This book provides an up-to-date overview of demographic analysis and methods, including recent developments in demography. Concepts and methods, from the nature of demographic information through data collection and the basics of statistical measures and on to demographic analysis itself are succinctly explained. Measures and analyses of fertility, mortality, life tables, migration and demographic events such as marriage, education and labour force are described while later chapters cover multiple decrement tables, population projections, the importance of testing and smoothing demographic data, the stable population model and demographic software. An emphasis on practical aspects and the use of real-life examples based on data from around the globe make this book accessible, whilst comprehensive references and links to data and other resources on the internet help readers to explore further. The text is concise and well written, making it ideally suited to a wider audience from students to academics and teachers. Students of demography, geography, sociology, economics, as well as professionals, academics and students of marketing, human resource management, and public health who have an interest in population issues will all find this book useful.

Nelly Roussel (1878--1922) -- the first feminist spokeswoman for birth control in Europe -- challenged both the men of early twentieth-century France, who sought to preserve the status quo, and the women who aimed to change it. She delivered her messages through public lectures, journalism, and theater, dazzling audiences with her beauty, intelligence, and disarming wit. She did so within the context of a national depopulation crisis caused by the confluence of low birth rates, the rise of international tensions, and the tragedy of the First World War. While her support spread across social classes, strong political resistance to her message revealed deeply conservative precepts about gender which were grounded in French identity itself.

In this thoughtful and provocative study, Elinor Accampo follows Roussel's life from her youth, marriage, speaking career, motherhood, and political activism to her decline and death from tuberculosis in the years following World War I. She tells the story of a woman whose life and work spanned a historical moment when womanhood was being redefined by the acceptance of a woman's sexuality as distinct from her biological, reproductive role -- a development that is still causing controversy today.

First published in 1992, Assessing the Demographic Impact of Development Projects based on studies in developing countries focuses on conceptual, methodological and policy issues related to development projects. It considers whether demographic effects can be assessed and why development planners should be interested in such an assessment. A.S. Oberai examines the extent to which economic and social changes generated by specific development interventions have influenced demographic behaviour in a particular context. He suggests how desired effects can be enhanced and undesired effects minimized by policy makers and planners in developing countries in order to deal with problems of population growth and its distribution. The major shortcomings of existing methodologies are identified, and the author indicates the future direction which research might take in order to be more scientifically valid and useful to policy makers. This book is a must read for scholars and researchers of development studies, political economy and labour economy.

The condition of childhood and youth in different socio-cultural contexts is an area that is yet to be fully uncovered. Currently, there is a lack of understanding regarding young people's inherent rights, how these translate into day-to-day policy and why the experience of childhood differs across different socio-cultural realities. This book, written by experts in the field from India, The Philippines, Sweden, Romania, Scotland, Brazil, Argentina and Jamaica, seeks to redress this disconnect and take an in-depth exploration into the condition of childhood across 3 different continents.Firstly, the authors explore the fundamental rights of children and young people, in which the boundaries and possibilities of guaranteeing and effecting rights are presented, also drawing attention to the new ways in which contemporary generations have resisted the waves of exclusion and marginalization. This important text then explores the idea of sociocultural differentiation and unity, presented through a series of innovative studies that illuminate the similarities and differences in living conditions of children and young people in different contexts. This volume, with both a comparative focus and global reach, will prove invaluable for researchers in the fields of childhood education and sociology.

This volume is an important study in demographic history. It draws on the individual returns from the 1891, 1901 and 1911 censuses of England and Wales, to which Garrett, Reid, Schurer and Szreter were permitted access ahead of scheduled release dates. Using the responses of the inhabitants of thirteen communities to the special questions included in the 1911 'fertility' census, they consider the interactions between the social, economic and physical environments in which people lived and their family-building experience and behaviour. Techniques and approaches based in demography, history and geography enable the authors to re-examine the declines in infant mortality and marital fertility which occurred at the turn of the twentieth century. Comparisons are drawn within and between white-collar, agricultural and industrial communities, and the analyses, conducted at both local and national level, lead to conclusions which challenge both contemporary and current orthodoxies.

Although we may not think we notice them, storefronts and their signage are meaningful, and the impact they have on people is significant. What the Signs Say argues that the public language of storefronts is a key component to the creation of the place known as Brooklyn, New York. Using a sample of more than two thousand storefronts and over a decade of ethnographic observation and interviews, the study charts two very different types of local Brooklyn retail signage. The unique and consistent features of many words, large lettering, and repetition that make up Old School signage both mark and produce an inclusive and open place. In contrast, the linguistic elements of New School signage, such as brevity and wordplay, signal not only the arrival of gentrification, but also the remaking of Brooklyn as distinctive and exclusive. Shonna Trinch and Edward Snajdr, a sociolinguist and an anthropologist respectively, show how the beliefs and ideas that people take as truths about language and its speakers are deployed in these different sign types. They also present in-depth ethnographic case studies that reveal how gentrification and corporate redevelopment in Brooklyn are intimately connected to public communication, literacy practices, the transformation of motherhood and gender roles, notions of historical preservation, urban planning, and systems of privilege. Far from peripheral or irrelevant, shop signs say loud and clear that language displayed in public always matters.

- Build New Dynamics of Population. - Defines differential-integral equation for marriage probability. - Reviews theoretical predictions of demographic alterations.

This book examines the long term consequences of improvements in life expectancy in the mid 20th century which are partly responsible for the growth of the elderly population in the developing world. Rapid demographic changes in child and infant mortality due to the reduction in and better treatment of disease were not often accompanied by parallel increases in standard of living. Lower mortality led to greater survival by those who had suffered poor early life conditions. As a consequence, the early life of these survivors may explain older adult health and in particular the projected increase in adult health disease and diabetes. Recent dietary changes may only compound such early life effects. This study presents findings from historical and survey data on nearly 147,000 older adults in 20 low-, middle- and high-income countries which suggest that the survivors of poor early life conditions born during the 1930s-1960s are susceptible to disease later in life, specifically diabetes and heart disease. As the evidence that the aging process is shaped throughout the entire life course increases, this book adds to the knowledge regarding early life events and older adult health.

Demographic change is one of the most crucial issues of our time. This book sheds light on the demographic implications companies face. Based on an integrated framework, the book investigates three important perspectives: An economic and social perspective helps organisations and managers better understand the basic parameters of demographic change and its influences on the labour market. A human resources and leadership perspective reveals how age management can help retain employees of different age groups as motivated and productive workforce members. An innovation and marketing perspective examines how companies can exploit the potentials that senior customers offer. A combination of research-driven and practice-oriented chapters makes this book a profound and an interesting read. It primarily addresses executives from various organisational fields, including HR, marketing, and management. Professional trainers, scholars and students of economy and business will also gain valuable insights."Dr. Guenter Pfeiffer, Chief Personnel Officer and member of the Executive Board, Swisscom Group"

"New approaches are required to restructuring, redeployment and age management that go beyond the typical instruments of part-time models and flexible retirement schemes."

"Dr. Guenter Pfeiffer, Chief Personnel Officer and member of the Executive Board, Swisscom Group"

"Recognising the business consequences of the demographic developments and taking these into consideration are imperative for the competitiveness of not only companies, but also entire economies."""

"Bundespraesident a.D. Prof. Dr. Roman Herzog"

"Former President of the Federal Republic of Germany"""

At the low-water bridge below Tom Miller Dam, west of downtown Austin, during the summer of his tenth or eleventh year, Ken Roberts had his first encounter with cedar choppers. On his way to the bridge for a leisurely afternoon of fishing, he suddenly found himself facing a group of boys who clearly came from a different place and culture than the middle-class, suburban community he was accustomed to. Rather, "...they looked hard--tanned, skinny, dirty. These were not kids you would see in Austin." When Roberts's fishing companion curtly refused the strangers' offer to sell them a stringer of bluegills, the three boys went away, only to reappear moments later, one of them carrying a club. Roberts and his friend made a hasty retreat. This encounter provoked in the author the question, "Who are these people?" The Cedar Choppers: Life on the Edge of Nothing is his thoughtful, entertaining, and informative answer. Based on oral history interviews with several generations of cedar choppers and those who knew them, this book weaves together the lively, gritty story of these largely Scots-Irish migrants with roots in Appalachia who settled on the west side of the Balcones Fault during the mid-nineteenth century, subsisting mainly on hunting, trapping, moonshining, and, by the early twentieth century, cutting, transporting, and selling cedar fence posts and charcoal. The emergence of Austin as a major metropolitan area, especially after the 1950s, soon brought the cedar choppers and their hillbilly lifestyle into direct confrontation with the gentrified urban population east of the Balcones Fault. This clash of cultures, which provided the setting for Roberts's encounter as a young boy, propels this first book-length treatment of the cedar choppers, their clans, their culture and mores, and their longing for a way of life that is rapidly disappearing.

Population growth, reproductive health and reproductive rights are amongst the most pressing issues facing governments and the international community. Since the world's governments agreed for the first time on far-reaching and enlightened population policies at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, a good deal of progress has been made on these issues, but major challenges remain.This fully updated edition of Creating a New Consensus on Population charts international progress on efforts to address population and development, reproductive health, reproductive rights, religion, contraception and the empowerment of women. Historical coverage includes the lead up process to the ICPD, the conference itself and the global consensus and the ICPD Programme of Action that resulted. The book then turns to how population issues have developed over the past decade and a half including follow-up and implementation at the international level by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and other UN agencies and organizations. Key international events are covered including the 1999 ICPD+5, Millennium Summit 2000, ICPD+10 and the 2005 MDG+5 as well as relevant regional events. The book also examines the reorientation of policies and programmes and implementation at national levels across the world. Crucially, it looks at emerging issues and partnerships including the increasing role of NGOs, women's groups, youth groups, foundations, public-private partnerships and other non-state stakeholders. Written by Jyoti Shankar Singh, former ICPD Executive Coordinator, this is the definitive account of how the international community has engaged with population issues and policies and it offers insight into both the ongoing challenges as well as how an international consensus can be forged on crucial global issues. It is essential reading for all those involved in population, health and development issues and policies world-wide.

'Jha is the right scholar and economist to take readers through the development of the Indian economy. Readers will be in good hands.' -Edmund Phelps, Columbia University, USA, and winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Economics 'This is perhaps the best and most scholarly contribution to understanding the Indian Economy and Society. Its rich historical perspective and a profound understanding of how India has evolved into a major economic power set standards of scholarship and analytical rigour that will be hard to surpass". -Raghav Gaiha, University of Manchester, UK 'Linking of economy and society is increasingly recognised as essential for addressing policy challenges by the current phase of globalisation. As such this study should be valuable not just for those studying India, but also for those interested in global developments.' -Mukul Asher, National University of Singapore, Singapore 'This book is a tour-de-force review of the fundamental topics on the Indian political economy and society that are relevant for any committed social scientist to be aware of.' -Sumit K. Majumdar, University of Texas at Dallas, USA This two-volume work provides an account of how India has been meeting its myriad of economic, political and social challenges and how things are expected to evolve in the future. Despite enormous challenges at the time of independence, India chose to address them within a secular, liberal, democratic framework, which guaranteed several fundamental rights. Challenges included intense mass poverty and hunger, very poor literacy and educational abilities of the population, the task of uniting a country with scores of languages and ethnicities ruled by different entities for decades and persistent threats of external aggression, to name just a few. Over time, incomes and opportunities have expanded enormously and India has regained her self-confidence as a nation. In this first volume, Jha presents a long view of the performance of the Indian economy and discusses key aspects of India's population, land and labor. In addition, the Indian Constitution and basic structure of governance are analysed within the context of major economic and political developments in independent India.

Across the EU, populations are shrinking and ageing. An increasing burden is being placed on a smaller working population to generate the taxes required for pensions and care costs. Welfare states are weakening in many countries and across Europe, households are being increasingly expected to plan for their retirement and future care needs within this risky environment. At the same time, the proportion of people buying their own home in most countries has risen, so that some two-thirds of European households now own their homes. Housing equity now considerably exceeds total European GDP.

This book discusses questions like: to what extent might home ownership provide a potential cure for some of the consequences of ageing populations by realizing housing equity in order to meet the consumption needs of older people? What does this mean for patterns of inheritance and longer-term inequalities across Europe? And to what extent are governments banking on their citizens utilising their housing wealth now and in the future? "

* This book explores the issues and controversies revolving around the National Population Register (NPR) and National Register of Citizenship (NRC) in India, through the lens of ethnicity and religion * It examines the linkages between census enumeration, counting, and classification of population * Will be useful for students, researchers, and teachers of population studies, population geography, migration studies, sociology, political geography, and legal journalism across UK and US. It will also be of interest to political geographers, policymakers, legal journalists, political parties NGOs, and civil societies.

E.A. Wrigley, the leading historian of industrial England, exposes the inadequacy of what was once accepted wisdom regarding England's industrial revolution and suggests what he believes should replace it. He examines the issues from three viewpoints: economic growth; the transformation of the urban-rural balance; and demographic change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In addition, he shows why England's early modern economy and society grew faster and more dynamically than its continental neighbors.

This book focuses on the transformation of rural places, peoples, and land endemic to the contemporary manifestations of globalization. Migration, global economic restructuring, and climate change are rapidly transforming rural places across the globe. Yet, global attention characteristically focuses on urban social and economic issues, neglecting the continued roles of rural people and places. Organized around the three core themes of demographic change, rural-urban partnerships and innovations, and landscape change, the case studies included in this volume represent both the Global North and Global South and underscore the complexity and multi-scalar nature of these contemporary challenges in rural development, planning, and sustainability. This book would be valuable supplementary reading for both students and professionals in the fields of rural land management and rural planning.

Urban Renewal and Resistance: Race, Space, and the City in the Late Twentieth to Early Twenty-First Century examines how urban spaces are rhetorically constructed through discourses that variously justify or resist processes of urban growth and renewal. This book combines insights from critical geography, urban studies, and communication to explore how urban spaces, like Detroit and Harlem, are rhetorically structured through neoliberal discourses that mask the racialized nature of housing and health in American cities. The analysis focuses on city planning documents, web sites, media accounts, and draws on insights from personal interviews in order to pull together a story of city growth and its consequences, while keeping an eye on the ways city residents continue to confront and resist control over their communities through counter-narratives that challenge geographies of injustice. Recommended for scholars of communication studies, journalism, sociology, geography, and political science.

This open access book collects the major discussions in divorce research in Europe. It starts with an understanding of divorce trends. Why was divorce increasing so rapidly throughout the US and Europe and do we see signs of a turn? Do cohabitation breakups influence divorce trends or is there a renewed stability on the partner market?In terms of divorce risks, the book contains new insights on Eastern European countries. These post socialist countries have evolved dramatically since the fall of the Wall and at present they show the highest divorce figures in Europe. Also the influence of gender, and more specifically women's education as a risk in divorce is examined cross nationally. The book also provides explanations for the negative gradient in female education effects on divorce. It devotes three separate parts to new insights in the post-divorce effects of the life course event by among others looking at consequences for adults and children but also taking the larger family network into account. As such the book is of interest to demographers, sociologists, psychologists, family therapists, NGOs, and politicians. "This wide-ranging volume details important trends in divorce in Europe that hold implications for understanding family dissolution causes and consequences throughout the world. Highly recommended for researchers and students everywhere."

Tanzania has been considered a model for development, peace, and stability despite the arrival of refugees from neighboring countries and the potential tensions related to climate change. Although it has accessed the rank of middleincome country, Tanzania still faces several challenges, particularly in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. The book aims at analyzing these challenges as well as the country's successes through a multi-disciplinary approach considering economic perspectives as well as conflict prevention, dialogue integration, climate change adaptation, forests' protection, and social perspectives - especially relating to women and girls. The current Covid situation has shaken the whole world and raised many questions on how the different regions and countries could adapt and develop resilience strategies in an uncertain and ever-changing context. Therefore, the book is not only about Tanzania but also about what we can learn from the research on Tanzania in terms of vulnerabilities and resilience strategies. This book is an outlook of International Development Challenges. This book is co-funded by the European Union in the framework of the project Pilot 4 Research and Dialogue.

The book To Understand the Future Management: Managing through Digital Transformation indicates the place of rapidly developing digitalization in business life and its contributions to organizations. Digitalization brings significant advantages in terms of reducing costs, saving time, accelerating internal and external communication, saving and storing data easily. For this reason, it has become a necessity to understand the extent of the effect of digitalization on the functions and methods that all profit and non-profit organizations benefit while performing their management functions.

There is growing awareness of the common difficulties experienced by poor young people who grow up in cities--crime and juvenile delinquency, limited access to education, the spread of infectious diseases, homelessness, and high rates of unprotected sex. They must contend with weak families and social institutions, poor labor market prospects, and for the most unfortunate, the ravages of gang war and the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Chapters in this volume present and assess comparative evidence on the well-being of urban youth and proven interventions for assuaging the deleterious effects of poverty.

This book provides an insightful sociological study of the declining Japanese population, using statistical analysis to establish the significance of municipal power using demographic data on national, regional, prefectural and municipal levels. Penned by one of Japan's eminent sociologists, it provides a quantitative characterization of population decline in Japan with a focus on regional variation, and identifies the principal explanatory factors through GPI statistical software tools such as G-census and EvaCva, within a historical perspective. Furthermore, it offers a qualitative assessment of what constitutes 'municipal power' as this relates to regional/local revitalization as a means of addressing municipal population decline. Using Goki-Shichido as a theoretical framework, this book pays special attention to municipal variations within the same prefecture, presenting a completely unique approach. In combining these two dimensions of analyses, the book successfully reveals the impact of municipal power and socio-cultural identity of social capital in the region, from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives at the municipal level. Demography issues in Japan have been receiving increasing attention among researchers given the growing number of declining populations in developed countries, in tandem with rapid aging and low fertility trends. Providing an original and unique contribution to regional population analysis in the fields of regional demography, historical demography and regional population policy, this book shows that the revitalization of the community is vital if Japan is to increase its population, so as to renew a community 'raison d'etre'. The book is of interest to scholars of Asian studies more broadly, and to sociologists, demographers, and policymakers interested in population studies, specifically. "Providing an informative and vivid overview of the demographic situation of Japan, the author offers excellent suggestions for effective regional policy in confronting a shrinking society. This book presents a unique analysis of the regional variations on small municipal levels, with demographic variables, social indicators and historical identities. An original contribution to regional population analysis in the fields of regional population policy, regional demography and historical demography." - Toshihiko Hara, Professor Emeritus, Sapporo City University

This handbook provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of African population dynamics, variations, causes and consequences, demonstrating the real-world applications of research in policies and programmes.

African demography has come of age. Over 50 years, the discipline has grown exponentially in the number of training and research institutions, specialist experts and academic output, all with an aim of addressing the enormous demographic challenges faced by the continent. The book draws on old and emerging analytical tools to explore the relationships between population dynamics and social, economic, cultural and political environments from African perspectives. Key topics include fertility, sexual behaviours, healthcare, ageing, mortality, migration, displacement, the causes and consequences of demographic changes and teaching and research developments in African demography.

The Routledge Handbook of African Demography will be an essential resource for students and researchers of African demography, sociology, development and cultural studies.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Introductory Chapters 1. Introduction, Clifford O. Odimegwu and Yemi Adewoyin 2. Population Structure of Africa - Spatiotemporal Patterns and Development Linkages, Yemi Adewoyin and Clifford Odimegwu Part 2: Demographic Training and Research 3. Demographic Training in African Institutions: Past, Present and Future, Alfred Agwanda Otieno and Lawrence Ikamari 4. African Demographic Research: Progress and Challenges, Michel Garenne 5. Indirect Estimation Techniques and Statistical Modeling in African Demographic Research, Joshua O. Akinyemi and Sunday A. Adedini 6. The Demographic Research in Lusophone Africa: What is Known and What Needs to Be Done?, Carlos Arnaldo, Rogers Hansine and Nelson C. Zavale 7. Old, Contemporary and Emerging Sources of Demographic Data in Africa, Babatunde M. Gbadebo 8. Demographic Operations in distress? The Case of French-Speaking African Countries South of the Sahara, Françoise Gubry and Francis Gendreau Part 3: Marriage, Fertility, and SRH 9. Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa, Michel Garenne 10. The Construction of Teen Pregnancy and Child Marriage in Africa, Timalizge Zgambo 11. Trends and Patterns in Fertility and its Proximate Determinants in sub-Saharan Africa, David I. Ojakaa 12. Fertility Transition in Africa: What do We Know and What have We Learned about Fertility Stalls?, David A. Sánchez-Páez and Bruno Schoumaker 13. Contraception, Boladé Hamed Banougnin and Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa 14. Before Pills and Injectables: Systematic review of drivers of traditional contraceptive practice in sub-Saharan-Africa, Justin Dansou, Fidelia A. A. Dake and Robert Y. Djogbenou 15. From Post-Colonialism to Cairo to Now: The [un]changing ideas of reproductive health and family planning in Africa, Sasha Frade 16. Demography of Sexuality Studies in Africa, Joshua O. Akinyemi, Nicole De Wet and Clifford O. Odimegwu Part 4: Gender in African Demography 17. Gender in African Demographic Research: A Scoping Review, Lorretta Favour Chizomam Ntoimo and Clifford O. Odimegwu 18. Gender Norms and Sexual Behavior among very Young Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review 19.Beatrice W. Maina, Chimaraoke Izugbara, Yandisa Sikweyiya, Ivy Nandongwa and Caroline W. Kabiru 20. Gender-Based Violence in Africa, Marifa Muchemwa Part 5: Environment, Health, and Demography 21. The Disaster–Fertility Nexus in Sub-Saharan African Countries, Khandaker Jafor Ahmed and Yan Tan 22. Urban Health Dimensions of Demographic Research in Africa – A Systematic Review, Yemi Adewoyin 23. Demography of Inequality in Healthcare Access in Africa, Samuel Mwangi Wanjiku, Giuseppe T. Cirella, Alex Njeru and Jacob Kazungu 24. HIV/AIDS in the population: its levels, correlates, impact, policies and programs, Pamela Chirwa-Banda 25. The Double Burden of Malnutrition among Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of the Literature, Mpho Keetile, Kannan Navaneetham and Gobopamang Letamo 26. Child Disability and Deprivation: A Conceptual, Theoretical and Empirical Review of the Sub-Saharan African Literature, Arlette Simo Fotso and Larissa Nawo 27. Effect of economic growth on maternal and child health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review of the empirical evidence, Helena Yeboah and Sanni Yaya 28. Human Health Effects of Desertification in Sub Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review, Manikandan A.D and Vinod Joseph Kannankeril Joseph 29. Climate Change and Population Displacement in Africa, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, Gabriela Narcizo de Lima and Daniel Esteban Quiroga Part 6: Migration 29.. Internal migration in sub-Saharan Africa: Dynamics, destinations, and Implications, Vollan Ochieng, Razak M Gyasi and Blessing Mberu 30. Changing Perspectives of Internal Migration in East Africa Revisited, Alfred Agwanda, Mary Muyonga, Milton Adieri and George Odipo 31. International Migration and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Aderanti Adepoju Part 7: Demographic Dividend 32.The Demography of Human Capital Formation in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1950-2100, Claudia Reiter, Anne Goujon and Samir K.C 33. Demographic Transition and Development in Africa, Patricia Agupusi 34.The Economic Lifecycle and Africa’s Demographic Dividend: Evidence from National Transfer Accounts, Morné Oosthuizen 35. Demographic Dividend Monitoring Index Conceptual Framework and Case Studies in Africa, Latif Dramani, Edem Akpo, Jean Baptiste Oga, Camille Détondji Guidimé, Silvere Konan, Sam Agbahoungba, Dalomi Bahan, Cheikh Tidiane Ndiaye and Crispin Mabika Part 8: Ageing 36.Ageing in sub-Saharan Africa: Demographic and Historical Perspectives, Ayo S. Adebowale, Obiageli Onwusaka, Mobolaji M. Salawu, Segun Bello and David A. Adewole 37. Intergenerational Family Support and the Health and Well-Being of Older Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Systematic Review, Mark A. Aviisah, Hinke H. Haisma and Tobias C. Vogt Part 9: Mortality 38. Causes of Death and the Double Burden of Disease in Africa: Evidence from the sub-Saharan Africa, N.N. Wekwete and K. Mangombe 39. Dynamics of Adult Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: are there Prospects for Decline?, Ayo S. Adebowale, Adeniyi F. Fagbamigbe, Tubosun Olowolafe and Rotimi F. Afolabi 40. Maternal Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of Measurement, Levels and Determinants, Dorothy N. Ononokpono, Bernard Baffour, Nsidibe Usoro and Olukemi Adebola 41. Estimating Maternal Mortality: Surveillance Methods and Agenda for Improvement, Oluwatosin Ariyo and Henry Victor Doctor 42. Infant and child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: an overview of levels, determinants, interventions and updates on estimation techniques, Sunday A. Adedini and Joshua O. Akinyemi Part 10: Concluding matters 43.Anthropological Demography in Africa, Daniel Jordan Smith 44. The Role of Quality Data in Changing HIV/AIDS Trajectory and Narratives in Sub-Saharan Africa, Jacob A. Adetunji 45. The State of the African Demographic Transition, 1990-2016, Lungile F. Motsa and Clifford O. Odimegwu

This book presents fundamental concepts and general approaches to City Logistics. City Logistics is the process of totally optimising urban logistics activities by considering the social, environmental, economic, financial and energy impacts of urban freight movement. City Logistics initiatives are required to solve urban freight transport problems including high levels of traffic congestion, negative environmental impacts, high energy consumption and a shortage of labour.
The focus of this work is on modelling City Logistics. Modelling is of crucial importance, since estimates of the impacts generated by City Logistics measures are required for evaluating them. It highlights the formulation of mathematical models of vehicle routing and scheduling with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), optimal terminal locations and impact estimation by City Logistics measures. Heuristics techniques such as genetic algorithms, simulated annealing and tabu search are also given to identify approximate optimal solution of these combinatorial optimisation problems.
ITS provides powerful tools for efficiently managing and operating vehicle fleets. Sophisticated logistics systems can now be developed by integrating Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in conjunction with application software. In this context, the book presents a theoretical and practical treatment of modelling City Logistics based on ITS.