This book summarises recent developments and enhancements in post-processing techniques that increase the quality and effectiveness of modern antenna measurements. Recent advances in near to far field transformation algorithms for enhancing measurement accuracy in the presence of different common error sources are explained in detail. Developments in techniques for reducing the effect of echoes, noise, and leakage, and to reduce acquisition time, are also explored. The book is written by a range of experts from academia and industry. It explains and illustrates by practical examples several very efficient source reconstruction techniques, and the use of modal and spatial filtering techniques to understand intimate features of measured antennas. It explains phase recovery techniques and demonstrates how combining simulations and measurements can allow for more accurate and faster antenna designs. The book is a useful resource for academics and industry professionals interested in both antenna measurement and design.

Reviews the fundamental concepts behind the theory and computation of electromagnetic fields The book is divided in two parts. The first part covers both fundamental theories (such as vector analysis, Maxwell s equations, boundary condition, and transmission line theory) and advanced topics (such as wave transformation, addition theorems, and fields in layered media) in order to benefit students at all levels. The second part of the book covers the major computational methods for numerical analysis of electromagnetic fields for engineering applications. These methods include the three fundamental approaches for numerical analysis of electromagnetic fields: the finite difference method (the finite difference time-domain method in particular), the finite element method, and the integral equation-based moment method. The second part also examines fast algorithms for solving integral equations and hybrid techniques that combine different numerical methods to seek more efficient solutions of complicated electromagnetic problems. Theory and Computation of Electromagnetic Fields, Second Edition: * Provides the foundation necessary for graduate students to learn and understand more advanced topics * Discusses electromagnetic analysis in rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates * Covers computational electromagnetics in both frequency and time domains * Includes new and updated homework problems and examples Theory and Computation of Electromagnetic Fields, Second Edition is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate level electrical engineering students. This book can also be used as a reference for professional engineers interested in learning about analysis and computation skills.

Modern Optics is a fundamental study of the principles of optics using a rigorous physical approach based on Maxwell's Equations. The treatment provides the mathematical foundations needed to understand a number of applications such as laser optics, fiber optics and medical imaging covered in an engineering curriculum as well as the traditional topics covered in a physics based course in optics. In addition to treating the fundamentals in optical science, the student is given an exposure to actual optics engineering problems such as paraxial matrix optics, aberrations with experimental examples, Fourier transform optics (Fresnel-Kirchhoff formulation), Gaussian waves, thin films, photonic crystals, surface plasmons, and fiber optics. Through its many pictures, figures, and diagrams, the text provides a good physical insight into the topics covered. The course content can be modified to reflect the interests of the instructor as well as the student, through the selection of optional material provided in appendixes.

Provides the foundations and principles needed for addressing the various challenges of developing smart cities Smart cities are emerging as a priority for research and development across the world. They open up significant opportunities in several areas, such as economic growth, health, wellness, energy efficiency, and transportation, to promote the sustainable development of cities. This book provides the basics of smart cities, and it examines the possible future trends of this technology. Smart Cities: Foundations, Principles, and Applications provides a systems science perspective in presenting the foundations and principles that span multiple disciplines for the development of smart cities. Divided into three parts foundations, principles, and applications Smart Cities addresses the various challenges and opportunities of creating smart cities and all that they have to offer. It also covers smart city theory modeling and simulation, and examines case studies of existing smart cities from all around the world. In addition, the book: * Addresses how to develop a smart city and how to present the state of the art and practice of them all over the world * Focuses on the foundations and principles needed for advancing the science, engineering, and technology of smart cities including system design, system verification, real-time control and adaptation, Internet of Things, and test beds * Covers applications of smart cities as they relate to smart transportation/connected vehicle (CV) and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for improved mobility, safety, and environmental protection Smart Cities: Foundations, Principles, and Applications is a welcome reference for the many researchers and professionals working on the development of smart cities and smart city-related industries.

This book is an introduction to some of the most important properties of electromagnetic waves and their interaction with passive materials and scatterers. The main purpose of the book is to give a theoretical treatment of these scattering phenomena, and to illustrate numerical computations of some canonical scattering problems for different geometries and materials. The scattering theory is also important in the theory of passive antennas, and this book gives several examples on this topic. Topics covered include an introduction to the basic equations used in scattering; the Green functions and dyadics; integral representation of fields; introductory scattering theory; scattering in the time domain; approximations and applications; spherical vector waves; scattering by spherical objects; the null-field approach; and propagation in stratified media. The book is organised along two tracks, which can be studied separately or together. Track 1 material is appropriate for a first reading of the textbook, while Track 2 contains more advanced material suited for the second reading and for reference. Exercises are included for each chapter.

Stereoscopic processes are increasingly used in virtual reality and entertainment. This technology is interesting because it allows for a quick immersion of the user, especially in terms of depth perception and relief clues. However, these processes tend to cause stress on the visual system if used over a prolonged period of time, leading some to question the cause of side effects that these systems generate in their users, such as eye fatigue. This book explores the mechanisms of depth perception with and without stereoscopy and discusses the indices which are involved in the depth perception. The author describes the techniques used to capture and retransmit stereoscopic images. The causes of eyestrain related to these images are then presented along with their consequences in the long and short term. The study of the causes of eyestrain forms the basis for an improvement in these processes in the hopes of developing mechanisms for easier virtual viewing.

This expanded new edition is specifically designed to meet the needs of the process industry, and closes the gap between theory and practice. * Back-to-basics approach, with a focus on techniques that have an immediate practical application, and heavy maths relegated to the end of the book * Written by an experienced practitioner, highly regarded by major corporations, with 25 years of teaching industry courses * Supports the increasing expectations for Universities to teach more practical process control (supported by IChemE)

This book introduces the powerful Finite-Difference Time-Domain method to students and interested researchers and readers. An effective introduction is accomplished using a step-by-step process that builds competence and confidence in developing complete working codes for the design and analysis of various antennas and microwave devices. This book will serve graduate students, researchers, and those in industry and government who are using other electromagnetics tools and methods for the sake of performing independent numerical confirmation. No previous experience with finite-difference methods is assumed of readers. Key features Presents the fundamental techniques of the FDTD method at a graduate level, taking readers from conceptual understanding to actual program development. Full derivations are provided for final equations. Includes 3D illustrations to aid in visualization of field components and fully functional MATLAB (R) code examples. Completely revised and updated for this second edition, including expansion into advanced techniques such as total field/scattered field formulation, dispersive material modeling, analysis of periodic structures, non-uniform grid, and graphics processing unit acceleration of finite-difference time-domain method.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of 3D vision systems, from vision models and state-of-the-art algorithms to their hardware architectures for implementation on DSPs, FPGA and ASIC chips, and GPUs. It aims to fill the gaps between computer vision algorithms and real-time digital circuit implementations, especially with Verilog HDL design. The organization of this book is vision and hardware module directed, based on Verilog vision modules, 3D vision modules, parallel vision architectures, and Verilog designs for the stereo matching system with various parallel architectures. * Provides Verilog vision simulators, tailored to the design and testing of general vision chips * Bridges the differences between C/C++ and HDL to encompass both software realization and chip implementation; includes numerous examples that realize vision algorithms and general vision processing in HDL * Unique in providing an organized and complete overview of how a real-time 3D vision system-on-chip can be designed * Focuses on the digital VLSI aspects and implementation of digital signal processing tasks on hardware platforms such as ASICs and FPGAs for 3D vision systems, which have not been comprehensively covered in one single book * Provides a timely view of the pervasive use of vision systems and the challenges of fusing information from different vision modules * Accompanying website includes software and HDL code packages to enhance further learning and develop advanced systems * A solution set and lecture slides are provided on the book's companion website The book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in computer vision and embedded systems, as well as chip and FPGA designers. Senior undergraduate students specializing in VLSI design or computer vision will also find the book to be helpful in understanding advanced applications.

Practical Communication Theory, 2nd Edition enables the reader to quickly and easily generate the answers to real-world problems encountered in specifying, testing, and fielding any type of systems that involve radio propagation. It deals with free space radio propagation and propagation near the ground and over the ridge lines. As a bonus, this book also includes a special antenna and propagation slide rule, with unique scales, along with detailed explanations, and examples, of how to use it. Now in its second edition, Practical Communication has been updated to include new material on radio propagation near the earth in communication bands, which also explains how to use the slide rule scales for each of the appropriate propagation modes. The section on dynamic range has been expanded and there is additional material on knife-edge diffraction. The appendices have also been updated to include extra propagation formulae and graphs.

Presents the theories and applications of determining the position of an object in space through the use of satellites As the importance of space reconnaissance technology intensifies, more and more countries are investing money in building their own space reconnaissance satellites. Due to the secrecy and sensitivity of the operations, it is hard to find published papers and journals on the topic outside of military and governmental agencies. This book aims to fill the gap by presenting the various applications and basic principles of a very modern technology. The space electronic reconnaissance system in mono/multi-satellite platforms is a critical feature which can be used for detection, localization, tracking or identification of the various kinds of signal sources from radar, communication or navigation systems. Localization technology in space electronic reconnaissance uses single or multiple satellite receivers which receive signals from radar, communication and navigation emitters in the ground, ocean and space to specify the location of emitter. The methods, principles and technologies of different space electronic reconnaissance localization systems are introduced in this book, as are their performances, and the various methods are explained and analysed. Digital simulations illustrate the results. * Presents the theories and applications of determining the position of an object in space through the use of satellites * Introduces methods, principles and technologies of localization and tracking in the space electronic reconnaissance system, the localization algorithm and error in satellite system and near space platform system, and the tracking algorithm and error in single satellite-to-satellite tracking system * Provides the fundamentals, the mathematics, the limitations, the measurements, and systems, of localization with emphasis on defence industry applications Highly relevant for Engineers working in avionics, radar, communication, navigation and electronic warfare. Chapters include:- the introduction of space electronic reconnaissance localization technology, knowledge about the satellite orbit and basic terminology of passive localization, single satellite geolocation technology based on direction finding, three-satellite geolocation technology based on time difference of arrival (TDOA), two-satellite geolocation technology based on TDOA and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA), the single satellite localization technology based on kinematics theory, localization principles of near-space platform electronic reconnaissance systems, the orbit determination of single satellite-to-satellite tracking using bearings only(BO) information, the orbit determination of single satellite-to-satellite tracking using bearings and frequency information, the orbit determination of single satellite-to-satellite tracking using frequency only(FO) information. Each chapter ends with a problem and solution section, some using Matlab code.

This book addresses the need to establish measurement standards for electromagnetic fields to produce accurate results and is ideal for engineers concerned with measurement techniques. While it provides a review of fundamental properties of electromagnetic fields and the simple antennas that can generate and receive such fields, the main focus of this book is dedicated to the analysis of the accuracy of measurements and field standards using a range of radiating structures. It is designed to help develop the following measurement standards: proper calibration of the measuring instrument, external environmental factors that affect accuracy and competence and training of the instrument operator. As such, it is ideal for practicing engineers in the field of antennas, electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic propagation who are concerned with measurement techniques.This is a companion book to "Electromagnetic Measurements of the Near Field."

Discover the future of solar energy with this introduction to an essential new family of materials MXenes are a recently-discovered family of two-dimensional organic compounds formed from transition metal carbides. Their unique properties, such as high stability and electron conductivity, have made them a sought-after commodity with many industrial applications in cutting-edge industries. In particular, titanium carbide MXenes look poised to have significant applications in the solar energy industry, with potentially revolutionary consequences for the sustainable energy future. Titanium Carbide MXenes offers a thorough and accessible introduction to this family of compounds and their possible applications. It begins by surveying the fundamentals of the MXene groups, before characterizing titanium carbide MXenes and their processes of synthesis. It then moves on to discuss applications, current and future. The result is a must-read for researchers and professionals looking to synthesize and construct these materials and apply them in sustainable industry. Titanium Carbide MXenes readers will also find: Detailed treatment of MXenes including nitrides composites, perovskites composites, and more Discusses applications in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, hydrogen production, water splitting, and more Roughly 100 figures illustrating key concepts Titanium Carbide MXenes is a must-have for materials scientists, catalytic chemists, and scientists in industry.

This text/reference is a detailed look at the development and use of integral equation methods for electromagnetic analysis, specifically for antennas and radar scattering. Developers and practitioners will appreciate the broad-based approach to understanding and utilizing integral equation methods and the unique coverage of historical developments that led to the current state-of-the-art. In contrast to existing books, "Integral Equation Methods for Electromagnetics" lays the groundwork in the initial chapters so students and basic users can solve simple problems and work their way up to the most advanced and current solutions. This is the first book to discuss the solution of two-dimensional integral equations in many forms of their application and utility. As 2D problems are simpler to discuss, the student and basic reader can gain the necessary expertise before diving into 3D applications. This is also the first basic text to cover fast integral methods for metallic, impedance, and material geometries. It will provide the student or advanced reader with a fairly complete and up-to-date coverage of integral methods for composite scatterers.

This book presents both fundamental knowledge and latest achievements of this rapidly growing field in the last decade. It presents a complete and concise picture of the the state-of-the-art in the field, encompassing the most active international research groups in the world. Led by contributions from leading global research groups, the book discusses the functionalization of semiconductor surface. Dry organic reactions in vacuum and wet organic chemistry in solution are two major categories of strategies for functionalization that will be described. The growth of multilayer-molecular architectures on the formed organic monolayers will be documented. The immobilization of biomolecules such as DNA on organic layers chemically attached to semiconductor surfaces will be introduced. The patterning of complex structures of organic layers and metallic nanoclusters toward sensing techniques will be presented as well.

In a society predicated on information, the media has a pervasive presence. From government policy to leisure television, the information age touches us all. The papers collected in this book constitute some of today's leading analyses of the information industry. Together, these essays represent a needed foundation for understanding the present state and future development of the mass media. Current trends in communications as well as media impact on public opinion are studied and reported on.

This book provides the practicing engineer with a concise listing of commercial and open-source modeling and simulation tools currently available including examples of implementing those tools for solving specific Modeling and Simulation examples. Instead of focusing on the underlying theory of Modeling and Simulation and fundamental building blocks for custom simulations, this book compares platforms used in practice, and gives rules enabling the practicing engineer to utilize available Modeling and Simulation tools. This book will contain insights regarding common pitfalls in network Modeling and Simulation and practical methods for working engineers.

Complex systems modeling and simulation approaches are being adopted in a growing number of sectors, including finance, economics, biology, astronomy, and many more. Technologies ranging from distributed computing to specialized hardware are explored and developed to address the computational requirements arising in complex systems simulations.

The aim of this book is to present a representative overview of contemporary large-scale computing technologies in the context of complex systems simulations applications. The intention is to identify new research directions in this field and to provide a communications platform facilitating an exchange of concepts, ideas and needs between the scientists and technologist and complex system modelers. On the application side, the book focuses on modeling and simulation of natural and man-made complex systems. On the computing technology side, emphasis is placed on the distributed computing approaches, but supercomputing and other novel technologies are also considered.

For sophomore-level courses in Assembly Language Programming in Computer Science, Embedded Systems Design, Real-Time Analysis, Computer Engineering, or Electrical Engineering curricula. Requires prior knowledge of C, C++, or Java. This text is useful for Computer Scientists, Computer Engineers, and Electrical Engineers involved with embedded software applications. This book is intended to provide a highly motivating context in which to learn procedural programming languages. The ultimate goal of this text is to lay a foundation that supports the multi-threaded style of programming and high-reliability requirements of embedded software. It presents assembly the way it is most commonly used in practice - to implement small, fast, or special-purpose routines called from a main program written in a high-level language such as C. Students not only learn that assembly still has an important role to play, but their discovery of multi-threaded programming, preemptive and non-preemptive systems, shared resources, and scheduling helps sustain their interest, feeds their curiosity, and strengthens their preparation for subsequent courses on operating systems, real-time systems, networking, and microprocessor-based design.