutants. The new problems have come about because of the excessive uses of fertilizers, the inputs from farm and industrial wastes, the widespread applications of anthropogenie xenobiotic chemicals, and the deterioration of soil structure resulting from certain modern agriculture practises. The International Society of Soil Science (ISSS) recognized these problems and challenges. A provisional Working Group was set up in 1978 to focus attention on soil colloids with a view to understanding better the interactions wh ich take place at their surfaces. It was recognized that these interactions are fundamental to problems of soil fertility, as weIl as to those of soil pollution. After the group had received the official support of ISSS at its 12th International Congress in New Delhi in 1982 it set as its priority the assembling and evaluation of information, relevant to the soil and environmental sciences, concerning the composition and structure of soil colloids. Prior to that aseries of Position Papers were published in the Bulletin of the International Society of Soil Science (Vol. 61, 1981) outlining the state of knowledge about the composition and properties of soil colloids.

The explosion in the generation of information parallels the explosion of computational resources. The use of computers to collect, store and manipulate chemical information is at the heart of chemoinformatics. These methodologies, whose main target thus far has been the pharmaceutical field, are general and can be applied to other types of chemical data sets, such as those containing food chemicals. While the use of chemical information methodologies to address food-related challenges is still in its infancy, interest is growing and will continue to do so as the methods prove useful, particularly for providing practical solutions to food industry challenges. Foodinformatics gives an overview of basic concepts, applications, tools and perspectives of the emerging field of foodinformatics. The book is an important addition to the literature and will be of interest of food chemists, nutritionists, informaticians and scientists of related fields. About the Editors Karina Martinez-Mayorga, Instituto de Quimica, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico and Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA Jose Luis Medina-Franco, Instituto de Quimica, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico, and Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA

Growth in the numbers of organic chemicals during recent decades has been extraordinary. Most are complex compounds that are released directly and/or indirectly to the surrounding environment. A view is emerging in relation to environmental protection and hazardous substance management that (1) some organic chemicals and/or organic leachates from solid waste materials and contaminated sediment/soil sites are of such extreme environmental concern that all use should be highly controlled including isolation for disposal; and (2) most hazardous substances are of sufficient social value that their continual use, production and disposal are justified. For these chemicals their types, sources, fate, behavior, effects and remediation at solid- aqueous phase interfaces must be fully assessed and understood. This assessment and understanding are essential for society to accept risks of adverse ecological or human health effects.

As we move further into the 21st Century, sensory and consumer studies continue to develop, playing an important role in food science and industry. These studies are crucial for understanding the relation between food properties on one side and human liking and buying behaviour on the other.

This book by a group of established scientists gives a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the most common statistical methods for handling data from both trained sensory panels and consumer studies of food.

It presents the topic in two distinct sections: problem-orientated (Part I) and method orientated (Part II), making it to appropriate for people at different levels with respect to their statistical skills.

This book succesfully: Makes a clear distinction between studies using a trained sensory panel and studies using consumers.Concentrates on experimental studies with focus on how sensory assessors or consumers perceive and assess various product properties.Focuses on relationships between methods and techniques and on considering all of them as special cases of more general statistical methodologies

It is assumed that the reader has a basic knowledge of statistics and the most important data collection methods within sensory and consumer science.

This text is aimed at food scientists and food engineers working in research and industry, as well as food science students at master and PhD level. In addition, applied statisticians with special interest in food science will also find relevant information within the book.

"Steude's book offers a very readable and easy-to-understand presentation of the key concepts of inorganic molecular chemistry. Following an introduction into chemical bonding, the book focuses on the material chemistry of the main group elements." Prof. Dr. Michael Ruck, TU Dresden