Although haiku is well known throughout the world, few outside Japan are familiar with its precursor, haikai (comic linked verse). Fewer still are aware of the role played by the Chinese Daoist classics in turning haikai into a respected literary art form. Basho and the Dao examines the haikai poets' adaptation of Daoist classics, particularly the Zhuangzi, in the seventeenth century and the eventual transformation of haikai from frivolous verse to high poetry. The author analyzes haikai's encounter with the Zhuangzi through its intertextual relations with the works of Basho and other major haikai poets, and also the nature and characteristics of haikai that sustained the Zhuangzi's relevance to haikai poetic construction. She demonstrates how the haikai poets' interest in this Daoist work was rooted in the intersection of deconstructing and reconstructing the classical Japanese poetic tradition. Well versed in both Chinese and Japanese scholarship, Qiu explores the significance of Daoist ideas in Basho's and others' conceptions of haikai. Her method involves an extensive hermeneutic reading of haikai texts, an in-depth analysis of the connection between Chinese and Japanese poetic terminology, and a comparison of Daoist traits in both traditions. The result is a penetrating study of key ideas that have been instrumental in defining and rediscovering the poetic essence of haikai verse. Basho and the Dao adds to an increasingly vibrant area of academic inquiry - the complex literary and cultural relations between Japan and China in the early modern era. Researchers and students of East Asian literature, philosophy, and cultural criticism will find this book a valuable contribution to cross-cultural literary studies and comparative aesthetics.

Although internationally renowned as a novelist, journalist, and essayist, Nobel Prize-winning author Francois Mauriac (1885-1970) never established a reputation as a poet. Yet it was Maurice Barres's favourable review of his first collection of verse, Les Mains jointes, that launched Mauriac's career in 1910. He went on to publish three further collections of poems and insisted to the end of his life that, despite critical neglect of his verse, he remained first and foremost a poet. This book offers the first ever in-depth exploration of the whole of Mauriac's verse output. After a chapter tracing his general conception of poetry and comparing his ideas to those of other poets and theorists, each of Mauriac's verse collections is analysed in turn, as are many of his poems that were published exclusively in literary journals. A final chapter explores the significant relationship between Mauriac's verse and his novels, revealing the multiple connections between these two series of texts. This volume will appeal to those with an interest in twentieth-century French poetry and, more generally, to those interested in the relationship between verse and prose.

In this first book-length study of Stevie Smith, Romana Huk reassesses the work of this major twentieth-century woman writer as emerging not only from the practices of female literary modernism, but also from within the tumultuous cultural context of mid-century Europe. Huk considers both the poems and the novels in the light of their cultural and literary context. Amongst the work treated here is Smith's rarely discussed trilogy of novels: Novel on Yellow Paper , Over the Frontier and The Holiday .

At the center of Hardy's aesthetic practice is the recognition of desire as a necessary and fundamental condition of human existence. Yearning, disappointment, frustration and loss determine the relationship of his characters and poetic personae to the world and the systems in which their sense of self is expressed and constituted. Yet his work also explores the positive, dynamic and productive dimension of desire. Structured around the themes of home and homelessness; eroticism; Poor Men, Ladies and social aspiration; the transgressivity of cross dressing; the creation of "sapphic spaces;" aesthetic desire and its fulfilment in the achieved work of art, Thomas Hardy and Desire demonstrates Hardy's commitment, as an artist in pursuit of "a way to the better," to exploring how the energy of desire pushes beyond the boundaries of class, sexuality, gender and even language itself to bring new ways of being and doing into the realm of knowledge.

A tribute to Ginsberg's signature work, which stirred a generation of angel-headed hipsters to cultural rebellion."" In 1956, City Lights, a small San Francisco bookstore, published Allen Ginsberg's" Howl and Other Poems" with its trademark black-and-white cover. The original edition cost seventy-five cents, but there was something priceless about its eponymous piece. Although it gave a voice to the new generation that came of age in the conservative years following World War II, the poem also conferred a strange, subversive power that continues to exert its influence to this day. Ginsberg went on to become one of the most eminent and celebrated writers of the second half of the twentieth century, and "Howl" became the critical axis of the worldwide literary, cultural, and political movement that would be known as the Beat generation. The year 2006 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of "Howl," and "The Poem That Changed America" will celebrate and shed new light on this profound cultural work. With new essays by many of today's most distinguished writers, including Frank Bidart, Andrei Codrescu, Vivian Gornick, Phillip Lopate, Daphne Merkin, Rick Moody, Robert Pinsky, and Luc Sante, "The Poem That Changed America" reveals the pioneering influence of "Howl" down through the decades and its powerful resonance today.

sta recopilaci n de memorias migrantes, presenta una sola historia. Es la historia de un pueblo-el oprimido, el pueblo vagabundo-el cual sabe del dolor que dejan las balas, el hambre y la sangre derramada, propiciadas por los pilares de un sistema antidemocr tico y capitalista. En ese pueblo ambulante, sus seres aun creen en los sue os, buscan con fervor aquel mundo ecu nime, donde a todos los hombres y mujeres se les trata con dignidad y respeto. Mortales decisiones pol ticas, sangrientas guerras, viajes lejanos, derramando sangre y en oscuridad; estos han sido la herencia reservada para el inmigrante. Las An cdotas Mojadas cuenta narraciones de eventos catastr fico e inexplicables; pero tambi n expresa gritos de esperanza y de amores que perduran eternamente en las humildes familias inmigrantes. Ni os, hombres, mujeres y ancianos quienes desde hace ya muchos a os han sido sometidos a un mundo en llamas y de esclavitud. En Las An cdotas Mojadas, Alex Iraheta narra historias, poes as, reflexiones y prosas que nos recuerdan quienes somos, quien es esa gente y ese pueblo que ha luchado de diferentes formas, contra los estragos de la violencia y la corrupci n. S ntomas que aun persisten y que ahora son mas venenosos que nunca. Aqu, en estas An cdotas, aparecen aquellos hombres de bigote largo, personas chaparritas y que sudan mucho, y mujeres cargadas de ni os. Aqu se encuentran todos ellos, los que se creyeron los cuentos de lugares m gico y paradisiacos, donde la vida, se dice, es como en un reino celestial. Desafortunadamente todo es reservado para los hijos del capital y la injusticia, quienes se lo reparten entre muy pocos y prefieren desperdiciarlo antes de compartirlo con alguien. Para el emigrante queda el l tigo y la esclavitud como nico reconocimiento por su lucha.

Born Rosa Lebensboym in Belarus, Anna Margolin (1887-1952) settled permanently in America in 1913. A brilliant yet largely forgotten poet, her reputation rests on her volume of poetry published in Yiddish in 1929 in New York City. Although written in the 1920s, Margolin's poetry is remarkably fresh and contemporary, dealing with themes of anxiety, loneliness, sexual tensions, and the search for intellectual and spiritual identity, all of which were clearly reflected in her own life choices. Sensitively and beautifully translated here, the poems appear both in the original Yiddish and in English translation. Shirley Kumove's fascinating critical-biographical introduction highlights Margolin's tempestuous and unconventional life. An exceptionally beautiful and gifted woman, Margolin adopted a bohemian and an eccentric lifestyle, and threw herself into both intellectual pursuits and romantic attachments beyond her two marriages.

Responses from the nineteenth century onwards to the medieval French poet. Medieval Paris' paradigmatic poet, Francois Villon, has long captured the imaginations of creative writers. Attracted by his beguilingly pseudo-autobiographical literary persona and a body of work that moves seamlessly between bawdy humour, bitterness, devotion, and regret, Villon's heirs have been many and varied. A veritable "poet's poet", his oeuvre has appealed to fellow versifiers in particular, providing a rich source for translation and imitation. This book explores creative responses to Villon by British and North American poets, focusing on translations and imitations of his work by Algernon Swinburne, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Ezra Pound, Basil Bunting, and Robert Lowell. They are presented as exemplary of the greater trend of rendering Villon into English, transporting the reader from the first verse translations of his work in the nineteenth century, to post-modern adaptations and parodies ofVillon in the twentieth. By concentrating on the manner in which individual poets have reacted to Villon, and to one another, the study unravels multiple layers of poetic relations. It argues that the relationships that exist between the translated or imitated texts are collaborative as much as they are competitive, establishing a canon of Villon in English poetry whose allusions are not only to the French source, but to the parallel corpus of English translations and imitations. CLAIRE PASCOLINI-CAMPBELL holds degrees in medieval and comparative literatures from the University of St Andrews and University College London.

The conventional picture of the young Hopkins as a conservative High-Church ritualist is starkly contested by this study which draws upon his unpublished Oxford essays on philosophy to reveal a boldly speculative intellectual liberal. Less concerned with Christian factionalism than with countering contemporary threats to faith itself, Hopkins' thought is seen to follow that of his teachers Benjamin Jowett and T. H. Green, who turned to Kant and Hegel to vouchsafe the grounds of Christian belief against contemporary scientism. Hopkins' personal metaphysic of 'inscape' and 'instress', which has long been recognized as crucial to the understanding of his poetry, is traced here to concepts derived from the 'British Idealism' he encountered at Oxford and the new energy physics of the 1850s and 1860s. By locating his thought at the intellectual avant-garde of his age, the striking modernity of his poetry need no longer be seen as an historical anomaly. The book offers radical re-readings not only of his metaphysics and theology, but also of his best-known poems.

Surveying the later work of W.B. Yeats and Wallace Stevens, Edward Clarke unfolds their very last poems and considers the two poets' relations with western literature and tradition. This book shows how these two latecomers transform the ways in which we read earlier poets.

This book is a full-length study of the British novelist, poet, and illustrator Stevie Smith (1902-1971). It draws on extensive archival material to offer new insights into her work, challenging conventional readings of her as an eccentric. It reveals the careful control with which she managed her public persona, reassesses her allusive poetry in the light of her own conflicted response to written texts, and traces her simultaneous preoccupation with and fear of her reading public. William May considers the influence of artists such as George Grosz and Aubrey Beardsley on her apparently artless illustrations and explores her use of fiction and book reviews as a way of generating contexts for her poetry, offering readers a fascinating in-depth study that not only radically alters our understanding of Smith and her work, but provides new perspectives on British twentieth-century poetry and its reception.

A groundbreaking contribution to the critical literature, this volume represents the most extensive study of the fantastic in poetry published to date. Designed to serve both as an introduction to and a historical overview of fantastic poetry in the Anglo-American tradition, the authors closely analyze specific periods and poems in order to illuminate more clearly the relationships among fantasty, the fantastic, science fiction, and poetry. The scope of the study is unusually broad and encompasses material from Spenser through the work of a wide range of contemporary American and British poets. Although the contributors focus primarily on English-language authors, their essays provide theoretical and practical criticism relevant to the study of the fantastic in poetry in any language. Among the innovative approaches developed are a feminist-fantastic revisionary reading of Keat's Lamia and a conceptualization of the role of fantasy in the writing of holocaust poetry. In addition, the contributors analyze such works as C.S. Lewis's Dymer, Ed Dorn's Slinger, Victorian women's fantasies, the poetry of Margaret Atwood, Anne Sexton, Ursula K. Le Guin, and many others. Taken together, these essays should not only spark critical debate on the intersection of fantasy and poetry but also become the essential starting point for any new criticism of fantastic poems.

Christopher Marlowe is known not only as Shakespeare's most notable contemporary playwright, but also as one of the most intriguing figures of the English Renaissance. The mystery of his death in a fray at the age of 29 has inspired writers around the world, and his fiery career is no less intriguing. This New Casebook offers a wide-ranging selection of essays on Marlowe's major plays. Articles from the last two decades by leading critics of English early modern drama provide a variety of fresh, controversial and enlightening critical perspectives on five of Marlowe's plays: Tamburlaine the Great Parts One and Two, The Jew of Malta, Doctor Faustus, and Edward II.

Caribbean poetry written in English has been attracting growing amounts of scholarly attention. The first substantial annotated bibliography of primary and secondary materials related to the topic, this reference chronicles the development of Anglophone Caribbean poetry from 1970 through 2001. Included are nearly 900 entries for anthologies, reference works, conference proceedings, critical studies, interviews, and recorded works. The volume also includes a chronology, an overview of the development and significance of Caribbean poetry in English, and extensive indexes.

In 1971 the Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies held a conference on West Indian literature at the University of the West Indies. This was the first assembly for the discussion of West Indian literature by West Indian people on West Indian soil. Since then, interest in Caribbean poetry written in English has grown dramatically. Caribbean poetry was influenced by the American Black Power movement during the 1970s, and women poets began to contribute their voices throughout the 1980s. Caribbean poets have, in turn, gained greater access to publishing outlets, resulting in a wider international readership and a corresponding increase in scholarly and critical studies. This book is the first substantial annotated bibliography of primary and secondary materials related to Caribbean poetry written in English.

The volume begins with the rise of interest in Anglophone Caribbean poetry in the 1970s and continues through 2001. Included are entries for nearly 900 anthologies, reference works, conference proceedings, critical studies, interviews, and recordings. The entries are grouped in chapters devoted to particular types of works. In addition, the volume includes a chronology, a discussion of the history of Anglophone Caribbean poetry, and extensive indexes.

"Modern Poetry and Ethnography: Yeats, Frost, Warren, Heaney, and the Poet as Anthropologist maps a new approach to the works of W.B. Yeats, Robert Frost, Robert Penn Warren, and Seamus Heaney. Heuston analyzes the ways the works of each writer represent and explain a country or region (Ireland for Yeats, New England for Frost, the American South for Warren, and Northern Ireland for Heaney) as if the writers were anthropologists or ethnographers. This project argues provocatively that literary critics can benefit greatly from the insights and theories of anthropology and ethnography"--

Peter McDonald offers a controversial reading of twentieth-century British and Irish poetry centred on six figures, all of whom are critics as well as poets: W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, Louis MacNeice, Seamus Heaney, and Geoffrey Hill. Serious Poetry provocatively returns these writers to the elements of difficulty and cultural disagreement where they belong.

This book uses the theme of "debatable lands," a term first applied to disputed parts of the Anglo-Scottish border, to explore aspects of writing in the Romantic period. Walter Scott brought it to a wider public, and the phrase came to be applied, by metaphorical extension, to debates which were not so much geographical but intellectual, political or artistic. These debates are pursued in a collection of essays grouped under the headings "Britain and Ireland" and Europe and Beyond."

The twenty-first edition of the International Who's Who in Poetry is a unique and comprehensive guide to the leading lights and freshest talent in poetry today. Containing biographies of more than 4,000 contemporary poets world-wide, this essential reference work provides truly international coverage. In addition to the well known poets, talented up-and-coming writers are also profiled. Key Features: - each entry provides full career history and publication details - appendices section lists international prizes, organizations and poetry publications, lists of Poets Laureate.

Richard Cardwell was given the Elma Dangerfield Award of the International Byron Society for the best book on Byron in 2005-06 Byron, arguably, was and remains the most famous and infamous English poet in the modern period in Continental Europe. From Portugal in the West to Russia in the East, from Scandinavia in the North to Spain in the South he inspired and provoked, was adored and reviled, inspired notions of freedom in subject lands and, with it, the growth of national idealisms which, soon, would re-draw the map of Europe. At the same time the Byronic persona, incarnate in Childe Harold, Manfred, Lara and others, was received with enthusiasm and fear as experience demonstrated that Byron's Romantic outlook was two-edged, thrilling and appalling in the same moment. All the great writers-Goethe, Mickiewicz, Lermontov, Almeida Garret, Espronceda, Lamartine, among many others-strove to outdo, imitate, revise, and integrate the sublime Lord into their own cultures, to create new national voices, and to dissent from the old order. The volume explores Byron's European reception in its many guises, bringing new evidence, challenging old assumptions, and offering fresh perspectives on the protean impact of Lord Byron on the Continent. This book consistes of two volumes. Series Editor: Dr Elinor Shaffer FBA, Institute of Germanic & Romance Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London Contributors Richard A. Cardwell, University of Nottingham, UK Joanne Wilkes, University of Auckland, NZ Peter Cochran, Cambridge, UK Ernest Giddey, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Edoardo Zuccato, IULM University, Milan Giovanni Iamartino, University of Milan, Italy Derek Flitter, University of Birmingham, UK Maria Leonor Machado de Sousa, University of Lisbon, Portugal Mihaela Anghelescu Irimia, University of Bucharest, Romania Frank Erik Pointner, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Achim Geisenhansluke, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Theo D'haen, Leiden University, The Netherlands Martin Prochazka, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Miroslawa Modrzewska, University of Gdansk, Poland Orsolya Rakai, Budapest, Hungary Nina Diakonova, St. Petersburg, Russia Vitana Kostadinova, Plovdiv University, Bulgaria Jorgen E. Nielsen, Copenhagen, Denmark Bjorn Tysdahl, University of Oslo, Norway Ingrid Elam, Sweden Anahit Bekaryan, Institute of Fine Arts of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia Innes Merabishvili, State University of Tbilisi, Georgia Litsa Trayiannoudi, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Massimiliano Demata, Mansfield College, Oxford, UK

This collection of twelve critical essays on women's poetry of the eighteenth century and enlightenment is the first to range widely over individual poets and to undertake a comprehensive exploration of their work. Experiment with genre and form, the poetics of the body, the politics of gender, revolutionary critique, and patronage, are themes of the collection, which includes discussions of the distinctive projects of Mary Leapor, Ann Yearsley, Helen Maria Williams, Joanna Baillie, Charlotte Smith, Anna Barbauld and Lucy Aikin.

This book re-conceives Christina Rossetti's poetic identity by exposing the androcentric bias inherent in the histories of the Rossetti family and of Pre-Raphaelitism, by turning new attention to the Rossetti women, and by reconstituting a female and religious community for Rossetti's writing. Drawing on extensive archival research, Mary Arseneau investigates how Rossetti's religious faith sustains her poetic practice and authorizes her cultural and aesthetic critique; the result is a re-evaluation and re-contextualization of the whole range of Rossetti's writing.