This comprehensive book addresses the import and fast-moving issues of processing technologies as they apply to vegetable processing today. It is an up-to-date account of just how much the different techniques have developed over recent years to bring vegetables to the consumer not only in different forms and styles but also with a high degree of safety and nutritional quality. Vegetable Processing is written and edited by experts with wide research and industrial experience in the field. This unique review of the different aspects of vegetable processing updates existing technologies and deals in detail with more recent developments, such as aseptic packaging, the technology of chilling and the increasingly important areas of plant, equipment and cleaning.

This book is part of a two-part volume book that highlights the latest advances in innovative bioceramics applied in the highly interdisciplinary area referred to as "translational medicine". This volume predominantly written by surgeons in the fields of craniomaxillofacial, orthopedics, and spinal surgery, examines the translation of innovative bioceramics and bioceramics-based composite from the laboratory to a personalized surgical environment for the repair of damaged and diseased bone tissues. This book also covers the topic of osteoporosis, a skeletal disorder in which the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized it as a public health emergency due to the high number of subjects who exhibited the disease and the morbidity and mortality related to fractures. The book caters to biomaterials researchers and medical clinicians who are interested in incorporating innovative bioceramics to the above-mentioned applications.

Learning the fundamentals of chemistry can be a difficult task to undertake for health professionals. This lab manual to Foundations of Chemistry helps to master chemistry skills needed to succeed. It provides clear and logical explanations of chemical concepts and problem solving to apply concepts with the help of worked out examples. In addition, the manual features and conceptual questions checks brings together the understanding of chemistry and relates chemistry to things health professionals experience on a regular basis.

Advanced Porous Biomaterials for Drug Delivery Applications probes cutting-edge progress in the application of advanced porous biomaterials in drug delivery fields. These biomaterials offer promise in improving upon the design, cost, and creation of potent novel drug delivery systems. The book focuses on two categories: nature engineered and synthetic advanced porous biomaterials, with a wide range of low-cost porous biomaterial-based systems that have been used for the delivery of diverse drugs through in vitro/in vivo approaches. Details how advanced porous biomaterial-assisted systems improve essential properties in drug delivery applications Explains how advanced porous biomaterials systems are being used and explored to improve overall performances of drug delivery systems in mitigating a variety of diseases Emphasizes major applications in drug delivery such as controlled release, cancer therapy, and targeted delivery, and with focus on oral, topical, and transdermal applications Focuses on both naturally available and synthetic low-cost advanced porous biomaterials and their role in enhancing important parameters in drug delivery applications Accessible to readers with bio and non-bio backgrounds This book is an ideal reference for academics, researchers, and industry professionals in the interdisciplinary fields of biomedicine and biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, materials science, and chemistry.

Unique and timely volume as mRNA is a hot area of research making great strides. Covers the full-scale production systems that are needed to develop vaccines as well as elements of data needed to secure the IND approvals. Introduces a commercial-scale manufacturing process using novel techniques like the PCR, in addition to the traditional plasmid DNA. First book that offers commercial technology for developing and large-scale supply of mRNA products. Renowned author and entrepreneur in the field of drug discovery and production.

This handbook presents the key properties of silicon carbide (SiC), the power semiconductor for the 21st century. It describes related technologies, reports the rapid developments and achievements in recent years, and discusses the remaining challenging issues in the field. The book consists of 15 chapters, beginning with a chapter by Professor W. J. Choyke, the leading authority in the field, and is divided into four sections. The topics include presolar SiC history, vapor-liquid-solid growth, spectroscopic investigations of 3C-SiC/Si, developments and challenges in the 21st century; CVD principles and techniques, homoepitaxy of 4H-SiC, cubic SiC grown on 4H-SiC, SiC thermal oxidation processes and MOS interface, raman scattering, NIR luminescent studies, Mueller matrix ellipsometry, raman microscopy and imaging, 4H-SiC UV photodiodes, radiation detectors, and short wavelength and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. This comprehensive work provides a strong contribution to the engineering, materials, and basic science knowledge of the 21st century, and will be of interest to material growers, designers, engineers, scientists, postgraduate students, and entrepreneurs.

Manipulation of matter at the nanoscale level is the key factor in nanotechnology, and it is considered as a great driving force behind the current industrial revolution since it offers facile and feasible remedies for many problems. Because of the unique characteristic properties of nanomaterials, they can be employed in a wide variety of fields such as agriculture and food technology, catalysis, biomedical applications, tissue culture engineering and fertilizers, etc. In this regard, characterization of nanomaterials plays a significant role in determining their optical, thermal, and physicochemical properties. Many techniques have been used in nanomaterial characterization and the most important techniques are discussed in detail in this book with its principles, basic operation procedures and applications with suitable examples. In summary, this book offers a broad content on the most important chemical and structural characterization techniques of nanomaterials. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Provides a comprehensive understanding about physical and chemical characterization techniques of nanomaterials Includes details about basic principles of each characterization technique with appropriate examples Covers most of the important characterization techniques that need to know under the level of undergraduate/early career scientists/beginners in materials chemistry Provides all the basic knowledge to understand and carry out the respective analysis of nanomaterials Fulfills the timely need of a book that covers the most important and useful characterization techniques in nanomaterial characterization Up to date, there are no other books/book chapters which discuss most of these nanocharacterization techniques in one segment with all the basic instrumentation details and narrated examples of nanomaterial characterization. In a nutshell, this book will be a great asset to undergraduates/early career scientists/beginners of material science since it provides a comprehensive and complete understanding about most of the techniques nanocharacterization tools in a short time. Intended audience is based on science education while specifically focusing on undergraduates/graduate students/early scientists and beginners of chemistry, materials chemistry and nanotechnology and nanoscience.

The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, since its inception, has been recognized as a cornerstone of heterocyclic chemistry. Each volume attempts to discuss all aspects - properties, synthesis, reactions, physiological and industrial significance - of a specific ring system. To keep the series up-to-date, supplementary volumes covering the recent literature on each individual ring system have been published. Many ring systems (such as pyridines and oxazoles) are treated in distinct books, each consisting of separate volumes or parts dealing with different individual topics. With all authors are recognized authorities, the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Chemistry is considered worldwide as the indispensable resource for organic, bioorganic, and medicinal chemists.

This book covers the latest developments in phenolic foams and their applications. Compared with polystyrene and polyurethane foams, phenolic foams are known as third-generation polymeric foams. Phenolic foams exhibit excellent fire-retardant properties, including low flammability, low peak heat release rate, no dripping during combustion, and low toxicity. This book discusses various aspects of phenolic foams including properties, synthesis, fabrication methodologies, and applications. The contents also cover the methods for toughening of phenolic foams to make them more widely applicable. This book is of interest to both academics and industry alike. It is also a useful reference for fire safety regulators and policy-makers looking for new materials and methods for sustainable fire protection.

Provide knowledge on multiple related fields in application of nanomaterials. Provide most updated literature. Prove readers to understand applications in closely related fields. Consists of examples and illustrations so that readers can absorb the content very fast.

Cohesive overview of powerful mathematical methods to solve differential equations in physics Asymptotic Perturbation Methods for Nonlinear Differential Equations in Physics addresses nonlinearity in various fields of physics from the vantage point of its mathematical description in the form of nonlinear partial differential equations and presents a unified view on nonlinear systems in physics by providing a common framework to obtain approximate solutions to the respective nonlinear partial differential equations based on the asymptotic perturbation method. Aside from its complete coverage of a complicated topic, a noteworthy feature of the book is the emphasis on applications. There are several examples included throughout the text, and, crucially, the scientific background is explained at an elementary level and closely integrated with the mathematical theory to enable seamless reader comprehension. To fully understand the concepts within this book, the prerequisites are multivariable calculus and introductory physics. Written by a highly qualified author with significant accomplishments in the field, Asymptotic Perturbation Methods for Nonlinear Differential Equations in Physics covers sample topics such as: Application of the various flavors of the asymptotic perturbation method, such as the Maccari method to the governing equations of nonlinear system Nonlinear oscillators, limit cycles, and their bifurcations, iterated nonlinear maps, continuous systems, and nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) Nonlinear systems, such as the van der Pol oscillator, with advanced coverage of plasma physics, quantum mechanics, elementary particle physics, cosmology, and chaotic systems Infinite-period bifurcation in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and fractal and chaotic solutions in NPDEs Asymptotic Perturbation Methods for Nonlinear Differential Equations in Physics is ideal for an introductory course at the senior or first year graduate level. It is also a highly valuable reference for any professional scientist who does not possess deep knowledge about nonlinear physics.

This book presents the pioneering role of the women chemists at the London School of Medicine for Women (LSMW). The account is placed within the framework of the long-forgotten background to the founding of this unique Institution, and the individuals whose lives came together to make it happen: Sophia Jex-Blake; Elizabeth Garrett Anderson; Edith Pechey; and Isabel Thorne. The London School of Medicine for Women (LSMW) was the first School in Britain to enable women to gain medical qualifications. Though its pioneering medical role is beginning to be recognized, the Chemistry Department at the School has been totally overlooked. All first-year students at the LSMW had to spend a significant portion of their time taking theoretical and practical chemistry, taught by dedicated women chemistry instructors. In this book, particular attention is given to each of these exceptionally-talented women chemists who found a haven at, and devoted their lives to, the LSMW. This book also covers the enthusiasm of the women medical students which becomes evident through the chemistry prose and poetry which they wrote. This book will appeal to a wide readership interested in the early role of women in science, and it is particularly relevant to those interested in the lives and contributions of pioneering women chemists.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Health, Safety, Fire, Environment, and Allied Sciences. It highlights latest developments in the field of science and technology aimed at improving health and safety in the workplace. The volume comprises content from leading scientists, engineers, and policy makers discussing issues relating to industrial safety, fire hazards and their management in industry, forests and other settings. Also dealt with are issues of occupational health in engineering, process and agricultural industry and protection against incidents of arson and terror attacks. The contents of this volume will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and policy makers alike.

This book covers the entire spectrum of green diesel and their applications in existing CI engines. This book discusses how a green diesel is a better fuel than biodiesel and petrodiesel and more suitable fuels for sustainable future development. The book begins with a concise overview of the fundamentals of the green diesel properties, preparation, and characterization of green diesel using hydroprocessing technology. The book covers recent developments in the domain of green diesel derived particularly from the second-/third-generation feedstocks. Various topics covered in this book include the catalysts involved in the processing of green diesel, characterization of the products as per ASTM/EN protocols. In addition, the book also illustrates characteristic features of green diesel and how it is different from biodiesel and petrodiesel. Other chapters cover performance and emission characteristics of green diesel in CI engines and techno-economic analysis. Moreover, the current status of green diesel industries is also incorporated. This book is of particular interest to graduate students and academic or industrial researchers/professionals working in the area of green diesel/green energy, bioenergy and mechanical, automobile, and chemical engineering. This book makes a forceful foundation for the establishment of green diesel refineries/biorefineries for a sustainable, cleaner, and greener future.

For courses in General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Active learning, an increased focus on clinical examples, updates based on current teaching and research findings, and digital innovations designed to engage and personalise students' experience make Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry simply the best choice for students with a future in allied health. With the 8th Edition, the authors make learning chemistry a more active experience through features designed to get students doing chemistry. Every chapter features Hands on Chemistry sections that deepen students' understanding of chemistry by having them perform elementary experiments with everyday household items. Group Problemsat the end of every chapter are designed for in-class use and motivate students toward higher level thinking, such as how concepts fit together and how to apply these concepts in a clinical application. All of the chapter openers, including many of the Chemistry in Action boxes and end-of-chapter problems, have been rewritten for a stronger clinical focus that provides more relevance to allied health majors.

This book reviews the structure-function relationship of nucleic acids, their role in the pathophysiology of the diseases, and as therapeutic targets for human diseases. The chapters discuss the role of nucleic acids in inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The book also describes recent advancements in nucleic acid-based therapy, the application of nucleic acids in diagnostics, in the development of nano-carriers, logic gates, and sensors. It explores the use of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) as a unique and multifunctional platform for numerous applications, including therapeutics, diagnostics, nanodevices, and materials. It further examines the role of DNA methylation, histone modifiers and readers, chromatin remodelers, microRNAs, and other components of chromatin in the progression of cancer. The book also discusses the applications of nucleic acid as a vaccine and as a gene-editing tool. It also provides an overview of the clinical trials using genome editing platforms for disease treatment and the challenges in implementing the editing technology. Finally, the book elucidates a representative description of challenges associated with nucleic acid-mediated therapy. ​

Protein Homeostasis in Drug Discovery Comprehensive resource on all aspects of protein homeostasis, covering both historical perspectives and emerging technologies that are revolutionizing the field Protein Homeostasis in Drug Discovery highlights drug discovery and development efforts targeting protein homeostasis and considers the emerging appreciation that a protein's activity may not be the only factor to consider when developing therapeutic agents. The chapters cover various aspects of protein homeostasis such as cellular localization, abundance, interactions, and more. Moreover, the text contains up-to-date information regarding targeted protein degradation, an emerging drug discovery modality. Readers interested in targeting different regulatory events that control protein homeostasis or modulating protein abundance will find this book an excellent resource. Furthermore, those interested in the link between biological function and regulating protein levels in living organisms, especially in the context of drug discovery, will learn from numerous examples discussed in this book. In Protein Homeostasis in Drug Discovery, readers can expect to find information on: Protein folding, quality control, pharmacology, and drug targeting processes Recent advances in our understanding of protein homeostasis, covering emerging technologies and opportunities for therapeutic intervention Targeted protein degradation (TPD) and strategies such as PROTACs and molecular glues, including a chapter on TPD as an antiviral drug discovery strategy Drug discovery and development efforts aimed at correcting, stabilizing, and rescuing proteins, with examples included Advantages and key shortcomings of both phenotypic and target-based traditional drug discovery methods Collectively, Protein Homeostasis in Drug Discovery offers the reader an opportunity to learn more about the importance of considering and targeting protein homeostasis. The text is a must-read resource for academics, professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, and advanced students in various science-related fields.

This book was conceived as a way to disseminate information about successful NSF-sponsored Chemistry Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Sites. Eleven chapters describe specific REU sites and one chapter describes the Chemistry REU Leadership Group. The authors have shared the expertise they acquired from a broad range of approaches, multi-disciplinary collaborations, and multi-institutional collaborations. Each author contributes distinctive and partially overlapping perspectives into the complex factors that result in running a successful summer research program. Half of the authors participated in a symposium titled "Best Practices for Chemistry REU Programs" at the spring 2017 national meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS). Each described their program's distinctive features in the context of their overall summer experience, such as the integration of deaf and hearing impaired, coordination of an international program, and multi-institutional programs. The other half of the authors participated in one of the symposia hosted by the Chemistry REU Leadership Group at spring ACS national meetings between 2013 and 2016. Each of these symposia focused on a different aspect of successful REU programs. These authors describe excellent models for professional development and mentor training workshops among many others. This book hopes to provide undergraduate research advisors at universities across the nation with information they need to design more thoughtful and beneficial college undergraduate research programs for their majors, and to provide investigators with useful information to write more effective proposals that will fund more summer research programs.

Cancer will remain a global major health problem unless new diagnostic, prognostic, and management approaches are discovered to address both loss of life and quality of life. Here we summarize the general physiology, pathology, heterogeneity, and evolution of cancer, current status, limitations and challenges associated with prevention, incidence, treatment, survival, and mortality, as well as future directions with regards to solid tumors. Perspectives are provided on how to improve pre-clinical understandings, outcomes, and patient care. Further, this comprehensive, timely overview of the literature has educational value as part of an academic course, seminar, or as a supplementary text. Features : This book summarizes the current status, successes, difficulties, advancements, limitations, and challenges in medical interventions that impact patients' quality of life. Includes concise descriptions of all relevant cell and molecular biology concepts including evolutionary paradigms, hallmarks of cancer, and heterogeneity to help understand the pathophysiology of cancer, cancer-associated disease conditions, and effective cancer therapy. Contains an array of colorful figures and schematics summarizing complex informative pathological, physiological, and biochemical concepts. Covers a multitude of sub-topics pertaining to cancer biology including diagnosis; chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy; metastasis; disseminated and circulating tumor cells, and cancer stem cells; drug resistance and cellular reprogramming; complex epigenetics; tumor-derived exosomes; oncogenic viruses; metabolic syndrome and cancer metabolism; convoluted neovascularization; efficient biomarkers; immunotherapy; role of nutraceuticals and natural products. Provides perspectives on how to improve pre-clinical understandings, and outcomes, linking toxicological, and pharmacological aspects in patient care. This timely, relevant comprehensive assortment of scientific literature has educational value to a wider audience including as part of an academic course, seminar, or as a supplementary text.

Cancer will remain a global major health problem unless new diagnostic, prognostic, and management approaches are discovered to address both loss of life and quality of life. Here we summarize the general physiology, pathology, heterogeneity, and evolution of cancer, current status, limitations and challenges associated with prevention, incidence, treatment, survival, and mortality, as well as future directions with regards to solid tumors. Perspectives are provided on how to improve pre-clinical understandings, outcomes, and patient care. Further, this comprehensive, timely overview of the literature has educational value as part of an academic course, seminar, or as a supplementary text. Features : This book summarizes the current status, successes, difficulties, advancements, limitations, and challenges in medical interventions that impact patients' quality of life. Includes concise descriptions of all relevant cell and molecular biology concepts including evolutionary paradigms, hallmarks of cancer, and heterogeneity to help understand the pathophysiology of cancer, cancer-associated disease conditions, and effective cancer therapy. Contains an array of colorful figures and schematics summarizing complex informative pathological, physiological, and biochemical concepts. Covers a multitude of sub-topics pertaining to cancer biology including diagnosis; chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy; metastasis; disseminated and circulating tumor cells, and cancer stem cells; drug resistance and cellular reprogramming; complex epigenetics; tumor-derived exosomes; oncogenic viruses; metabolic syndrome and cancer metabolism; convoluted neovascularization; efficient biomarkers; immunotherapy; role of nutraceuticals and natural products. Provides perspectives on how to improve pre-clinical understandings, and outcomes, linking toxicological, and pharmacological aspects in patient care. This timely, relevant comprehensive assortment of scientific literature has educational value to a wider audience including as part of an academic course, seminar, or as a supplementary text.

This book reviews work that covers everything from basic chemistry to advanced applications. Chitin and chitosan are used in a plethora of applications from wastewater treatment to prosthetics. After introducing the subject of polysaccharides as a whole, the authors turn to the preparation of chitin and chitosan and the characterization of the latter. The book provides information on chitin chemistry, extraction of chitin, chitosan preparation processes, and the applications of their derivatives in various fields. Among the applications that are included in detail are the adsorption of heavy metals for pollution prevention and clean-up, biosensors, cosmetics, various medical applications from anti-tumor activity to bone tissue engineering, agriculture and food production, and proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Chitin and Chitosan features: * information on molecular structure, synthesis, properties, and latest research related to chitin and chitosan; * coverage of a wide range of topics from the properties of chitosan to its derivatives and applications; * in-depth information on biomedical applications of chitin and chitosan; and * information that can be applied to other biopolymer processing engineering areas. This book will be of interest to practitioners working in a wide variety of industries for which chitin and chitosan are useful materials, researchers in biosensors and heavy-metal adsorption, and to academic researchers investigating the properties, preparation, and uses of these materials.

The success of two membrane processes, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, has helped make membrane processes a central technique in solving separation problems for fluid systems. This book discusses the various applications and developments in membrane technology and shows how accurate membrane processes can be designed. Starting with the local transport phenomena, the behavior of individual elements such as tube or plate membranes and the behavior of the technical unit----the module----are discussed in detail. The book goes on to demonstrate the most effective ways of arranging modules for forming an optimal plant.

For the millions who remain curious about the world around them, but gained little from science at school, this book offers a way forward. Based on live discussions with adults from all walks of life, each chapter begins with an everyday experience, like swallowing a pill or watching a bee on a flower. The main scientific ideas underlying each topic are then explored, so that understanding of a set of fundamental concepts builds up gradually throughout the book. In contrast to more traditional approaches to science learning, topics range freely across the subject areas. The story of Covid, for example includes aspects of biology, chemistry, mathematics and social behaviour. Plain English is used throughout and mathematical expressions are avoided. Key points are illustrated with clear diagrams and photographs. By drawing on questions and perspectives of ordinary people, the book offers an introduction to basic ideas in science as a whole, rather than any one particular subject. For the adult wishing to make good a gap in their understanding it provides a starting point for entering the rich world of popular science.