The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, since its inception, has been recognized as a cornerstone of heterocyclic chemistry. Each volume attempts to discuss all aspects - properties, synthesis, reactions, physiological and industrial significance - of a specific ring system. To keep the series up-to-date, supplementary volumes covering the recent literature on each individual ring system have been published. Many ring systems (such as pyridines and oxazoles) are treated in distinct books, each consisting of separate volumes or parts dealing with different individual topics. With all authors are recognized authorities, the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Chemistry is considered worldwide as the indispensable resource for organic, bioorganic, and medicinal chemists.

This thorough book explores some of the most important methods and concepts affecting the quantitative analysis of the transport, targeting, and disposition of chemicals within cells, which in turn impact the macroscopic pharmacokinetics of chemical agents in the whole organism. The first half of the volume focuses on small organic molecules with drug-like characteristics, while the second half delves into the cellular pharmacokinetics of biologics and other macromolecules, including peptide therapeutics, cyclotides, antibodies, as well as nanoparticles, thus creating a comprehensive treatise that approaches cellular pharmacokinetics from the different perspectives of pharmaceutical scientists, chemical biologists, medicinal chemists, and protein engineers dealing with very different chemical agents spanning a wide range of sizes, physicochemical properties, and targeting mechanisms. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters provide the kind of key detail and expert implementation advice that leads to excellent results in the lab. Synthetic biologists, biophysicists, and bioengineers are amongst the long list of scientists who could benefit from reading this book or from using it as a textbook. Authoritative and practical, Quantitative Analysis of Cellular Drug Transport, Disposition, and Delivery builds on a long history of drug development and the adding of quantitative methods at the cellular scale in order to inspire new approaches to drug development that are better able to take advantage of phenomena such as soluble-to-insoluble phase transitions or bispecific targeting, which could ultimately be exploited for the development of more effective drug delivery systems and therapeutic agents.

TWO FROM ONE Condensed and easy step-in resource to the vast universe of cell cycle control and cell division Two from One: A Short Introduction to Cell Division Mechanisms is an easy and solid step-in for students and all individuals starting to learn about cell and molecular biology, as well as professionals looking for an avenue into the subject, emphasizing general concepts and universal aspects of eukaryotic cell division without getting lost in the vast amount of detail across the overall field. The text enables readers to learn about general concepts and discoveries from various systems and approaches to elucidate the process of cell division, with descriptions of scientific processes included throughout in order to aid in reader comprehension. The content and material have been taught, revised, and simplified based on student feedback, to be as accessible as possible to a broader audience. It can be read in a few hours by anyone with an interest in the topic and an undergraduate background. In Two from One, readers can expect to find coverage on a myriad of essential topics, such as: Cell theory, mitosis, chromosome theory of heredity, DNA, and why/how cell cycles come in many flavors Cell growth and division, covering balanced growth and cell proliferation, measures of cell growth, and the relationship between cell growth and division Assaying cell cycle progression, covering measuring cell cycle phases, single-cell imaging, labeled mitoses, and frequency distributions Duplicating the genome, covering DNA replication, origin firing, chromatin, checkpoints, and the DNA damage checkpoint Undergraduates, graduate students, and early career professionals in cell biology, biomedicine, and biology, along with post docs changing subject area or needing further information on cell division, will find Two from One to be an immensely useful, accessible, and reader-friendly resource in a traditionally highly complex field.

Provide knowledge on multiple related fields in application of nanomaterials. Provide most updated literature. Prove readers to understand applications in closely related fields. Consists of examples and illustrations so that readers can absorb the content very fast.

This book analyses the use of a pulsed gas flow to structure bubbling gas-solid fluidised beds and to induce a special fluidisation state, called "dynamically structured flow", as a promising approach to process intensification. It explores the properties of bubbles rising in staggered periodic arrays without direct interaction, assessing their size, separation, and velocity, and explains how a highly uniform, scalable flow offers tight control over the system hydrodynamics. These features are desirable, as they not only bypass engineering challenges occurring in traditional operations, such as maldistribution and non-uniform contact, but also allow to decouple conflicting design objectives, such as mixing and gas-solid contact. The thesis also presents computational simulations which reveal the periodic transitions of the particulate phase between fluid-like and solid-like behaviour. This book will be of interest to researchers, engineers, and graduate students alike, particularly those working in industrial drying, combustion, and chemical production.

This detailed volume presents a series of protocols dealing with different aspects of inclusion body (IB) processing, from cloning procedures to purification of refolded product. Commencing with chapters on upstream processing, looking into different expression strategies for IB production, the book continues with downstream applications, highlighting early protein purification and subsequent analytics, as well as success stories of IB-based processes. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Inclusion Bodies: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal resource for facilitating diverse aspects of IB processing.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Volume 88, the latest installment in this internationally acclaimed series, contains chapters authored by world-renowned clinical laboratory scientists, physicians and research scientists. The serial discusses the latest and most up-to-date technologies related to the field of clinical chemistry, and is the benchmark for novel analytical approaches in the clinical laboratory.

The first accessible text on the topic of animals as environmental predictors, bringing together the literature from as far back as 18th century through to the present day. - Covers wider terrain than other titles in a relatively unexplored subject area. The text discusses climate change (highly topical) and how animals may be able to be used to predict future weather and climatic events. There is international potential as the climate challenge is global, and the examples span worldwide case studies. The sources used include myths, anecdotes, news articles and stories backed up by relevant scientific literature in international peer-reviewed journals. Each chapter starts with a short fictitious story to set the scene and anecdotes from indigenous cultures are especially interesting. The author draws on his vast expertise in biochemistry and cell biology. The science does not impede the less technical reader, due to the engaging mix of stories, anecdotes, personal observations and scientific underpinnings.

Covers potential energy storage (rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors) and energy conversion (solar cells and fuel cells) materials. Develops theoretical predictions and experimental observations under a unified quasi-particle framework. Illustrate up-to-date calculation results and experimental measurements. Describes successful synthesis, fabrication, and measurements, as well as potential applications and near future challenges.

The "greening" of industry processes - i.e., making them more sustainable - is a popular and often lucrative trend which has seen increased attention in recent years. Green Chemical Processes, the 2nd volume of Green Chemical Processing, covers the hot topic of sustainability in chemistry with a view to education, as well as considering corporate and environmental interests, e.g. in the context of energy production. The diverse team of authors allows for a balance between these different, but interconnected perspectives. The American Chemical Society's 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are woven throughout this text as well as the series to which this book belongs.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of current biosurfactant research and applications. Public awareness of environmental issues has increased significantly over the last decade, a trend that has been accompanied by industry demands for climate-friendly and environmentally friendly renewable raw materials. In the context of household products, biosurfactants could potentially meet this demand in the future due to their low ecotoxicity, excellent biodegradability, and use of renewable raw materials. The diversity of this class of molecules, which has only been marginally tapped to date, offers only an inkling of their future application potential. However, there are two main obstacles to their widespread commercial use on the growing surfactant market: the lack of attractive and competitive production technologies, and the limited structural diversity of commercially available biosurfactants. Addressing both of these core issues, this book will provide readers with a deeper understanding of the role of biosurfactants, including future opportunities and challenges. Chapter "Environmental Impacts of Biosurfactants from a Life Cycle Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

DFT methods are widely used in a broad range of disciplines to investigate many body systems. This book provides an overview on contemporary applications of the Density Functional Theory in various fields as computational chemistry, physics or engineering.

This book was conceived as a way to disseminate information about successful NSF-sponsored Chemistry Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Sites. Eleven chapters describe specific REU sites and one chapter describes the Chemistry REU Leadership Group. The authors have shared the expertise they acquired from a broad range of approaches, multi-disciplinary collaborations, and multi-institutional collaborations. Each author contributes distinctive and partially overlapping perspectives into the complex factors that result in running a successful summer research program. Half of the authors participated in a symposium titled "Best Practices for Chemistry REU Programs" at the spring 2017 national meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS). Each described their program's distinctive features in the context of their overall summer experience, such as the integration of deaf and hearing impaired, coordination of an international program, and multi-institutional programs. The other half of the authors participated in one of the symposia hosted by the Chemistry REU Leadership Group at spring ACS national meetings between 2013 and 2016. Each of these symposia focused on a different aspect of successful REU programs. These authors describe excellent models for professional development and mentor training workshops among many others. This book hopes to provide undergraduate research advisors at universities across the nation with information they need to design more thoughtful and beneficial college undergraduate research programs for their majors, and to provide investigators with useful information to write more effective proposals that will fund more summer research programs.

Partial differential equations are used in mathematical models of a huge range of real-world phenomena, from electromagnetism to financial markets. This new edition of Applied PDEs contains many new sections and exercises Including, American options, transform methods, free surface flows, linear elasticity and complex characteristics.

Cancer will remain a global major health problem unless new diagnostic, prognostic, and management approaches are discovered to address both loss of life and quality of life. Here we summarize the general physiology, pathology, heterogeneity, and evolution of cancer, current status, limitations and challenges associated with prevention, incidence, treatment, survival, and mortality, as well as future directions with regards to solid tumors. Perspectives are provided on how to improve pre-clinical understandings, outcomes, and patient care. Further, this comprehensive, timely overview of the literature has educational value as part of an academic course, seminar, or as a supplementary text. Features : This book summarizes the current status, successes, difficulties, advancements, limitations, and challenges in medical interventions that impact patients' quality of life. Includes concise descriptions of all relevant cell and molecular biology concepts including evolutionary paradigms, hallmarks of cancer, and heterogeneity to help understand the pathophysiology of cancer, cancer-associated disease conditions, and effective cancer therapy. Contains an array of colorful figures and schematics summarizing complex informative pathological, physiological, and biochemical concepts. Covers a multitude of sub-topics pertaining to cancer biology including diagnosis; chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy; metastasis; disseminated and circulating tumor cells, and cancer stem cells; drug resistance and cellular reprogramming; complex epigenetics; tumor-derived exosomes; oncogenic viruses; metabolic syndrome and cancer metabolism; convoluted neovascularization; efficient biomarkers; immunotherapy; role of nutraceuticals and natural products. Provides perspectives on how to improve pre-clinical understandings, and outcomes, linking toxicological, and pharmacological aspects in patient care. This timely, relevant comprehensive assortment of scientific literature has educational value to a wider audience including as part of an academic course, seminar, or as a supplementary text.

Cancer will remain a global major health problem unless new diagnostic, prognostic, and management approaches are discovered to address both loss of life and quality of life. Here we summarize the general physiology, pathology, heterogeneity, and evolution of cancer, current status, limitations and challenges associated with prevention, incidence, treatment, survival, and mortality, as well as future directions with regards to solid tumors. Perspectives are provided on how to improve pre-clinical understandings, outcomes, and patient care. Further, this comprehensive, timely overview of the literature has educational value as part of an academic course, seminar, or as a supplementary text. Features : This book summarizes the current status, successes, difficulties, advancements, limitations, and challenges in medical interventions that impact patients' quality of life. Includes concise descriptions of all relevant cell and molecular biology concepts including evolutionary paradigms, hallmarks of cancer, and heterogeneity to help understand the pathophysiology of cancer, cancer-associated disease conditions, and effective cancer therapy. Contains an array of colorful figures and schematics summarizing complex informative pathological, physiological, and biochemical concepts. Covers a multitude of sub-topics pertaining to cancer biology including diagnosis; chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy; metastasis; disseminated and circulating tumor cells, and cancer stem cells; drug resistance and cellular reprogramming; complex epigenetics; tumor-derived exosomes; oncogenic viruses; metabolic syndrome and cancer metabolism; convoluted neovascularization; efficient biomarkers; immunotherapy; role of nutraceuticals and natural products. Provides perspectives on how to improve pre-clinical understandings, and outcomes, linking toxicological, and pharmacological aspects in patient care. This timely, relevant comprehensive assortment of scientific literature has educational value to a wider audience including as part of an academic course, seminar, or as a supplementary text.

This book investigates in detail the concepts and principles of green chemistry and related methodologies, including green synthesis, green activation methods, green catalysis, green solvents, and green design to achieve process intensification while at the same time ensuring process safety and promoting ecological civilization and environmental protection. Moreover, it incorporates elements of chemical management and chemical education, highlighting chemists' responsibility to protect humankind and foster green and sustainable development in chemistry. Combining Chinese and Belarus wisdom, this book is intended for those working in the chemical industry who are interested in environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in green chemistry and related technologies.

1. Focuses on these newly available antibacterial, their mechanism of actions, resistance, and spectrum of activities 2. Useful for Biologists, Bioengineers, Biochemist, Biotechnologists, Microbiologists, Food technologists, Enzymologists 3. Discusses new unexploited targets and strategies for the next generation of antimicrobial drugs for combating the drug resistance and emerging pathogens

This book reviews evidence for the existence of information storing states present in specific materials systems called Topological Materials. It discusses how quantum computation, a possible technology for the future, demands unique paradigms where the information storing states are just not disturbed by classical forces. They are protected from environmental disturbance, suggesting that whatever information is stored in such states would could be safe forever. The authors explain how the topological aspect arises from the configuration or the shape of energy space. He further explains that the existence of related topological states has not been conclusively established in spite of significant experimental effort over the past decade. And The book as such illustrates the necessity for such investigations as well as application of the topological states for new computational technologies. The scope of coverage includes all the necessary mathematical and physics preliminaries (starting at the undergraduate level) enabling researchers to quickly understand the state of the art literature.

Sustainable Green Chemistry, the 1st volume of Green Chemical Processing, covers several key aspects of modern green processing. The scope of this volume goes beyond bio- and organic chemistry, highlighting the ecological and economic benefits of enhanced sustainability in such diverse fields as petrochemistry, metal production and wastewater treatment. The authors discuss recent progresses and challenges in the implementation of green chemical processes as well as their transfer from academia to industry and teaching at all levels. Selected successes in the greening of established processes and reactions are presented, including the use of switchable polarity solvents, actinide recovery using ionic liquids, and the removal of the ubiquitous bisphenol A molecule from effluent streams by phytodegradation.

The success of two membrane processes, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, has helped make membrane processes a central technique in solving separation problems for fluid systems. This book discusses the various applications and developments in membrane technology and shows how accurate membrane processes can be designed. Starting with the local transport phenomena, the behavior of individual elements such as tube or plate membranes and the behavior of the technical unit----the module----are discussed in detail. The book goes on to demonstrate the most effective ways of arranging modules for forming an optimal plant.

Chemical Sciences in Early Drug Discovery: Medicinal Chemistry 2.0 describes how new technologies and approaches can be used to improve the probability of success in fulfilling the perennial goal of finding and developing new drugs. Drawing on the author's extensive experience consulting and teaching in medicinal chemistry, the book outlines ways in which medicinal chemistry is widening its reach to meet modern demands, and how modern technologies and approaches are facilitating this growth into new fields. Supported by examples throughout, the book is a practical resource for organic-medicinal chemists, biological chemists and pharmacologists involved in drug discovery.

This book comprises a collection of chapters on advances in green nanomaterials. The book looks at ways to establish long-term safe and sustainable forms of nanotechnology through implementation of nanoparticle biosynthesis with minimum impact on the ecosystem. The book looks at synthesis, processing, and applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials and also at bio-nanomaterials. The contents of this book will prove useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of nanomaterials and green technology.

This book gives an overview on mid-infrared optical glass and fibers laser, it cover the underlying principle, historic background, as well as recent advances in materials processing and enhanced properties for rare earth doped luminescence, spectroscopy lasers, or optical nonlinearity applications. It describes in great detail, the preparation of high purity non-oxide IR glass and fibers to be used as mid-IR fiber laser and supercontinuum sources for optical fiber spectroscopy. It will be useful for academics, researchers and engineers in various disciplines who require a broad introduction to the subject and would like to learn more about the state-of-the-art and upcoming trends in mid-infrared fiber source development, particularly for industrial, medical and military applications.

This volume provides cutting-edge techniques to further the study chromatin biology. Chapters include both novel and well-established methods for the analysis of DNA-associated proteins, DNA methylation, three-dimensional chromatin interactions, deep sequencing-based tools, and data analysis pipelines. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, provides details of the necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and describes step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Chromatin: Methods and Protocols aims to further the understanding of how modified DNA and associated proteins affect the transcriptional output of the genome. Chapter Genome-wide mapping and microscopy visualization of protein-DNA interactions by pA-DamID [Chapter 12] is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.