The first comprehensive examination of optical switching: where the field is and where it's going

With its potential to unlock a significant portion of the optical fiber bandwidth, optical switching has attracted a great deal of attention from the telecommunications industry. While much has been published on the subject in individual articles, Optical Switching is the first to cohesively present the topic in a single book. The three authors examine and discuss all the challenges involved in the commercialization of optical switching. Readers are brought up to date with the latest advances in research as well as the technological hurdles that researchers and engineers still face.

One of the first topics addressed in the book is the optical switch fabric, the device that can redirect optical signals according to instructions that it receives from the switch control unit. The authors explore key issues surrounding optical switch fabrics, including the parameters taken into account when evaluating optical switching technologies, the potential applications of optical switches in networks, the most popular optical switching technologies, and the manufacture of switches with large port counts.

Next, the authors dedicate individual chapters to the three optical switching paradigms that are most promising: Optical Packet Switching (OPS) Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Optical Burst Switching (OBS)

Readers gain an in-depth understanding of the principles underlying each paradigm and each one's advantages and disadvantages. Illustrations are used extensively throughout the book to help readers visualize complex concepts and systems. The bibliography points readers tothe relevant literature for further investigation of particular topics.

For telecommunications and network engineers, this is the first source to bring together a current understanding of optical switching based on the latest research. It is also recommended as a supplement for courses on advanced optical networks to introduce students to this important emerging technology.

Building on the success of the first edition "Digital Speech" offers extensive new, updated and revised material based upon the latest research. This "Second Edition" continues to provide the fundamental technical background required for low bit rate speech coding and the hottest developments in digital speech coding techniques that are applicable to evolving communication systems. Features new chapters on "Pitch Estimation and Voice-Unvoiced Classification of Speech, Harmonic Speech Coding" and "Multimode Speech Coding" Presents a comprehensively revised chapter entitled "Analysis by Synthesis LPC Coding" including specific examples of popular speech coders such as CELP (Code-Excited Linear Predictive) Coding Contains an updated chapter on Efficient LPC Quantization Methods including MSVQ and anti-aliasing filtering Discusses Voice Activity Detection (VAD) methods Offers expanded coverage of speech enhancement techniques such as echo cancellation and noise suppression

Written by a well-known, highly respected academic, this authoritative volume will be invaluable to practising engineers, network designers, computer scientists and advanced students in communications, electrical and electronic engineering.

The book presents the latest power conversion and control technology in modern wind energy systems. It has nine chapters, covering technology overview and market survey, electric generators and modeling, power converters and modulation techniques, wind turbine characteristics and configurations, and control schemes for fixed- and variable-speed wind energy systems. The book also provides in-depth steady-state and dynamic analysis of squirrel cage induction generator, doubly fed induction generator, and synchronous generator based wind energy systems.

To illustrate the key concepts and help the reader tackle real-world issues, the book contains more than 30 case studies and 100 solved problems in addition to simulations and experiments. The book serves as a comprehensive reference for academic researchers and practicing engineers. It can also be used as a textbook for graduate students and final year undergraduate students.

Industrial electronics N3 is a user-friendly textbook for both lecturer and learners in that it covers the composition, operation and application of the most important discrete eletronic components in the industrial world. It also explains the basic laws of electronic circuitry, and provides methods for calculation and for trouble-shooting. The book aims to equip learners with the knowledge, skills and attitudes they require in order to achieve the learning outcomes of this learning area. At the end of each unit, learners are given the opportunity for self-evaluation to help them prepare for tests and examinations, and to measure their progress against the relevant assessment criteria.

Telecommunications media include radio, cable, satellite services, multimedia, the Internet, cable TV, telephony, broadcast radio and TV. This book deals with the policies, laws, impact and fast-moving developments in a field which impacts the world in a multitude of ways - not all of which are benign. This book presents the latest research in the field. Topics discussed in this book include telemarketing and the implementation of the Do Not Call Registry; mobile telephones and motor vehicle operation; internet and the workforce; models in wireless telecommunications; and society and media industries.

Discover the utility of four popular electromagnetic geophysical techniques In GeoRadar, FDEM, TDEM, and AEM Methods, accomplished researchers Fabio Giannino and Giovanni Leucci deliver an in-depth exploration of the theory and application of four different electromagnetic geophysical techniques: ground penetrating radar, the frequency domain electromagnetic method, the time domain electromagnetic method, and the airborne electromagnetic method. The authors offer a full description of each technique as they relate to the economics, planning, and logistics of deploying each of them on-site. The book also discusses the potential output of each method and how it can be combined with other sources of below- and above-ground information to create a digitized common point cloud containing a wide variety of data. Giannino and Leucci rely on 25 years of professional experience in over 40 countries around the world to provide readers with a fulsome description of the optimal use of GPR, FDEM, TDEM, and AEM, demonstrating their flexibility and applicability to a wide variety of use cases. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to electromagnetic theory, including the operative principles and theory of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and the frequency domain electromagnetic method (FDEM) An exploration of hardware architecture and surveying, including GPR, FDEM, time domain electromagnetic method (TDEM), and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveying A collection of case studies, including a multiple-geophysical archaeological GPR survey in Turkey and a UXO search in a building area in Italy using FDEM /li> Discussions of planning and mobilizing a campaign, the shipment and clearance of survey equipment, and managing the operative aspects of field activity Perfect for forensic and archaeological geophysicists, GeoRadar, FDEM, TDEM, and AEM Methods will also earn a place in the libraries of anyone seeking a one-stop reference for the planning and deployment of GDR, FDEM, TDEM, and AEM surveying techniques.

A computational perspective on partial order and lattice theory, focusing on algorithms and their applications This book provides a uniform treatment of the theory and applications of lattice theory. The applications covered include tracking dependency in distributed systems, combinatorics, detecting global predicates in distributed systems, set families, and integer partitions. The book presents algorithmic proofs of theorems whenever possible. These proofs are written in the calculational style advocated by Dijkstra, with arguments explicitly spelled out step by step. The author s intent is for readers to learn not only the proofs, but the heuristics that guide said proofs. Introduction to Lattice Theory with Computer Science Applications: * Examines; posets, Dilworth s theorem, merging algorithms, lattices, lattice completion, morphisms, modular and distributive lattices, slicing, interval orders, tractable posets, lattice enumeration algorithms, and dimension theory * Provides end of chapter exercises to help readers retain newfound knowledge on each subject * Includes supplementary material at www.ece.utexas.edu/~garg Introduction to Lattice Theory with Computer Science Applications is written for students of computer science, as well as practicing mathematicians.

An incisive discussion of biofuel production from an economically informed technical perspective that addresses sustainability and commercialization together In Biodiesel Production: Feedstocks, Catalysts and Technologies, renowned chemists Drs Rokhum, Halder, Ngaosuwan and Assabumrungrat present an up-to-date account of the most recent developments, challenges, and trends in biodiesel production. The book addresses select feedstocks, including edible and non-edible oils, waste cooking oil, microalgae, and animal fats, and highlights their advantages and disadvantages from a variety of perspectives. It also discusses several catalysts used in each of their methods of preparation, as well as their synthesis, reactivity, recycling techniques, and stability. The contributions explore recently developed technologies for sustainable production of biodiesel and provides robust treatments of their sustainability, commercialization, and their prospects for future biodiesel production. A thorough introduction to the various catalysts used in the preparation of biodiesel and their characteristics Comprehensive explorations of biofuel production from technical and economic perspectives, with complete treatments of their sustainability and commercialization Practical discussions of the development of new strategies for sustainable and economically viable biodiesel production In-depth examinations of biodiesel feedstocks, catalysts, and technologies Perfect for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in fields that involve biofuels, bioenergy, catalysis, and materials science, Biodiesel Production: Feedstocks, Catalysts and Technologies will also earn a place in the libraries of bioenergy regulators.

Volume 3 begins with an introduction to which are added four chapters focused on modeling and flow simulation in an environment in 2 or 3 dimensions (2D or 3D). They deal with different cases taken from situations found in the field. A conclusion comes close this third book: - The different software used in this third volume; - Computer simulation of discrete flows; - Mixed flow simulation; - Flows in 3D and the evacuation simulation; - Flows in 3D for conveying and storage The conclusion discusses the future developments of the software and their integration into society. At the end of each volume is a bibliography and a list of web links. There is also a glossary explaining some abbreviations, acronyms and some very specific terminology of logistics and operations research.

A great resource for beginner students and professionals alike Introduction to Energy, Renewable Energy and Electrical Engineering: Essentials for Engineering Science (STEM) Professionals and Students brings together the fundamentals of Carnot's laws of thermodynamics, Coulomb's law, electric circuit theory, and semiconductor technology. The book is the perfect introduction to energy-related fields for undergraduates and non-electrical engineering students and professionals with knowledge of Calculus III. Its unique combination of foundational concepts and advanced applications delivered with focused examples serves to leave the reader with a practical and comprehensive overview of the subject. The book includes: A combination of analytical and software solutions in order to relate aspects of electric circuits at an accessible level A thorough description of compensation of flux weakening (CFW) applied to inverter-fed, variable-speed drives not seen anywhere else in the literature Numerous application examples of solutions using PSPICE, Mathematica, and finite difference/finite element solutions such as detailed magnetic flux distributions Manufacturing of electric energy in power systems with integrated renewable energy sources where three-phase inverter supply energy to interconnected, smart power systems Connecting the energy-related technology and application discussions with urgent issues of energy conservation and renewable energy--such as photovoltaics and ground-water heat pump resulting in a zero-emissions dwelling--Introduction to Energy, Renewable Energy, and Electrical Engineering crafts a truly modern and relevant approach to its subject matter.

A comprehensive resource that explores electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for aerospace systems Handbook of Aerospace Electromagnetic Compatibility is a groundbreaking book on EMC for aerospace systems that addresses both aircraft and space vehicles. With contributions from an international panel of aerospace EMC experts, this important text deals with the testing of spacecraft components and subsystems, analysis of crosstalk and field coupling, aircraft communication systems, and much more. The text also includes information on lightning effects and testing, as well as guidance on design principles and techniques for lightning protection. The book offers an introduction to E3 models and techniques in aerospace systems and explores EMP effects on and technology for aerospace systems. Filled with the most up-to-date information, illustrative examples, descriptive figures, and helpful scenarios, Handbook of Aerospace Electromagnetic Compatibility is designed to be a practical information source. This vital guide to electromagnetic compatibility: - Provides information on a range of topics including grounding, coupling, test procedures, standards, and requirements - Offers discussions on standards for aerospace applications - Addresses aerospace EMC through the use of testing and theoretical approaches Written for EMC engineers and practitioners, Handbook of Aerospace Electromagnetic Compatibility is a critical text for understanding EMC for aerospace systems.

As we enter the Industrial Revolution 4.0, demands for an increasing degree of trust and privacy protection continue to be voiced. The development of blockchain technology is very important because it can help frictionless and transparent financial transactions and improve the business experience, which in turn has far-reaching effects for economic, psychological, educational and organizational improvements in the way we work, teach, learn and care for ourselves and each other. Blockchain is an eccentric technology, but at the same time, the least understood and most disruptive technology of the day. This book covers the latest technologies of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology and their applications. This book discusses the blockchain and cryptocurrencies related issues and also explains how to provide the security differently through an algorithm, framework, approaches, techniques and mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of what blockchain is and how it works, as well as insights into how it will affect the future of your organization and industry as a whole and how to integrate blockchain technology into your business strategy. In addition, the book explores the blockchain and its with other technologies like Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence, etc.

Digital Electronics

Anil K. Maini

Laser Science and Technology Center, Delhi, India

The fundamentals and implementation of digital electronics are essential to understanding the design and working of consumer/industrial electronics, communications, embedded systems, computers, security and military equipment.

Devices used in applications such as these are constantly decreasing in size and employing more complex technology. It is therefore essential for engineers and students to understand the fundamentals, implementation and application principles of digital electronics, devices and integrated circuits. This is so that they can use the most appropriate and effective technique to suit their technical need.

This book provides practical and comprehensive coverage of digital electronics, bringing together information on fundamental theory, operational aspects and potential applications. With worked problems, examples, and review questions for each chapter, "Digital Electronics" includes:

information on number systems, binary codes, digital arithmetic, logic gates and families, and Boolean algebra;

an in-depth look at multiplexers, de-multiplexers, devices for arithmetic operations, flip-flops and related devices, counters and registers, and data conversion circuits;

up-to-date coverage of recent application fields, such as programmable logic devices, microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital troubleshooting and digital instrumentation.

A comprehensive, must-read book on digital electronics for senior undergraduate and graduate students of electrical, electronics and computer engineering, and a valuable reference book for professionals andresearchers.

Focuses on the common recurring physical principles behind sophisticated modern devices This book discusses the principles of physics through applications of state-of-the-art technologies and advanced instruments. The authors use diagrams, sketches, and graphs coupled with equations and mathematical analysis to enhance the reader s understanding of modern devices. Readers will learn to identify common underlying physical principles that govern several types of devices, while gaining an understanding of the performance trade-off imposed by the physical limitations of various processing methods. The topics discussed in the book assume readers have taken an introductory physics course, college algebra, and have a basic understanding of calculus. * Describes the basic physics behind a large number of devices encountered in everyday life, from the air conditioner to Blu-ray discs * Covers state-of-the-art devices such as spectrographs, photoelectric image sensors, spacecraft systems, astronomical and planetary observatories, biomedical imaging instruments, particle accelerators, and jet engines * Includes access to a book companion site that houses Power Point slides Modern Devices: The Simple Physics of Sophisticated Technology is designed as a reference for professionals that would like to gain a basic understanding of the operation of complex technologies. The book is also suitable as a textbook for upper-level undergraduate non-major students interested in physics.

Many books on Power System Harmonics only cover certain aspects of the subject. This book is the first to cover Power System Harmonics in depth, including real world case studies engineers can learn from. Written by a well-known author with extensive experience designing harmonic filters, this book is written in a thorough and easy to read way, making it an invaluable resource for practicing engineers as well as students. Coverage includes new harmonic mitigation technologies, detailed step-by-step design of passive filters, interharmonics and flicker, and more. Readers who are new to the field will find this book easy to understand and will be able to grasp the subject easily through the many examples, case studies and illustrations. Readers who are already familiar with Power System Harmonics will be able to learn new insights and the latest developments.

The world has become digital and technological advances have multiplied circuits with access to data, their processing and their diffusion. New technologies have now reached a certain maturity. Data are available to everyone, anywhere on the planet. The number of Internet users in 2014 was 2.9 billion or 41% of the world population. The need for knowledge is becoming apparent in order to understand this multitude of data. We must educate, inform and train the masses. The development of related technologies, such as the advent of the Internet, social networks, "cloud-computing" (digital factories), has increased the available volumes of data. Currently, each individual creates, consumes, uses digital information: more than 3.4 million e-mails are sent worldwide every second, or 107,000 billion annually with 14,600 e-mails per year per person, but more than 70% are spam. Billions of pieces of content are shared on social networks such as Facebook, more than 2.46 million every minute. We spend more than 4.8 hours a day on the Internet using a computer, and 2.1 hours using a mobile. Data, this new ethereal manna from heaven, is produced in real time. It comes in a continuous stream from a multitude of sources which are generally heterogeneous. This accumulation of data of all types (audio, video, files, photos, etc.) generates new activities, the aim of which is to analyze this enormous mass of information. It is then necessary to adapt and try new approaches, new methods, new knowledge and new ways of working, resulting in new properties and new challenges since SEO logic must be created and implemented. At company level, this mass of data is difficult to manage. Its interpretation is primarily a challenge. This impacts those who are there to "manipulate" the mass and requires a specific infrastructure for creation, storage, processing, analysis and recovery. The biggest challenge lies in "the valuing of data" available in quantity, diversity and access speed.

This book provides an overall view of the new and highly promising materials and thin film deposition techniques for printable solar cell applications. The book is organized in four parts. Organic and inorganic hybrid materials and solar cell manufacturing techniques are covered in Part I. Part II is devoted to organic materials and processing technologies like spray coating. This part also demonstrates the key features of the interface engineering for the printable organic solar cells. The main focus of the Part III is the perovskite solar cells, which is a new and promising family of the photovoltaic applications. Finally, inorganic materials and solution based thin film formation methods using these materials for printable solar cell application is discussed in Part IV.

This book covers the study of electromagnetic wave theory and describes how electromagnetic technologies affect our daily lives. From ER to ET: How Electromagnetic Technologies Are Changing Our Lives explores electromagnetic wave theory including its founders, scientific underpinnings, ethical issues, and applications through history. Utilizing a format of short essays, this book explains in a balanced, and direct style how electromagnetic technologies are changing the world we live in and the future they may create for us. Quizzes at the end of each chapter provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the material. This book is a valuable resource for microwave engineers of varying levels of experience, and for instructors to motivate their students and add depth to their assignments. In addition, this book: * Presents topics that investigate all aspects of electromagnetic technology throughout history * Explores societal and global issues that relate to the field of electrical engineering (emphasized in current ABET accreditation criteria) * Includes quizzes relevant to every essay and answers which explain technical perspectives Rajeev Bansal, PhD, is a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Connecticut. He is a member of IEEE and the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering. He is a Fellow of the Electromagnetics Academy. His editing credits include Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics and Engineering Electromagnetics: Applications. Dr. Bansal contributes regular columns to IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine and IEEE Microwave Magazine.

Die dritte Auflage des mittlerweile zum Standardwerk gereiften Lehrbuchs tragt den rasanten Entwicklungen in diesem interdisziplinaren Gebiet umfassend Rechnung. Insbesondere die Kapitel Siliziumtechnik, Materialien und Alternative Technologien wurden stark erweitert. Aubetaerdem sind neue Anwendungsaspekte hinzugekommen. Somit schlagt dieses Lehrbuch weiterhin in einzigartiger Weise den Bogen von den Grundlagen der Mikrosystemtechnik bis hin zu den aktuellen Anwendungen in einer Vielzahl von High-Tech Entwicklungen.

This is the most comprehensive and in-depth study of the theory and practical applications of a new and groundbreaking method for the energy industry to "go green" with renewable and alternative energy sources. The global warming phenomenon as a significant sustainability issue is gaining worldwide support for development of renewable energy technologies. The term "polygeneration" is referred to as "an energy supply system, which delivers more than one form of energy to the final user." For example, electricity, cooling and desalination can be delivered from a polygeneration process. The polygeneration process in a hybrid solar thermal power plant can deliver electricity with less impact on the environment compared to a conventional fossil fuel-based power generating system. It is also THE next generation energy production technique with the potential to overcome the undesirable intermittence of renewable energy systems. In this study, the polygeneration process simultaneous production of power, vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) cooling and multi-effect humidification and dehumidification (MEHD) desalination system from different heat sources in hybrid solar-biomass (HSB) system with higher energy efficiencies (energy and exergy), primary energy savings (PES) and payback period are investigated, focusing on several aspects associated with hybrid solar-biomass power generation installations, such as wide availability of biomass resources and solar direct normal irradiance (DNI), and other technologies. Thermodynamic evaluation (energy and exergy) of HSB power has also been investigated, along with the VAR cooling system, the modelling, simulation, optimization and cost analysis of the polygeneration hybrid solar biomass system, all accompanied by multiple case studies and examples for practical applications. This volume provides the researcher, student and engineer with the intellectual tool needed for understanding new ideas in this rapidly emerging field. The book is also intended to serve as a general source and reference book for the professional (consultant, designer, contractor etc.) who is working in the field of solar thermal, biomass, power plant, polygeneration, cooling and process heat. It is a must-have for anyone working in this field.

A practical, programming-centered approach to component-based software development

Component-oriented programming (COP) is rapidly becoming a mainstream programming paradigm, offering higher reusability and better modular structure with greater flexibility than object-oriented or library-based programming approaches. Component-Oriented Programming offers a unique programming-centered approach to component-based software development that delivers the well-developed training and practices needed to successfully apply this cost-effective method.

Following an overview of basic theories and methodologies, the authors provide a unified component infrastructure for building component software using JavaBeans, EJB, OSGi, CORBA, CCM, .NET, and Web services.

Readers learn how to: Develop reusable software components Build a software system of pre-built software components Design and implement a component-based software system using various programming-centered approaches

Throughout the text, step-by-step guides and self-review questions for each new component technology encourage hands-on practice. Clear organization and self-testing features make Component-Oriented Programming an ideal textbook for graduate and undergraduate courses in computer science, software engineering, or information technology, as well as a valuable reference for industry professionals.

A one-volume guide to the most essential techniques for designing and building dependable distributed systems Instead of covering a broad range of research works for each dependability strategy, this useful reference focuses on only a selected few (usually the most seminal works, the most practical approaches, or the first publication of each approach), explaining each in depth, usually with a comprehensive set of examples. Each technique is dissected thoroughly enough so that readers who are not familiar with dependable distributed computing can actually grasp the technique after studying the book. Building Dependable Distributed Systems consists of eight chapters. The first introduces the basic concepts and terminology of dependable distributed computing, and also provides an overview of the primary means of achieving dependability. Checkpointing and logging mechanisms, which are the most commonly used means of achieving limited degree of fault tolerance, are described in the second chapter. Works on recovery-oriented computing, focusing on the practical techniques that reduce the fault detection and recovery times for Internet-based applications, are covered in chapter three. Chapter four outlines the replication techniques for data and service fault tolerance. This chapter also pays particular attention to optimistic replication and the CAP theorem. Chapter five explains a few seminal works on group communication systems. Chapter six introduces the distributed consensus problem and covers a number of Paxos family algorithms in depth. The Byzantine generals problem and its latest solutions, including the seminal Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm and a number of its derivatives, are introduced in chapter seven. The final chapter details the latest research results surrounding application-aware Byzantine fault tolerance, which represents an important step forward in the practical use of Byzantine fault tolerance techniques. Readership The primary market is networked and distributed computing system designers and developers, software architects, senior software engineers, and technical managers. The book will also prove very useful for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in computer science and computer engineering interested in dependable computing research.

Digital Electronics: Principles and Applications, Ninth Edition, is an easy-to-read introductory text for students new to the field of digital electronics. Providing entry-level knowledge and skills for a wide range of occupations is the goal of this textbook and its ancillary materials. Concepts are connected to practical applications, and a systems approach is followed that reflects current practice in industry. This concise and practical text can be used in any program needing a quick and readable overview of digital principles.