This comprehensive annotated bibliography, the first of its kind, provides lengthy entries on articles dealing with black health published during three time periods from post reconstruction to 1960. The compilers', Mitchell F. Rice and Woodrow Jones, Jr., introduction reviews the literature that composes the bibliography and discusses trends in the mortality, morbidity, and health care utilization behaviors of blacks from slavery to the mid-20th century. This cogent essay places the social context of black health care into perspective and enhances both linkages to the dominant themes of each period and a fuller understanding of the history of health care inequities in the U.S. A companion volume by the same compilers', Black American Health: An Annotated Bibliography (Greenwood Press, 1987), treats the more recent literature of the 1970s and 1980s. Following the in-depth introduction, the bibliography is divided into three chapters that annotate literature from the post reconstruction to the early 20th century, 1871-1919; from 1920 to 1950; and from 1951-1960. Each entry consists of an item number, author, title and source, date of publication, and page numbers as well as an exceptionally thorough and thoughtful annotation that averages ten lines in length. Subject and author indexes complete the work which will prove invaluable to students, scholars, and researchers in the fields of black history, medicine, and public health.

This book is a quantitative assessment of the challenges China faces as it tries to achieve the twin goals of mitigating the effects of population aging while containing the overall size of the population. After a close examination of the impact of China's fertility policies on the country's population structure and size, the author presents empirical evidence for the effectiveness of finely calibrated easing of the country's decades-long birth control policies for both of these objectives. This research uses an innovative quantitative indicator-the Aging and Economic Coordination Index (AECI)-to measure the macroeconomic pressure population aging places on the country. This is the first time the AECI has been systematically applied to gauge the magnitude and the trends of that pressure for the 1980-2050 period, and to provide the basis for policy suggestions about what might be done to ease that pressure.

This volume is being published at a critical time in U.S. history and serves as a comprehensive and much-needed update to what is known about Latinx health. As both the United States and Latinx subgroups experience demographic shifts, it is critical to examine the current epidemiology of Latinx health, as well as the factors influencing the health and well-being of this growing population. Chapters in this book, written by highly respected experts, illuminate the diversity of the Latinx population and provide strategies to mitigate many of the challenges they face, including challenges related to migrating to new destinations. The book is designed to enrich dialogue around the multilevel determinants of Latinx health and concludes with a call to action for increased culturally congruent, theoretically informed and participatory Latinx health research. The book also encourages the mentorship and growth of early career and junior investigators to conduct research on Latinx health issues.A selection of the perspectives included among the chapters: Chronic disease and mental health issues in Latinx populations Substance use among Latinx adolescents in the United States Physical and intellectual and developmental disabilities in Latinx populations Health insurance reform and the Latinx population Immigration enforcement policies and Latinx health Research priorities for Latinx sexual and gender minorities Racial and ethnic discrimination, intersectionality, acculturation, and Latinx health New and Emerging Issues in Latinx Health is an invaluable compendium that provides a foundation of understanding Latinx health and well-being and guides future research and practice. The book is essential for researchers, practitioners, and students in the fields of public health and the social sciences including community and health psychology, health administration and policy, community health education, medical anthropology, medical sociology, population health, and preventive medicine. Moreover, the chapters in this volume are also relevant for federal, state, and local agencies, including health departments, and other Latinx- and immigrant-serving community organizations.

This book provides concrete scientific basis that we can conceive the possibility of modifying or even completely canceling aging process, despite the fact that aging is commonly regarded as the result of the overall effects of many uncontrollable degenerative phenomena. The authors illustrate in detail the mechanisms by which cells and the whole organism age. Actions by which it is possible, or will be possible within a limited time, to operate for modifying aging are also debated. The discussion is conducted within the frame and the concepts of evolutionary medicine, which is also indispensable for distinguishing between the manifestations of aging and: (i) diseases that worsen with age, and (ii) acceleration of normal aging rates, caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits and other avoidable factors. The book also discusses the impact of aging on overall mortality and the strange situation that, according to official statistics, aging does not exist as cause of death. This book is a turning point between a gerontology and geriatrics conceived as the study and vain treatment of an incurable condition and one in which these disciplines examine the how and why of a physiological phenomenon that can be modified up to a possible total control. This means transforming the medical prevention and treatment of physiological aging from the greatest failure to the greatest success of medicine.

This book introduces demographic applications which employ current demographic concepts and theories and cutting-edge methods and findings, all of which have and will continue to have an impact in the broad area of social demography. Through providing an introduction to new and current developments in demography, methodological and statistical issues, data issues, issues of health, aging and mortality, and issues in social demography, this book gives new insights into data, substantive issues, and methodological approaches that will assist readers in their use of demography in their research. At the same time it shows demographers, sociologists, economists, statisticians, methodologists, planners, and marketers how they may learn and improve upon the quality and relevance of their demographic investigations now and in the future.

An Introduction to Population Geographies provides a foundation to the incredibly diverse, topical and interesting field of twenty-first-century population geography. It establishes the substantive concerns of the subdiscipline, acknowledges the sheer diversity of its approaches, key concepts and theories and engages with the resulting major areas of academic debate that stem from this richness. Written in an accessible style and assuming little prior knowledge of topics covered, yet drawing on a wide range of diverse academic literature, the book's particular originality comes from its extended definition of population geography that locates it firmly within the multiple geographies of the life course. Consequently, issues such as childhood and adulthood, family dynamics, ageing, everyday mobilities, morbidity and differential ability assume a prominent place alongside the classic population geography triumvirate of births, migrations and deaths. This broader framing of the field allows the book to address more holistically aspects of lives across space often provided little attention in current textbooks. Particular note is given to how these lives are shaped though hybrid social, biological and individual arenas of differential life course experience. By engaging with traditional quantitative perspectives and newer qualitative insights, the authors engage students from the quantitative macro scale of population to the micro individual scale. Aimed at higher-level undergraduate and graduate students, this introductory text provides a well-developed pedagogy, including case studies that illustrate theory, concepts and issues.

'This timely tour d'horizon provides an informed and nuanced overview of Africa's regional designs and discourses'. - Timothy M. Shaw, Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, Dalhousie University, Canada;'At a time when Afro-pessimism appears to dominate development discourse, Professor Asante has written a book which should rekindle interest in Africa. He ably deploys his analytic skills and wealth of experience to handle one of the most problematic issues of our time. The lucid style makes his profound ideas accessible to policy makers, lecturers and students of Africa around the world'. - Professor M.J. Balogun, Senior Regional Adviser, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa;A critical appraisal of regionalism as a key strategy in Africa's development explaining the failures thus far of attempts at regional integration on the continent. This is the first text to highlight the main features of the new post-1990 regional initiatives such as the all-embracing African Economic Community and World Bank, IMF, African Development Bank, EC and French initiatives and the challenges to Africa from trading blocs elsewhere in the post-Uruguay Round environment.

This one-volume encyclopedia examines key topics, major world players, and imminent problems pertaining to the world's ever-growing population. According to the United Nations, the population of our planet reached 7 billion people in 2011. What areas of the world have the most people? What measures, if any, are in place to control the population? Why is Europe's population shrinking, while the rest of the world is growing? This eye-opening encyclopedia answers questions like these by examining significant issues and topics relating to the population and exploring profiles of the most populated countries and cities of the world. More than 100 alphabetically arranged entries focus on such topics as census, demography, megacity, overpopulation, and urban sprawl. Author Fred M. Shelley, an accomplished academic in the field of environmental sustainability, reveals the steps taken by major cities such as Rio de Janeiro, Paris, Tokyo, Beijing, Mexico City, Seoul, Manila, and New Delhi in handling their population, and what is being done in China and other countries to prevent overcrowding. The text includes a discussion of how factors like migration patterns, war, and disease impact population change. This comprehensive encyclopedia also includes primary document excerpts from court cases, legislation, and political speeches relating to population issues. Provides interesting facts and figures through informative sidebars Reveals the populations of major countries and cities of the world to illustrate where people reside most and least Features maps, charts, and graphs to support visual learning and to compare and contrast factors affecting birth rates, deaths, and overall population profiles Contains excerpts from documents such as legislation and speeches relating to population and critical issues Examines the implications of China's one-child policy on controlling the population

This perceptive volume presents conceptual, theoretical, and empirical approaches to social policy analysis comparing China and Nordic countries in their treatment of the elderly. An international panel of experts offers valuable policy insights into issues of housing, community care, family care, pensions and social security, and mental health as China translates and adapts Western examples, particularly those set by Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The book contrasts shared issues in the contexts of economic history, accountability and service improvements, and sustainability while also examining specifically Chi nese problems such as care gaps between urban and rural elders. Coverage also considers the centrality of aging policy in China as the nation works toward its long-term goal of eradicating poverty. Included among the topics: Building a welfare system with Chinese characteristics: from a residual type to moderate universalism. "Aging in community": historical and comparative study of aging welfare and social policy. Sweden: aging welfare and social policy in the 21st century. Policy responses to aging: care services for the elderly in Norway. China's elderly care policy and its future trends. Aging Welfare and Social Policy will interest professionals and researchers addressing questions of Chinese and comparative social policy, health psychologists, and sociologists focused on family, youth, and aging.

This edited book empirically discusses stratification in contemporary Japanese society. It is unique for its examination of social inequality in relation to declining fertility and an aging population. Japan is the most aged society in the world: according to the Statistics Bureau of Japan, people who are aged 65 and above comprised 29.1% of the country's total population in 2021. Meanwhile, the fertility rate has continuously declined since the mid-1970s. Japan experienced a dramatic change in its demographic structure in a short period of time. Such fast change could be a major factor that generated social stratification. In her industrialization, Japan was thought to share a pattern of social stratification similar to that of developed European and North American countries but with a low degree of socio-economic inequality and a high degree of homogeneity. There is no clear support for this description of Japan, although the country does share a pattern and degree of social stratification similar to that observed in Europe and North America. The social stratification theory has been developed in close relationship to the labor market; however, it is necessary to further examine the social stratification of very aged societies in which a substantial number of the population-namely, retired persons-no longer have any ties to the labor market. In this book, the contributors explore the pattern of social stratification at three life stages: young, middle-aged, and elderly. Included are discussions of various aspects of stratification such as education, work, wealth, marriage, family, gender, generation, and social attitudes.

This highly topical book explores key issues in evaluating the long-run implications of population ageing for pensions, taxation, intergenerational equity and social welfare. Societies face long-term phenomena, such as demographic change and climate change that impose costs and benefits far into the future. These present challenges for policymakers in planning intertemporal consumption paths that balance the goals of efficiency and equity. An exploration of these issues, with respect to population ageing in particular, is the primary motivation for this book. John Creedy and Ross Guest evaluate these problems with a particular focus on the role of concepts, assumptions and value judgements. This book will be a fascinating read for researchers interested in the social evaluation of population ageing and climate change. Public policy makers and advisers will find the analysis of practical policy questions such as alternative regimes for taxing public pensions of special interest. Graduate students of macroeconomics and public economics will also find helpful discussions of social discounting, the efficiency and equity effects of tax smoothing, and potential new effects of population ageing on labour productivity.

This book addresses the challenge of understanding human life. It compares our life experience with the attempts to grasp it by astrologers, eugenicists, psychologists, neuroscientists, social scientists, and philosophers. The main opposition among these specialties lies between understanding and misunderstanding. The book also addresses the central methodological difficulty of capturing a human life. It is first examined how certain approaches may lead to a misunderstanding of human life. The book contrasts the example of astrology-an accepted practice in ancient civilizations, but now classified among the pseudosciences-with astronomy, a full-fledged science since Galileo's time. Another, more recent approach regards human life as predetermined by genes: the methods used by eugenicists, and later by political regimes under the name of hereditarianism, came to compete with genetics. A broader analysis shows how astrology and eugenicism are not truly scientific approaches. Next, the book looks at the ways of capturing an imaginary or real human life story. A comprehensive approach will try to fully understand their complexity, while a more explanatory approach considers only certain specific phenomena of human life. For example, demography studies only births, deaths, and migration. Another crucial factor in the collection of life histories is memory and its transmission. Psychology and psychoanalysis have developed different schools to try to explain them. The book concludes with a detailed discussion of the concepts and tools that have been proposed in more recent times for understanding the various aspects of life stories: mechanisms, systems, hermeneutics, and autonomy.

Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) have become essential solutions for better living, preventing disease, and self-care, in addition to biomedical treatments, and for increasing longevity without loss of quality of life. Over the past 20 years, these practices have gone from general diet and hygiene advice to targeted and personalized solutions for prevention, care optimization, and curative treatments. Selected empirically for centuries or recently with the help of technological innovations and epigenetic, interventional, and medico-economic studies, their development is growing and diversifying around the world. Today an NPI ecosystem is made up of a myriad of public and private actors. As interest in NPIs grows, so do questions about safety, effectiveness, standardization, ethical practice, and surveillance. In this book, the author answers these questions with a scientific approach, because evidence-based science, evidence-based practice, clinical research, and data monitoring have revolutionized this field. Topics explored among the chapters include: * Defining Non-Pharmacological Interventions * The Benefits and Dangers of Non-Pharmacological Interventions * Motives and Facilitators of Non-Pharmacological Intervention Use * The Market for Non-Pharmacological Interventions * Evaluation of Non-Pharmacological Interventions * The Future of Non-Pharmacological Interventions Non-Pharmacological Interventions: An Essential Answer to Current Demographic, Health, and Environmental Transitions is a must-have resource for clinicians and other health professionals, researchers, students, health insurers, policy-makers, caregivers, and entrepreneurs in the health and wellness space, as well as any users who wish to inform themselves about NPIs.

This open access book presents new developments in the field of demographic forecasting, covering both mortality, fertility and migration. For each component emerging methods to forecast them are presented. Moreover, instruments for forecasting evaluation are provided. Bayesian models, nonparametric models, cohort approaches, elicitation of expert opinion, evaluation of probabilistic forecasts are some of the topics covered in the book. In addition, the book is accompanied by complementary material on the web allowing readers to practice with some of the ideas exposed in the book. Readers are encouraged to use this material to apply the new methods to their own data. The book is an important read for demographers, applied statisticians, as well as other social scientists interested or active in the field of population forecasting. Professional population forecasters in statistical agencies will find useful new ideas in various chapters.

Offering an original discussion of the gentrification phenomenon in Europe, this book provides new theoretical insights into classical works on the subject. Using a thorough analysis of the diversity of the forms, places and actors of gentrification in an attempt to isolate its 'DNA', the book addresses the place of social groups in cities, their competition over the appropriation of space, the infrastructure unequally offered to them by economic and political actors and the stakes of everyday social relationships.

Celebrating the 50th volume of the landmark Fertility, Reproduction and Sexuality series, this book offers a much-needed analysis of shifting reproductive policies and practices in the Islamic Republic of Iran, a society that is usually represented as either "revolutionary" or "oppressive." Instead, Tremayne reflects on more than four decades of research arguing that changing reproductive behaviors on the part of ordinary Iranians must always be viewed against the backdrop of core cultural values and traditions, which are often reinforced, instead of radically altered, by new reproductive technologies, juridical opinions, and state policies.

The world's population has grown by five billion people over the past century, an astounding 300 percent increase. Yet it is actually the decline in family size and population growth that is the issue attracting greatest concern in many countries. This eye-opening book looks at demographic trends in Europe, North America, and Asia-areas that now have low fertility rates-and argues that there is an essential yet often neglected political dimension to a full assessment of these trends. Political decisions that promote or discourage marriage and childbearing, facilitate or discourage contraception and abortion, and stimulate or restrain immigration all have played significant roles in recent trends.

This open access book attends to the co-creation of digital public services for ageing societies. Increasingly public services are provided in digital form; their uptake however remains well below expectations. In particular, amongst older adults the need for public services is high, while at the same time the uptake of digital services is lower than the population average. One of the reasons is that many digital public services (or e-services) do not respond well to the life worlds, use contexts and use practices of its target audiences. This book argues that when older adults are involved in the process of identifying, conceptualising, and designing digital public services, these services become more relevant and meaningful. The book describes and compares three co-creation projects that were conducted in two European cities, Bremen and Zaragoza, as part of a larger EU-funded innovation project. The first part of the book traces the origins of co-creation to three distinct domains, in which co-creation has become an equally important approach with different understandings of what it is and entails: (1) the co-production of public services, (2) the co-design of information systems and (3) the civic use of open data. The second part of the book analyses how decisions about a co-creation project's governance structure, its scope of action, its choice of methods, its alignment with strategic policies and its embedding in existing public information infrastructures impact on the process and its results. The final part of the book identifies key challenges to co-creation and provides a more general assessment of what co-creation may achieve, where the most promising areas of application may be and where it probably does not match with the contingent requirements of digital public services. Contributing to current discourses on digital citizenship in ageing societies and user-centric design, this book is useful for researchers and practitioners interested in co-creation, public sector innovation, open government, ageing and digital technologies, citizen engagement and civic participation in socio-technical innovation.

The book provides an interesting analysis of the time-use data to examine the extent to which active ageing is occurring in India. It also synthesizes data from the National Sample Survey Office All India Survey and another survey undertaken in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, and Ranchi (capital cities of East Indian states) to examine the role of the aged in the Indian Society. Nearly all countries in the world are experiencing an important issue of ageing. India faces its own set of challenges with its aging population due to the absence of a social security system-the shifting family dynamics questions the contribution of the elderly to the family in every aspect. Econometric models have been used in the book to study gender differences and variations across socio-economic conditions, correlating them to the contribution of the aged to their families and the extent of active ageing. The book broadens the understanding on the aged and facilitates their integration in the society so that they can age more actively. Active Ageing and Labour Market Engagement offers an analytical perspective to professionals, researchers, and policy makers interested in gerontology.

This two-volume work presents social cohesion and demographic challenges that are associated with low birth rates and population ageing. It does so from the perspective of citizens and key policy actors. The work analyses peoplesa (TM) attitudes about demographic trends and expectations towards private networks and public policies. It places these in the societal context of national specificities in the fourteen countries and regards them as part of the dynamics of the European integration process.

Volume 1 focuses on research findings related to family issues. Its main topics are: attitudes towards family and family change, value of children, fertility intentions, and views on work-family-balance. Particular attention is given to the acceptance of and expectations about family-policies. Additionally, the reader finds methodological and theoretical chapters and learns about the background of the DIALOG project. The methodological part provides the reader with a detailed description of opportunities to analyse the Population Policy Acceptance Study database (the database is attached on CD-Rom in Volume 2).

This book is the outcome of the DIALOG research project, funded by the European Commission under the 5th Framework Programme.

With more and more global economic wealth and power resting with fewer and fewer people, and given the acute land inequalities in the rural areas of Africa, Latin America, and Asia, how valid are the dominant theories about the nature of rural livelihoods? How can the intricacies of the economic and social transformations that are unfolding in the rural areas of developing countries best be understood? The authors of Equitable Rural Socioeconomic Change address these questions as they explore the interrelated themes of land inequality, climate dynamics, and technological innovation across varied rural landscapes, primarily in South Africa, but also in Rwanda, and Brazil.

This completely updated third edition of Millennials in America provides a wide range of characteristics profiling the demographic, social, and economic status of the millennial generation. While the baby boom generation occupies much of our social and political dialogue, the millennial generation is actually a larger generation. As the boomers age, their numbers will decrease while the millennials will be the driving social and political force in the coming decades. Millennials in America focuses on the those born between 1982-2001. Millennials in America is an invaluable source for helping people understand what the census data tells us about who we are, what we do, and where we live. Benefits of this publication include: It will fill an information gap due to the difficulty in extracting comparative data from the Census Bureau's American FactFinder dissemination system. Users will have comparative data in a single reference volume. It will eliminate the need for the data user to understand and manipulate detailed census data files and consolidate disparate tables in AFF. This publication utilizes the PUMS data which is the ONLY source of data that can be used to define precise age ranges for the millennial generation. The age detail available for census summary data simply aren't adequate for defining the millennials and therefore prohibit compilation of characteristics specific to this important generation.

This Year Book, now in its 115th year, provides insight into major trends in the North American Jewish communities and is the Annual Record of the North American Jewish Communities. The first two chapters of Part I examine Jewish immigrant groups to the US and Jewish life on campus. Chapters on "National Affairs" and "Jewish Communal Affairs" analyze the year's events. Three chapters analyze the demography and geography of the US, Canada, and world Jewish populations. Part II provides Jewish Federations, Jewish Community Centers, social service agencies, national organizations, overnight camps, museums, and Israeli consulates. The final chapters present national and local Jewish periodicals and broadcast media; academic resources, including Jewish Studies Programs, books, articles websites, and research libraries; and lists of major events in the past year, Jewish honorees, and obituaries. For those interested in the North American Jewish community-scholars, service providers, volunteers-this volume undoubtedly provides the single best source of information on the structure, dynamics, and ongoing religious, political, and social challenges confronting the community. It should be on the bookshelf of everyone interested in monitoring the dynamics of change in the Jewish communities of North America. Sidney Goldstein, Founder and Director, Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, and Alice Goldstein, Population Studies and Traini ng Center, Brown University The American Jewish Year Book is a unique and valuable resource for Jewish community professionals. It is part almanac, directory, encyclopedia and all together a volume to have within easy reach. It is the best, concise diary of trends, events, and personalities of interest for the past year. We should all welcome the Year Book's publication as a sign of vitality for the Jewish community. Brenda Gevertz, Executive Director, JPRO Network, the Jewish Professional Resource Organization