This book highlights the concept of water footprint in different industrial sectors such as leather tanning, steel, agriculture, textile and wine. One of the very basic necessities of life which is soon going to be scarce is water, hence the environmental footprint assessments on any scale essentially includes water footprint which is being measured in various supply chains and across different product categories. According to ISO 14046, the water footprint assessment refers to the total freshwater volume consumed and polluted directly or indirectly across a product's end-to-end supply chain. This book presents, for industry purposes, the focus on identification and quantification of water trade, the scarcity, and pollution involved in the production of goods and services.

The migration of substances from packaging to food is a matter of concern for the food safety authorities, and packaging materials constitute a potential source of contaminants to which the consumer will be exposed to through their diet. A huge variety of substances can be present in packaging materials, which could consequently migrate into food and represent a risk to consumer health. Food Contamination by Packaging provides an overview of the main packaging contaminants including Bisphenol A, melamine, phthalates, alternative plasticisers, photoinitiators, perfluorochemicals, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons (mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons) from mineral oils, other bisphenol-related compounds, nanoparticles, primary aromatic amines and nonintentionally added substances. The analytical techniques used for their determination are reviewed. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in universities and research institutions associated with food packaging and, in general, to the food safety sector.

Global warming and its effects are felt and understood by almost every one across the globe now. Carbon footprint calculation and mitigation in different industrial sectors is the need of the hour. There are numerous industrial sectors, whose carbon footprints need to be calculated and the ways to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions from those sectors need to be started with immediate effect. This book highlights case studies involving the carbon footprints of municipal solid waste, sustainable road transport and Carbon footprint accounting of sources and sinks by studying carbon sequestration of Karnataka, a state in India.

Urbanization, industrialization, and unethical agricultural practices have considerably negative effects on the environment, flora, fauna, and the health and safety of humanity. Over the last decade, green chemistry research has focused on discovering and utilizing safer, more environmentally friendly processes to synthesize products like organic compounds, inorganic compounds, medicines, proteins, enzymes, and food supplements. These green processes exist in other interdisciplinary fields of science and technology, like chemistry, physics, biology, and biotechnology, Still the majority of processes in these fields use and generate toxic raw materials, resulting in techniques and byproducts which damage the environment. Green chemistry principles, alternatively, consider preventing waste generation altogether, the atom economy, using less toxic raw materials and solvents, and opting for reducing environmentally damaging byproducts through energy efficiency. Green chemistry is, therefore, the most important field relating to the sustainable development of resources without harmfully impacting the environment. This book provides in-depth research on the use of green chemistry principles for a number of applications.

A modern approach to enzyme kinetics and its applications

As catalysts for the majority of metabolic and biochemical reactions in the body, enzymes are important drug targets as well as useful synthetic catalysts. Enzyme kinetics is the study of the speed of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and provides useful knowledge that aids in the design of enzyme-based processes. A. G. Marangoni’s Enzyme Kinetics: A Modern Approach provides a practical, how-to guide for students, technicians, and nonspecialists to evaluate enzyme kinetics, using common software packages to perform easy enzymatic analyses.

The treatment of enzyme kinetics in this book is radically different from the way the topic is traditionally covered. Marangoni stresses an understanding of how researchers arrive at models, what the models’ limitations are, and how they can be used in practical ways to analyze enzyme kinetic data. With the advent of computers, linear transformations of models have become unnecessary–Enzyme Kinetics does away with all linear transformations of enzyme kinetic models, advancing the use of nonlinear regression techniques. Marangoni develops new ways to carry out analyses of enzyme kinetic data, particularly in the study of pH effects on catalytic activity and multisubstrate enzymes. Other topics addressed include:

• Tools and techniques of kinetic analysis
• Reversible and irreversible enzyme inhibition
• Multisite and cooperative enzymes
• Immobilized and interfacial enzymes
• Characterization of enzyme stability

Enzyme Kinetics is a handy, innovative resource for practicing researchers in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food science industries.

This book discusses the concepts, methods and case studies pertaining to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based Carbon Footprint Assessment. It covers chapters on Carbon Footprint Assessment with LCA methodology & case studies on carbon footprint calculation following the LCA approach on power plants in India, Impacts of Vehicle Incidents On CO2 Emissions and school buildings in India.

The increased demand due to anthropogenic activity leads to emerging contaminants, resulting in a substantial environmental hazard. The long-term presence and exposure of contaminants lead to severe negative impacts on the environment, humans, and other life forms. Hence, emerging contaminants in the environment is a worldwide concern, and new technologies to mitigate these contaminants are being developed. This book covers the source, occurrence, toxicity, and detection techniques of a wide range of emerging contaminants. This collection also discusses the scope and applications of diverse techniques, including Bio/Phyto and Nano-remediation technologies, to mitigate the emerging contaminants; along with their sustainability issue and prospects. As a result, this book appears to provide insight into several modern and environmentally friendly waste management options, the possibility to minimize and lessen the effects of contaminants, and striving to lower toxicological endpoints to assure environmental safety. This book delivers the most recent advancements by prominent specialists in environmental sciences to academics, researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the identification and eradication of emerging pollutants from the environment.

Presents current research in AOP techniques along with hybrid technologies Covers latest advances in technological know-how for remediation of wastewater soiled with micropollutants Discusses pressing environmental pollution issues associated with AOPs needed for wastewater remediation Presents future perspective as well as techno-economic analysis in implementing various AOPs Reviews strategies to limit the micropollutants in water bodies

Themodernbillion-dollardrug-discoveryprocessstronglyreliesonbothhi- throughput synthesis and screening methods. Whereas the latter is based on molecular biological methods, the ef?cient and reliable generation of c- pound collections often makes use of combinatorial chemistry. Discovered in the 1980s, this methodology was explored extensively in the 1990s by groups in academia and in industry. Without any doubt, combinatorial chemistry changed the whole drug-discovery process and found many applications in cropscience and the material sciences. However, since its implementation, solution- and solid-phase techniques have been competing with each other, and although many companies started theircombinatorialchemistryprogramwithsolid-phasetechniques,soluti- phase combinatorial methods have taken over and now account for appro- mately 25% of all combinatorial efforts. The syntheses of complex, non-polymeric structures, discovered in the 1960s by the late Bruce Merri?eld, was largely ignored in the context of solid supports, mainly due to the fact that appropriate synthesis techniques were not available. Since solid-phase chemical methodology strongly differs from traditional solution-phase chemistry, two chapters deal with this topic. The Brase group (Jung, Wiehn, Brase) gives an overview of multifunctional linkers, which can beusedforthegenerationofdiversity-orientedcollections,simplybycleavage fromresins. Still in its infancy, solid-phase reactions employ "simple" amide chemistry in most cases due to their high-yielding, reliable protocols. Ljungdahl, Br- ?eld, and Kann address solid-phase organometallic chemistry, which is now one ofthe great challenges in reliable solid-phase organicsynthesis.

With the 7th Edition of Analytical Chemistry renowned chemists, Purnendu (Sandy) Dasgupta and Kevin Schug, both of the University of Texas Arlington, join the author team. The new edition focuses on more in-depth coverage of the principles and techniques of quantitative analysis and instrumental analysis (aka Analytical Chemistry). The goal of the text is to provide a foundation of the analytical process, tools, and computational methods and resources, and to illustrate with problems that bring realism to the practice and importance of analytical chemistry. It is designed for undergraduate college students majoring in chemistry and in fields related to chemistry.

This book describes fresh approaches to compression technology. The authors describe in detail where, why, and how these can be of value to process plants. As such plants have become ever larger and more complex, more technology-intensive solutions have had to be developed for process machinery. The best practices that have emerged to address these requirements are assembled in this book.

PREFACE: The preparation of this book was undertaken because it was felt that there was need of a work dealing primarily with the chemical aspects of the pulp and paper industry and embodying under one cover the results of recent investigations along this line. The endeavor has been to include all details which the chemist should have to enable him to grasp the methods of manufacture, but it is not intended to be a treatise on paper making in all its mechanical phases, and in fact the mechanical features of the industry are discussed only in so far as they are necessary for a satisfactory understanding of the chemistry involved. It has been written chiefly with the idea of helping the young technical man, whether chemist or chemical engineer, and it has therefore been assumed that the reader has a fair knowledge of the elements of chemistry. At the same time it has been attempted to write as simply and plainly as possible and it is believed that any one connected with the pulp and paper industry will find it helpful and suggestive. The subject matter has been collected from personal notes and experiences during the authors twenty years service as chemist in the industry, as well as from a careful review of the literature relating to the subject. The latter is often contra- dictory in the extreme and in certain cases it has proved almost impossible to reconcile conflicting statements. In such cases both sides of the argument have been presented as fairly as possible. It is peculiar to the industry that there are usually a large number of variable factors which influence any one operation, and since it is practically impossible to control all of these variables it necessarily follows thatresults in different mills will not be in harmony. For this reason it is expected that the observant reader will find statements to which he will take exceptions, but such differences of opinion are often desirable since they indicate lines of investigation which will lead to a better understanding of many things present obscure. which are at Regarding the methods of analysis and testing which are given it may be said that the attempt has been made to include all which are necessary for routine work in controlling opera- tions. There are many occasional analyses which it is necessary to make during special investigations, but it is impractical to include all of these and for such methods reference must be made to the numerous standard text-books of analytical procedure. L. Merrill Acknowledgment is made of the assistance of Mr. J. on the subject of Straw and also of that of my associates at the mills of S. D. Warren Company, whose encouragement has helped to overcome many difficulties. I am also indebted to the publishers ofVan Nostrands Chem- ical Annual for a number of the tables which will be found in the appendix. Contents include: CHAPTER I PAGE CELLULOSE Physiological and Physical. Composition and Constitution. Cellulose and Water. Solvents. Cellulose and Salts. Decomposition by Acids, Alkalis, Oxidants, Ferments and Heat. Compounds, Nitrates, Gun- Cotton, Nitrites, Acetates, Sulphuric Esters. Mixed Esters, Benzoates, Formates, Alkali-Cellulose. Sulpho-Carbonates. Groups of Celluloses. Compound Celluloses. Methods of Determination. CHAPTER II FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS t . . . 34 The Vegetable Cell. Seed Hairs. Bast Fibres. Fibres from Whole Stems. Woods. Length of Fibres. Densitiesand Composition of Woods. Bark and Knots. Decay. Woods used in Pulp Making. Bulk of Raw Materials. CHAPTER III RAGS, ESPARTO, STRAW, BAMBOO 68 Grades of Rags. Dusting. Boiling. Boilers. Losses. Esparto. Cleaning. Boilers. Cooking. Bleaching. Alkali Recovery. Straw. Com- position. Cooking with Lime. Soda Cooks. Bamboo. Sources. Analyses. Cooking...

The book presents a sequential approach for the treatment of dye wastewater, presenting state-of-the-art techniques based on recent findings. The release of these dyes into the environment is a major threat due to their toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity and their biotransformation products. It has been at least two decades since researchers have been trying to find interactions between dye molecules and water media, and find new purification methods. This book plays an important role in this field by highlighting the cutting edge results in dye removal and remediation, and discusses in detail the application of various physical, chemical, and biological techniques for the removal of pollutants from water.

This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with updated research and techniques to help laboratory workers design and implement a successful purification strategy, emphasize critical aspects on practical problems, and answers questions encountered at the lab bench. The chapters in this book are divided into five parts: Part One discusses an overview of screening and design of purification strategies and covers initial aspects on high-throughput screening, methods development, and media selection; Parts Two and Three explore low- and high-resolution methods, with emphasis on affinity chromatography; Part Four describes analytical techniques of purified proteins; and Part Five presents selected examples and case studies to discuss the aforementioned. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive, Protein Downstream Processing: Design, Development, and Application of High and Low-Resolution Methods, Second Edition is an ideal source of information to advanced students, junior researchers, and scientists involved in health sciences, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, and other related areas in both academia and industry.

This book presents the theoretical and experimental investigations on antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnets and reveals new aspects of ferrimagnetic dynamics in terms of the role of angular momentum. The purpose of this book is to show readers that antiferromagnets/ferrimagnets are useful in spintronic devices in that (1) The non adiabatic spin transfer torque in antiferromagnets acts as a staggered magnetic field, which can drive the magnetic domain walls, and (2) The Gilbert damping parameter , the energy dissipation rate associated with the magnetic dynamics of ferrimagnets, is insensitive to temperature in contrast to the conventional understanding that the effective of ferrimagnets diverges at the angular momentum compensation temperature. This book provides readers with a scientific platform of ferrimagnetic dynamics, which serves as a useful basis for realizing the next generation of spintronic devices.

This book reviews new promising drug targets for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), with a special focus on antiprotozoal drugs against trpyanosomatids Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent studied targets, and it outlines classical and new treatments and delivery strategies. Expert contributors describe new methods of analysis and bio-prospecting for new compounds, and provide a critical perspective of the translational process used in the research and development of new drug candidates. The book will appeal not only to researchers, students and professionals interested in drug development to protozoan diseases, but also to medicinal chemists in general.

The new edition of the bestselling guide to the issues students will encounter in the study of social policy in both the UK and abroad Fully updated and expanded, the sixth edition of The Student's Companion to Social Policy remains the most accessible and comprehensive review of UK and comparative social policy available for undergraduate students. Written and edited by leading experts in the field, this authoritative textbook covers all the perspectives, debates, issues and challenges in both the theory and practice of social policy. The latest edition reflects the most recent developments in the discipline and in social policy-making. New and revised chapters examine critical topics such as the policy agenda of the UK government elected in 2019 and the implications of globalization, climate change, Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. A wealth of new and revised illustrative material, including additional problem-centred review and assignment questions, enhance students' learning and comprehension whilst encouraging them to reflect on and reconsider the issues raised in each social policy discussion. A timely, issue-driven overview for students to draw upon throughout their studies, this acclaimed textbook: Provides the analytical foundation necessary to investigate and evaluate the key concepts and perspectives central to the study of social policy Presents up-to-date coverage of policy formation and outcomes, national and international debates and the challenges and choices facing societies Features new and revised coverage of key issues including international and comparative developments, austerity and post-austerity policies in the UK and devolved administrations, public attitudes to welfare and sustainability challenges Offers a range of pedagogical tools such as boxed 5-point summary overviews, "Emerging Issues" sections, guides to further resources and chapter review questions The Student's Companion to Social Policy, Sixth Edition is essential reading for all those on Social Policy courses, whether specialising in the subject or studying it as part of another programme across the social sciences at undergraduate or postgraduate level.

Unique new approaches for making chemistry accessible to diverse students

Students' interest and achievement in academics improve dramatically when they make connections between what they are learning and the potential uses of that knowledge i n the workplace and/or in the world at large. "Making Chemistry Relevant" presents a unique collection of strategies that have been used successfully in chemistry classrooms to create a learner-sensitive environment that enhances academic achievement and social competence of students.

Rejecting rote memorization, the book proposes a cognitive constructivist philosophy that casts the teacher as a facilitator helping students to construct solutions to problems. Written by chemistry professors and research groups from a wide variety of colleges and universities, the book offers a number of creative ways to make chemistry relevant to the student, including:

Teaching science in the context of major life issues and STEM professions

Relating chemistry to current events such as global warming, pollution, and terrorism

Integrating science research into the undergraduate laboratory curriculum

Enriching the learning experience for students with a variety of learning styles as well as accommodating the visually challenged students

Using media, hypermedia, games, and puzzles in the teaching of chemistry

Both novice and experienced faculty alike will find valuable ideas ready to be applied and adapted to enhance the learning experience of "all" their students.

Phyto-pathogens are one of the dominating components which badly affect crop production. In light of the global food demand, sustainable agricultural plans utilizing agrochemicals became necessary. The role of beneficial microbes in the defense priming of host plants has been well documented. This book details new aspects of microbial-assisted plant protection and their role in agricultural production, economy, and environmental sustainability.

This book provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent advances in the field of carbon composite catalysts, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbons, graphitic carbon nitrides, and related composites. Special focus is placed on their controllable preparation and applications in the gas phase, liquid phase, electrochemical, and photocatalytic reactions, as well as defect and surface chemistry-related catalytic activities of carbon materials. Some perspectives are highlighted on the development of more efficient carbonaceous catalysts featuring high stability, low cost, optimized structures, and enhanced performance, which are the key factors to accelerate the designed preparation and commercialization of carbon composite catalysts. The book will also present the latest studies of carbon-based composite catalysts for clean energy change and storage, nature protection, and essential industrial production and storage and include the key challenges and future opportunities in this exciting field.

This book is part of a set of books which offers advanced students successive characterization tool phases, the study of all types of phase (liquid, gas and solid, pure or multi-component), process engineering, chemical and electrochemical equilibria, and the properties of surfaces and phases of small sizes. Macroscopic and microscopic models are in turn covered with a constant correlation between the two scales. Particular attention has been given to the rigor of mathematical developments. This second volume in the set is devoted to the study of liquid phases.

This book provides basic and practical techniques of parallel computing and related methods of numerical analysis for researchers who conduct numerical calculation and simulation. Although the techniques provided in this book are field-independent, these methods can be used in fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, earth sciences, space science, meteorology, disaster prevention, and manufacturing. In particular, those who develop software code in these areas will find this book useful. The contents are suitable for graduate students and researchers in computational science rather than novices at programming or informed experts in computer science.Starting with an introduction to the recent trends in computer architecture and parallel processing, Chapter 1 explains the basic knowledge of speedup programs with simple examples of numerical computing. Chapters 2 - 4 detail the basics of parallel programming, the message passing interface (MPI), and OpenMP and discuss hybrid parallelization techniques. Showing an actual example of adaptation, Chapter 5 gives an overview of performance tuning and communication optimizations. To deal with dense matrix calculations, Chapter 6 details the basics and practice of linear algebra calculation libraries BLAS and LAPACK, including some examples that can be easily reproduced by readers using free software. Focusing on sparse matrix calculations, Chapter 7 explains high performance algorithms for numerical linear algebra. Chapter 8 introduces the fast Fourier transform in large-scale systems from the basics. Chapter 9 explains optimization and related topics such as debug methods and version control systems. Chapter 10 discusses techniques for increasing computation accuracy as an essential topic in numerical calculation. This is the first of the two volumes that grew out of a series of lectures in the K computer project in Japan. The second volume will focus on advanced techniques and examples of applications in materials science.

This booklet presents learning material based on the manufacture and uses of sodium carbonate made by the Solvay process.
The photocopiable worksheets are suitable for pre- and post-16 students. Their aim is to encourage the students to apply chemical principles in an unfamiliar context. Teachers' notes are also included.