Digital Electronics

Anil K. Maini

Laser Science and Technology Center, Delhi, India

The fundamentals and implementation of digital electronics are essential to understanding the design and working of consumer/industrial electronics, communications, embedded systems, computers, security and military equipment.

Devices used in applications such as these are constantly decreasing in size and employing more complex technology. It is therefore essential for engineers and students to understand the fundamentals, implementation and application principles of digital electronics, devices and integrated circuits. This is so that they can use the most appropriate and effective technique to suit their technical need.

This book provides practical and comprehensive coverage of digital electronics, bringing together information on fundamental theory, operational aspects and potential applications. With worked problems, examples, and review questions for each chapter, "Digital Electronics" includes:

information on number systems, binary codes, digital arithmetic, logic gates and families, and Boolean algebra;

an in-depth look at multiplexers, de-multiplexers, devices for arithmetic operations, flip-flops and related devices, counters and registers, and data conversion circuits;

up-to-date coverage of recent application fields, such as programmable logic devices, microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital troubleshooting and digital instrumentation.

A comprehensive, must-read book on digital electronics for senior undergraduate and graduate students of electrical, electronics and computer engineering, and a valuable reference book for professionals andresearchers.

Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology Explore current challenges and the latest technologies in biofuel production In Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology, a team of engineers and chemists delivers a thorough and accessible exploration of the source of renewable energy biofuels poised to help conserve natural resources and limit the impact of fossil fuel use. The book offers detailed information about the challenges and trends in biodiesel production and includes contributions from leading researchers in the field of biodiesel production. Readers will explore aviation biofuels, biofuel production technologies, reactor design and safety considerations, and the modelling and simulation of biofuel production as they move through the book's 14 chapters. The authors also analyze the performance of biofuels along with cost estimations and mathematical modeling of various process parameters. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to biofuels, including their history, generation, classification, and relevant technologies In-depth presentations of the production technologies of biofuels, including chemical and biological production processes Comprehensive explorations of the utilization of biofuels in aviation, including performance analyses and safety considerations Fulsome discussions of key issues and challenges in biofuels production pathways and the environmental effects of biofuels Perfect for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the biofuels, bioenergy, catalysis, and materials science sectors, Sustainability in Biofuel Production Technology will also be suitable for members of regulatory bodies in the bioenergy sector.

Mobile Robotics presents the different tools and methods that enable the design of mobile robots; a discipline booming with the emergence of flying drones, underwater mine-detector robots, robot sailboats and vacuum cleaners. Illustrated with simulations, exercises and examples, this book describes the fundamentals of modeling robots, developing the concepts of actuators, sensors, control and guidance. Three-dimensional simulation tools are also explored, as well as the theoretical basis for the reliable localization of robots within their environment. This revised and updated edition contains additional exercises and a completely new chapter on the Bayes filter, an observer that enhances our understanding of the Kalman filter and facilitates certain proofs.

A practical, programming-centered approach to component-based software development

Component-oriented programming (COP) is rapidly becoming a mainstream programming paradigm, offering higher reusability and better modular structure with greater flexibility than object-oriented or library-based programming approaches. Component-Oriented Programming offers a unique programming-centered approach to component-based software development that delivers the well-developed training and practices needed to successfully apply this cost-effective method.

Following an overview of basic theories and methodologies, the authors provide a unified component infrastructure for building component software using JavaBeans, EJB, OSGi, CORBA, CCM, .NET, and Web services.

Readers learn how to: Develop reusable software components Build a software system of pre-built software components Design and implement a component-based software system using various programming-centered approaches

Throughout the text, step-by-step guides and self-review questions for each new component technology encourage hands-on practice. Clear organization and self-testing features make Component-Oriented Programming an ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate courses in computer science, software engineering, or information technology, as well as a valuable reference for industry professionals.

MODERN FERRITES, Volume 2 A robust exploration of the basic principles of ferrimagnetic and their applications In Modern Ferrites: Volume 2, renowned researcher and educator, Vincent G. Harris delivers a comprehensive overview of ferrimagnetic phenomena and discussions of select applications of modern ferrite materials in emerging technologies and applications. Volume 2 explores fundamental properties of ferrite systems, including their structure, chemistry, and magnetism, as well as practical applications, such as permanent magnets; inductors, inverters, and filters; and their use in emerging applications as metamaterials, multiferroics, and biomedical technologies. In addition to the properties of ferrites, the included resources explore the processing, structure, and property relationships in ferrites as nanoparticles, thin and thick films, compacts, and crystals. The authors discuss how these relationships are key to realizing practical device applications laying the foundation for next generation communications, radar, sensing, and biomedical technologies. This volume includes: A comprehensive review of ferrite discoveries and impacts upon ancient cultures, their scientific evolution, and societal benefits; Discussion of the origins of magnetism in ferrimagnetic oxides including superexchange theory, GKA-rules, and recent developments in density functional theory; In-depth examination of ferrite power conversion and conditioning components and their processing as low temperature co-fired ceramics; Ferrite-based electromagnetic interference suppression and electromagnetic absorption; Nonlinear microwave devices; multiferroic and emerging magnetoelectric devices; Biomedical applications of ferrite nanoparticles Perfect for RF engineers and magnetitians working in the fields of RF electronics, radar, communications, and spintronics as well as other emerging technologies. Modern Ferrites will earn a place on the bookshelves of engineers and scientists interested in the ever-expanding technologies reliant upon ferrite materials and new processing methodologies. Modern Ferrites Volume 1: Basic Principles, Processing and Properties is also available (ISBN: 9781118971468).

Written by the world 's most prominent microprocessor design leaders from industry and academia, this book provides complete coverage of all aspects of complex microprocessor design: technology, power management, clocking, high-performance architecture, design methodologies, memory and I/O design, computer aided design, testing and design for testability. The chapters provide state-of-the-art knowledge while including sufficient tutorial material to bring non-experts up to speed. A useful companion to design engineers working in related areas.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of recently developed methods for assessing and optimizing system reliability. It consists of two main parts, for treating assessment methods and optimization methods, respectively. The first part covers methods of multi-state system reliability modelling and evaluation, Markov processes, Monte Carlo simulation and uncertainty analysis. The methods considered range from piecewise-deterministic Markov processes to belief function analysis. The second part covers optimization methods of mathematical programming and evolutionary algorithms, and problems of multi-objective optimization and optimization under uncertainty. The methods of this part range from non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to robust optimization. The book also includes the application of the assessment and optimization methods considered on real case studies, particularly with respect to the reliability assessment and optimization of renewable energy systems, and bridges the gap between theoretical method development and engineering practice.

A practical, step-by-step guide to designing world-class, high availability systems using both classical and DFSS reliability techniques

Whether designing telecom, aerospace, automotive, medical, financial, or public safety systems, every engineer aims for the utmost reliability and availability in the systems he, or she, designs. But between the dream of world-class performance and reality falls the shadow of complexities that can bedevil even the most rigorous design process. While there are an array of robust predictive engineering tools, there has been no single-source guide to understanding and using them . . . until now.

Offering a case-based approach to designing, predicting, and deploying world-class high-availability systems from the ground up, this book brings together the best classical and DFSS reliability techniques. Although it focuses on technical aspects, this guide considers the business and market constraints that require that systems be designed right the first time.

Written in plain English and following a step-by-step "cookbook" format, "Designing High Availability Systems: "Shows how to integrate an array of design/analysis tools, including Six Sigma, Failure Analysis, and Reliability AnalysisFeatures many real-life examples and case studies describing predictive design methods, tradeoffs, risk priorities, "what-if" scenarios, and moreDelivers numerous high-impact takeaways that you can apply to your current projects immediatelyProvides access to MATLAB(R) programs for simulating problem sets presented, along with PowerPoint slides to assist in outlining the problem-solving process

"Designing High Availability Systems" is an indispensable working resource for system engineers, software/hardware architects, and project teams working in all industries.

AUTONOMOUS AIRBORNE WIRELESS NETWORKS Discover what lies beyond the bleeding-edge of autonomous airborne networks with this authoritative new resource Autonomous Airborne Wireless Networks delivers an insightful exploration on recent advances in the theory and practice of using airborne wireless networks to provide emergency communications, coverage and capacity expansion, information dissemination, and more. The distinguished engineers and editors have selected resources that cover the fundamentals of airborne networks, including channel models, recent regulation developments, self-organized networking, AI-enabled flying networks, and notable applications in a variety of industries. The book evaluates advances in the cutting-edge of unmanned aerial vehicle wireless network technology while offering readers new ideas on how airborne wireless networks can support various applications expected of future networks. The rapidly developing field is examined from a fresh perspective, one not just concerned with ideas of control, trajectory optimization, and navigation. Autonomous Airborne Wireless Networks considers several potential use cases for the technology and demonstrates how it can be integrated with concepts from self-organized network technology and artificial intelligence to deliver results in those cases. Readers will also enjoy: A thorough discussion of distributed drone base station positioning for emergency cellular networks using reinforcement learning (AI-enabled trajectory optimization) An exploration of unmanned aerial vehicle-to-wearables (UAV2W) indoor radio propagation channel measurements and modelling An up-to-date treatment of energy minimization in UAV trajectory design for delay tolerant emergency communication Examinations of cache-enabled UAVs, 3D MIMO for airborne networks, and airborne networks for Internet of Things communications Perfect for telecom engineers and industry professionals working on identifying practical and efficient concepts tailored to overcome challenges facing unmanned aerial vehicles providing wireless communications, Autonomous Airborne Wireless Networks also has a place on the bookshelves of stakeholders, regulators, and research agencies working on the latest developments in UAV communications.

Regardless of whether your taste is heavy metal, hip-hop, or classical, this book will show you how to set up, operate, and maintain a working home recording studio. Learn to choose the right equipment for your music, produce audio for the Internet or a CD, and even get construction tips for building an optimal recording environment.

Supply chains for electronic products are primarily driven by consumer electronics. Every year new mobile phones, computers and gaming consoles are introduced, driving the continued applicability of Moore's law. The semiconductor manufacturing industry is highly dynamic and releases new, better and cheaper products day by day. But what happens to long-field life products like airplanes or ships, which need the same components for decades? How do electronic and also non-electronic systems that need to be manufactured and supported of decades manage to continue operation using parts that were available for a few years at most? This book attempts to answer these questions.

This is the only book on the market that covers obsolescence forecasting methodologies, including forecasting tactics for hardware and software that enable cost-effective proactive product life-cycle management. This book describes how to implement a comprehensive obsolescence management system within diverse companies. "Strategies to the Prediction, Mitigation and Management of Product Obsolescence" is a must-have work for all professionals in product/project management, sustainment engineering and purchasing.

Provides a comprehensive and updated account of WDM optical network systems Optical networking has advanced considerably since 2010. A host of new technologies and applications has brought a significant change in optical networks, migrating it towards an all-optical network. This book places great emphasis on the network concepts, technology, and methodologies that will stand the test of time and also help in understanding and developing advanced optical network systems. The first part of Optical WDM Networks: From Static to Elastic Networks provides a qualitative foundation for what follows--presenting an overview of optical networking, the different network architectures, basic concepts, and a high-level view of the different network structures considered in subsequent chapters. It offers a survey of enabling technologies and the hardware devices in the physical layer, followed by a more detailed picture of the network in the remaining chapters. The next sections give an in-depth study of the three basic network structures: the static broadcast networks, wavelength routed networks, and the electronic/optical logically routed networks, covering the characteristics of the optical networks in the access, metropolitan area, and long-haul reach. It discusses the networking picture; network control and management, impairment management and survivability. The last section of the book covers the upcoming technologies of flex-grid and software defined optical networking. Provides concise, updated, and comprehensive coverage of WDM optical networks Features numerous examples and exercise problems for the student to practice Covers, in detail, important topics, such as, access, local area, metropolitan, wide area all-optical and elastic networks Includes protocols, design, and analysis along with the control and management of the networks Offers exclusive chapters on advance topics to cover the present and future technological trends, such as, software defined optical networking and the flexible grid optical networks Optical WDM Networks: From Static to Elastic Networks is an excellent book for under and post graduate students in electrical/communication engineering. It will also be very useful to practicing professionals in communications, networking, and optical systems.

This book provides the most up-to-date research and development on wearable computing, wireless body sensor networks, wearable systems integrated with mobile computing, wireless networking and cloud computing This book has a specific focus on advanced methods for programming Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) based on the reference SPINE project. It features an on-line website (http://spine.deis.unical.it) to support readers in developing their own BSN application/systems and covers new emerging topics on BSNs such as collaborative BSNs, BSN design methods, autonomic BSNs, integration of BSNs and pervasive environments, and integration of BSNs with cloud computing. The book provides a description of real BSN prototypes with the possibility to see on-line demos and download the software to test them on specific sensor platforms and includes case studies for more practical applications. Provides a future roadmap by learning advanced technology and open research issues Gathers the background knowledge to tackle key problems, for which solutions will enhance the evolution of next-generation wearable systems References the SPINE web site (http://spine.deis.unical.it) that accompanies the text Includes SPINE case studies and span topics like human activity recognition, rehabilitation of elbow/knee, handshake detection, emotion recognition systems Wearable Systems and Body Sensor Networks: from modeling to implementation is a great reference for systems architects, practitioners, and product developers. Giancarlo Fortino is currently an Associate Professor of Computer Engineering (since 2006) at the Department of Electronics, Informatics and Systems (DEIS) of the University of Calabria (Unical), Rende (CS), Italy. He was recently nominated Guest Professor in Computer Engineering of Wuhan University of Technology on April, 18 2012 (the term of appointment is three years). His research interests include distributed computing and networks, wireless sensor networks, wireless body sensor networks, agent systems, agent oriented software engineering, streaming content distribution networks, distributed multimedia systems, GRID computing. Raffaele Gravina received the B.Sc. and M.S. degrees both in computer engineering from the University of Calabria, Rende, Italy, in 2004 and 2007, respectively. Here he also received the Ph.D. degree in computer engineering. He's now a Postdoctoral research fellow at University of Calabria. His research interests are focused on high-level programming methods for WSNs, specifically Wireless Body Sensor Networks. He wrote almost 30 scientific/technical articles in the area of the proposed Book. He is co-founder of SenSysCal S.r.l., a spin-off company of the University of Calabria, and CTO of the wearable computing area of the company. Stefano Galzarano received the B.S. and M.S. degrees both in computer engineering from the University of Calabria, Rende, Italy, in 2006 and 2009, respectively. He is currently pursuing a joint Ph.D. degree in computer engineering with University of Calabria and Technical University of Eindhoven (The Netherlands). His research interests are focused on high-level programming methods for wireless sensor networks and, specifically, novel methods and frameworks for autonomic wireless body sensor networks.

A guide to two-phase heat transfer theory, practice, and applications Designed primarily as a practical resource for design and development engineers, Two-Phase Heat Transfer contains the theories and methods of two-phase heat transfer that are solution oriented. Written in a clear and concise manner, the book includes information on physical phenomena, experimental data, theoretical solutions, and empirical correlations. A very wide range of real-world applications and formulas/correlations for them are presented. The two-phase heat transfer systems covered in the book include boiling, condensation, gas-liquid mixtures, and gas-solid mixtures. The authorAa noted expert in this fieldAalso reviews the numerous applications of two-phase heat transfer such as heat exchangers in refrigeration and air conditioning, conventional and nuclear power generation, solar power plants, aeronautics, chemical processes, petroleum industry, and more. Special attention is given to heat exchangers using mini-channels which are being increasingly used in a variety of applications. This important book: Offers a practical guide to two-phase heat transfer Includes clear guidance for design professionals by identifying the best available predictive techniques Reviews the extensive literature on heat transfer in two-phase systems Presents information to aid in the design and analysis of heat exchangers. Written for students and research, design, and development engineers, Two-Phase Heat Transfer is a comprehensive volume that covers the theory, methods, and applications of two-phase heat transfer.

This book provides the basics needed to develop sensor network software and supplements it with many case studies covering network applications. It also examines how to develop onboard applications on individual sensors, how to interconnect these sensors, and how to form networks of sensors, although the major aim of this book is to provide foundational principles of developing sensor networking software and critically examine sensor network applications.

A major update of solar cell technology and the solar marketplace

Since the first publication of this important volume over a decade ago, dramatic changes have taken place with the solar market growing almost 100-fold and the U.S. moving from first to fourth place in the world market as analyzed in this Second Edition. Three bold new opportunities are identified for any countries wanting to improve market position. The first is combining pin solar cells with 3X concentration to achieve economic competitiveness near term. The second is charging battery-powered cars with solar cell-generated electricity from arrays in surrounding areas--including the car owners' homes--while simultaneously reducing their home electricity bills by over ninety percent. The third is formation of economic "unions" of sufficient combined economic size to be major competitors.

In this updated edition, feed-in tariffs are identified as the most effective approach for public policy. Reasons are provided to explain why pin solar cells outperform more traditional pn solar cells. Field test data are reported for nineteen percent pin solar cells and for 500X concentrating systems with bare cell efficiencies approaching forty percent. Paths to bare cell efficiencies over fifty percent are described, and key missing program elements are identified. Since government support is needed for new technology prototype integration and qualification testing before manufacturing scale up, the key economic measure is identified in this volume as the electricity cost in cents per kilowatt-hour at the complete installed system level, rather than just the up-front solar cell modules' costs in dollars per watt.

This Second Edition will benefit technologists in the fields of solar cells and systems; solar cell researchers; power systems designers; academics studying microelectronics, semiconductors, and solar cells; business students and investors with a technical focus; and government and political officials developing public policy.

This book presents in-depth coverage of magnetic sensors in industrial applications. It is divided into three sections: devices and technology for magnetic sensing, industrial applications (automotive, navigation), and emerging applications. Topics include transmission speed sensor ICs, dynamic differential Hall ICs, chopped Hall switches, programmable linear output Hall sensors, low power Hall ICs, self-calibrating differential Hall ICs for wheel speed sensing, dynamic differential Hall ICs, uni- and bipolar Hall IC switches, chopped mono cell Hall ICs, and electromagnetic levitation.

Demystifies FACTS controllers, offering solutions to power control and power flow problems

Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) controllers represent one of the most important technological advances in recent years, both enhancing controllability and increasing power transfer capacity of electric power transmission networks. This timely publication serves as an applications manual, offering readers clear instructions on how to model, design, build, evaluate, and install FACTS controllers. Authors Kalyan Sen and Mey Ling Sen share their two decades of experience in FACTS controller research and implementation, including their own pioneering FACTS design breakthroughs.

Readers gain a solid foundation in all aspects of FACTS controllers, including:

Basic underlying theories

Step-by-step evolution of FACTS controller development

Guidelines for selecting the right FACTS controller

Sample computer simulations in EMTP programming language

Key differences in modeling such FACTS controllers as the voltage regulating transformer, phase angle regulator, and unified power flow controller

Modeling techniques and control implementations for the three basic VSC-based FACTS controllers--STATCOM, SSSC, and UPFC

In addition, the book describes a new type of FACTS controller, the Sen Transformer, which is based on technology developed by the authors. An appendix presents all the sample models that are discussed in the book, and the accompanying FTP site offers many more downloadable sample models as well as the full-color photographs that appear throughout the book.

This book is essential reading for practitioners and students of power engineering around the world, offering viable solutions to the increasing problems of grid congestion and power flow limitations in electric power transmission systems.

"Holographic Data Storage: From Theory to Practical Systems" is a primer on the design and building of a holographic data storage system covering the physics, Servo, Data Channel, Recording Materials, and optics behind holographic storage, the requirements of a functioning system, and its integration into "real-life" systems. Later chapters highlight recent developments in holographic storage which have enabled readiness for commercial implementation and discuss the general outlook for the technology, including the transition from professional to consumer markets and the possibilities for mass reproduction.

A Research-Driven Resource on Building Biochemical Systems to Perform Information Processing Functions

"Information Processing by Biochemical Systems" describes fully delineated biochemical systems, organized as neural network-type assemblies. It explains the relationship between these two apparently unrelated fields, revealing how biochemical systems have the advantage of using the "language" of the physiological processes and, therefore, can be organized into the neural network-type assemblies, much in the way that natural biosystems are. A wealth of information is included concerning both the experimental aspects (such as materials and equipment used) and the computational procedures involved. This authoritative reference:

Addresses network-type connectivity, considered to be a key feature underlying the information processing ability of the brain

Describes novel scientific achievements, and serves as an aid for those interested in further developing biochemical systems that will perform information-processing functions

Provides a viable approach for furthering progress in the area of molecular electronics and biocomputing

Includes results obtained in experimental studies involving a variety of real enzyme systems

"Information Processing by Biochemical Systems" is intended for graduate students and professionals, as well as biotechnologists.

A comprehensive treatment of ultrafast optics

This book fills the need for a thorough and detailed account of ultrafast optics. Written by one of the most preeminent researchers in the field, it sheds new light on technology that has already had a revolutionary impact on precision frequency metrology, high-speed electrical testing, biomedical imaging, and in revealing the initial steps in chemical reactions.

"Ultrafast Optics" begins with a summary of ultrashort laser pulses and their practical applications in a range of real-world settings. Next, it reviews important background material, including an introduction to Fourier series and Fourier transforms, and goes on to cover: Principles of mode-lockingUltrafast pulse measurement methodsDispersion and dispersion compensationUltrafast nonlinear optics: second orderUltrafast nonlinear optics: third orderMode-locking: selected advanced topicsManipulation of ultrashort pulsesUltrafast time-resolved spectroscopyTerahertz time-domain electromagnetics

Professor Weiner's expertise and cutting-edge research result in a book that is destined to become a seminal text for engineers, researchers, and graduate students alike.

The second edition of the highly successful Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering is thoroughly expanded and updated. The text is divided into four parts: circuits, electronics, digital systems, and electromagnetics. Although it delves in depth into each of these topics, the text represents more than your basic survey of the basics of electrical engineering. A solid understanding of the fundamental principles on which modern electrical engineering is based is also provided. This edition includes a chapter on circuit analysis software SPICE, with a detailed discussion of the PC version known as PSPICE (from MicroSim Corp.). Numerous drill exercises have been added to this new edition, reinforcing ideas presented in the examples. There are over 1,000 end-of-chapter problems. This text is suitable for a variety of electrical engineering courses. It can be used as a text for an introduction to electrical engineering for both majors and non-majors or both, or can be split and the various chapters utilized for an introduction to circuits course, a first electronics course, or for a course on digital electronics and logic design.

This book focuses on the next generation sustainable organic electrodes and provides a guideline for the future development of these materials.