Synthetic fibres are widely used for many applications, with their colour being of major commercial importance. This extensively referenced book provides a comprehensive account of the physical chemistry of the dyeing of synthetic fibres and microfibres.

Die interdisziplinar angelegte Untersuchung behandelt die Wahlen zur Berliner Stadtverordnetenversammlung unter der Preuische Stadteordnung von 1808 auf der Basis umfangreicher Archivalien und stellt eine umfassende Aufarbeitung der unerforschten Anfange des stadtischen Parlamentarismus in Deutschland dar.
Ausgangspunkt sind die Ursprunge des Wahlrechts in der Stadteordnung und deren praktische Umsetzung. Das Wahlverfahren wird detailliert beschrieben; Wahlbeteiligung, Wahlverhalten, Wahlergebnis, Mandatsverweigerungen und Wiederwahlen sind aufgearbeitet und erlautert. Erstmals in der deutschen Wahlgeschichtsforschung werden soziale Zusammensetzung der Stadtverordnetenversammlungen einer preuischen Kommune uber den gesamten Zeitraum der Stadteordnung (1808-1850) und die Haltung kommunaler Eliten zur Frage allgemeiner Partizipationsmoglichkeiten und -chancen auf Gemeindeebene dargestellt.
Die Grundlage dafur sind die im Anhang aufgefuhrten Daten von vierzig Wahljahren, in denen rund 1500 Mandate von der Burgerschaft vergeben wurden. Dieses Verzeichnis samtlicher Stadtverordneten und deren Stellvertreter von 1808 bis 1850 mit Angabe von Beruf, Adresse, Wahlbezirk, Wahlort und Wahltermin bildet die Basis fur die Analyse der Anteile unterschiedlicher Berufsgruppen und deren Schwankungen in den Stadtverordnetenversammlungen Berlins. Das Verhaltnis religioser Minderheiten (Hugenotten und Juden) in den Burgervertretungen wird gesondert behandelt.
Die Untersuchung ist ein grundlegender Beitrag zur fruhen Wahlpartizipation und Erforschung politischer Eliten, zur Sozialgeschichte der Berliner Burgerschaft und - angesichts der wachsenden Bedeutung Berlins als Metropole des 19. Jahrhunderts - zur deutschen und europaischen Stadtgeschichtsforschung.

Pattern recognition and other chemometrical techniques are important tools in interpreting environmental data. This volume presents authoritatively state-of-the-art applications of measuring and handling environmental data. The chapters are written by leading experts.

Das Repertorium bietet einen reprasentativen Uberblick uber die deutschsprachigen Ehelehren anhand der vollstandig aufgearbeiteten Bibliotheksbestanden in Berlin (Band I, Erster und Zweiter Halbband), Wolfenbuttel (Band II) und Munchen (Band III). Es enthalt uberlieferungsgeschichtliche Daten, Inhaltsangaben, literaturgeschichtliche Charakterisierungen und mehrere Register."

This book explores the use of nanomaterials as diesel fuel additives. It extensively reviews the diesel engine characteristics and the most frequently used nanomaterials and nanofuels and discusses the practical issues regarding the viability of nanomaterials as fuel additives from technical, environmental, and human health viewpoints. Special attention is focused on questions related to the short-term use of nanomaterials in diesel engines, such as: * What are the most important nanomaterial activities in diesel engines? * What happens to nanomaterials at various stages, from the fuel tank to exhaust? * What are the effects of nanofuel usage on diesel engine characteristics? and * What are the effects of nanomaterials on diesel engine parts and systems? Given its scope, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers in environmental science, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering fields, as well as for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students.

Mehr als vier Jahrzehnte von 1722 bis 1765 stand Samuel Urlsperger an der Spitze der evangelischen Gemeinde der Reichsstadt Augsburg. Dieser Mann ist bislang kaum zur Kenntnis genommen worden, obwohl er einen aus provinzieller Enge herausstrebenden Protestantismus der Neuzeit prasentiert."

Safety of Meat and Processed Meat provides the reader with the recent developments in the safety of meat and processed meat, from the abattoir along the processing chain to the final product. To achieve this goal, the editor uses five approaches. The first part deals with the main biological contaminants like pathogen microorganisms, specially E. coli and L. monocytogenes, toxins and biogenic amines that can be present either in meat or its derived products. The second part focuses on main technologies for meat decontamination as well as developments like active packaging or bioprotective cultures to extend the shelf life. The third part presents non-biological contaminants and residues in meat and meat products including nitrosamines, PAH, veterinary drugs and environmental compounds. The fourth part discusses current methodologies for the detection of microorganisms, its toxins, veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants and GMOs, and the final part deals with predictive models, risk assessment, regulations on meat safety, consumer perception, and other recent trends in the field. This book is written by distinguished international contributors with excellent experience and reputation. In addition, brings together advances in different safety approaches.

This series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research. It contains short and concise reports on chemistry, each written by a world renowned expert. This publication is still valid and useful after five or ten years. Scientists and practitioners in the mentioned fields and in industry will benefit from this series. Further information as well as the electronic version of the whole content is available at: springerlink.com

Advances in the flavonoid field have been nothing short of spectacular over the last 20 years. While the medical field has noticed flavonoids for their potential antioxidant, anticancer and cardioprotectant characteristics, growers and processors in plant sciences have utilized flavonoid biosynthesis and the genetic manipulation of the flavonoid pathway in plants to improve the nutritional and ornamental value of crops. Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications covers each class of flavonoid and presents the historic advances made in flavonoid research since the 1994 publication of an earlier text, Flavonoids Advances in Research Since 1986. This book details the analytical techniques scientists have used to achieve an improved understanding of flavonoid structures and functions as well as advances in the genetic manipulation of the flavonoid pathway, and the discovery of many new flavonoids. It indicates which techniques are best suited for the isolation and structure determination of flavonoids and whether the structures are novel. While explaining how to evaluate the flavonoid content in food and beverages, the book reveals the biotechnological advances that have allowed nutritionists and plant physiologists to assess the possible effects of flavonoids. As interest regarding the impact and health benefits of flavonoids continues to grow, Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications reflects the continuing commitment of flavonoid researchers to the improvement of human health and provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date source of information for all known flavonoids.

Serving as an all-in-one guide to the entire field of coatings technology, this encyclopedic reference covers a diverse range of topics-including basic concepts, coating types, materials, processes, testing and applications-summarizing both the latest developments and standard coatings methods. Take advantage of the insights and experience of over 100 recognized experts in over 100 chapters to select and apply the best coatings for your own product needs. Emphasizing an interdisciplinary exchange of ideas and approaches, the Coatings Technology Handbook, Second Edition review the most recent testing methods, including infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, weathering, and cure monitoring...extensively details a variety of contemporary processes such as flexography, electroless plating, flame surface treatment, embossing, and calendaring ...analyses current materials and surface coatings from resins and thermoplastic elastomers to peelable medical, radiation-cured, leather, and metal coatings...and much more.

A diverse team of researchers, technologists, and engineers describe, in simple and practical language, the major current and evolving technologies for improving the biocatalytic capabilities of mammalian, microbial, and plant cells. The authors present state-of-the-art techniques, proven methods, and strategies for industrial screening, cultivation, and scale-up of these cells, and describe their biotech and industrial uses. Special emphasis is given to the solving critical issues encountered during the discovery of new drugs, process development, and the manufacture of new and existing compounds. Other topics include recombinant protein expression, bioinformatics, high throughput screening, analytical tools in biotechnology, DNA shuffling, and genomics discovery.

Nanocrystalline materials is the name given to three-dimensional ultrafine, polycrystalline microstructures. These microstructures give rise to chemical and physical size effects which are of increasing scientific and technological interest. This book describes the development of a chemical vapor synthesis method for the production of nanocrystalline ceramic powders. The development of the microstructure during sintering is studied and the influence of the synthesis parameters on the structure and properties of the nanocrystalline ceramics from the atomic to the microstructural level is investigated. The emerging unified view, from powder synthesis and ceramic processing to structural characterization and determination of properties, provides a detailed understanding of nanocrystalline materials and enables a precise control of the quality of the final products.

Key Features: Provides botanical descriptions, distribution and pharmacological investigations of notable medicinal and herbal plants used to prevent or treat diabetes. Discusses phytochemical and polyherbal formulations for the management of diabetes and other related complications. Contains reports on antidiabetic plants and their potential uses in drug discovery based on their bioactive molecules.

It has been a decade since two seminal reviews demonstrated that mixed-valence compounds share many unique and fascinating features. The insight pro vided by those early works has promoted a great deal of both experimental and theoretical study. As a result of extensive efforts, our understanding of the bonding and properties of mixed-valence compounds has advanced substantially. There has been no compre hensive treatment of mixed-valence compounds since 1967, and the meeting convened at Oxford in September, 1979, provided a unique opportunity to examine the subject and its many ramifications. Mixed-valence compounds play an important role in many fields. Although the major impact of the subject has been in chemistry, its importance has become increasingly clear in solid state physics, geology, and biology. Extensive interest and effort in the field of molecular metals has demonstrated that mixed-valency is a prerequisite for high elec trical conductivity. The intense colors of many minerals have been shown to be due to mixed-valency, and the electron-transfer properties of certain mixed-valence metalloproteins are important in biological processes. Experts from all of these areas participated in this meeting, and the truly interdisciplinary nature of the subject made it a unique learning experience for all in attendance."

Exam Board: AQA, Edexcel, CCEA, OCR, WJEC Eduqas Level: A-level Subject: Chemistry First teaching: September 2015 First exams: Summer 2017 Master the skills you need to set yourself apart and hit the highest grades; this year-round course companion develops the higher-order thinking skills that top-achieving students possess, providing step-by-step guidance, examples and tips for getting an A grade. Written by experienced author and teacher Sarah Longshaw, Aiming for an A in A-level Chemistry: - Helps you develop the 'A grade skills' of analysis, evaluation, creation and application - Takes you step by step through specific skills you need to master in A-level Chemistry, including scientific reading, quantitative and practical skills, so you can apply these skills and approach each exam question as an A/A* candidate - Clearly shows how to move up the grades with sample responses annotated to highlight the key features of A/A* answers - Helps you practise to achieve the levels expected of top-performing students, using in-class or homework activities and further reading tasks that stretch towards university-level study - Perfects exam technique through practical tips and examples of common pitfalls to avoid - Cultivates effective revision habits for success, with tips and strategies for producing and using revision resources - Supports all exam boards, outlining the Assessment Objectives for reaching the higher levels under the AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC/Eduqas and CCEA specifications.

Principles of Biochemistry provides a concise introduction to fundamental concepts of biochemistry, striking the right balance of rigor and detail between the encyclopedic volumes and the cursory overview texts available today. Widely praised for accuracy, currency, and clarity of exposition, the Fifth Edition offers a new student-friendly design, an enhanced visual program, new Application Boxes, contemporary research integrated throughout, and updated end-of-chapter problems.