America has recently rediscovered its sweatshops. High profile scandals-from Kathy Lee to Nike-have brought the shocking and substandard conditions of factories to light, causing more Americans to become aware of the relationship between the American consumer and foreign laborer. Focusing on sweatshops located in the United States as well as those abroad whose products are purchased by American consumers, these essays offer a historical perspective on sweatshops and on their role in global migration and economics. They also chronicle efforts to control and eradicate sweatshops and suggest how these campaigns were and remain both national and global.

A case study about the work of IT IS and Sarvodaya, a Sri Lankan development charity, in establishing the local production of educational pre-school toys. Full colour photographs illustrate the production process and end results.

Traditional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have tremendous applications, but their performance can be limited due to the limited processing and communication power of wireless sensor nodes. Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks: Applications, Architectures, and Challenges examines how wireless sensor nodes with cognitive radio capabilities can address these challenges and improve the spectrum utilization. This premier reference work presents a broader picture on the applications, architecture, challenges, and open research directions in the area of WSN research. It serves as a reference book for graduate students in courses on topics such as wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio networks, and emerging wireless technologies.

Structure and Performance of Manufacturing in Kenya explores the factors affecting business and investment decisions by Kenya's formal and informal manufacturing firms. The analysis of panel data provides insights into the effects of the existing business environment and policy changes on enterprise performance in the context of structural adjustment. Firm structure, labor and financial markets, investment behavior, productivity, export performance, firm growth, and the impact of policy reforms and infrastructure problems are also investigated.

This book provides the latest models, methods and guidelines for networked enterprises to enhance their competitiveness and move towards innovative high performance and agile industrial systems.In the new global market, competitiveness and economic growth rely greatly on the move toward innovative high performance industrial systems and agile networked enterprises through the creation and consolidation of non-hierarchical manufacturing networks of multi-national SMEs as opposed to networks based on powerful large-scale companies. Network performance can be significantly improved through more harmonious and equitable peer-to-peer inter-enterprise relationships, conforming decentralized and collaborative decision-making models.Traditional hierarchical manufacturing networks are based on centralized models, where some of the actors involved must adapt themselves to the constraints defined by those who are most dominant. Real-world experiences of such models have revealed some major problems due to the centralized vision of the supply chain and the sub-optimal performance of centralized decision-making. For the current highly dynamic markets, this generates major inefficiencies in operation throughout the supply chain.This book collects the latest research regarding non-hierarchical manufacturing networks and provides enterprises with valuable models, methods and guidelines to improve their competitiveness.

Discussing how and by what paths Japan and Korea have built competitive and innovative capital goods sectors, this text examines the role of user firms in shaping the innovation dynamics of capital goods. These firms are represented in this study by car makers in both countries - companies which have involved themselves in the technical and entrepreneurial entry into machine tools along with active investments. The suggested consequence of this is an increased competitive advantage and competence of their specialized suppliers.

Reviews the chemical and physical properties, care and treatment of hair, including product development. The book discusses ethnic hair, its appropriate management measures and products; emphasizes manufacturing and sales strategies for domestic and international product viability; surveys instrumental methods for product performance evaluation; presents sensory and market research techniques for optimum consumer satisfaction; and more.

Aiming to change the paradigms of traditional management strategies, this work attempts to create an improved platform within the total quality management umbrella for supporting the profit motive by offering hands-on instructions for applying the theory of constraints in the manufacturing system. The book provides updated information in each area discussed.

A solid, rigorous, yet comprehensible analysis of process capability indices, this work bridges the gap between theoretical statisticians and quality control practitioners, showing how an understanding of these indices can lead to process improvement.

This book examines the application of key elements of the Japanese Production System to five East Asian countries whose social and managerial environments differ from each other as well as from those of Japan. To analyse the key elements, a working model was constructed and applied. Using this model, these Japanese plants are also compared with those in the US where a previous study was undertaken. It includes contributions from leading researchers and academics.

In this book, author Sadao Nomura taps into his decades of experience leading and advising Toyota operations in a wide variety of operations to tell the story of radical improvement at Toyota Logistics & Forklift (TL&F). This book tells in great detail what the author did with TL&F, how they did it, and the dramatic results that ensued. TL&F has long been a global leader in its industry. TL&F is part of Toyota Industries Corporation, which was founded by Toyota Group founder Sakichi Toyoda almost 100 years ago. Sakichi Toyoda is legendary in the Lean community as the originator of the all-important "JIDOKA" pillar of TPS, which ensures 1) built-in quality and 2) respect for people through ensuring that technology works for people rather than the other way around. Although TL&F seemed to be performing well, insiders knew that, as the founding company of the Toyota group, it needed to do better, especially in the quality performance of its global subsidiary operations. But improvement would not be easy in a company that already prided itself in its history as an exemplar in providing highest quality products and services. In 2006, TL&F requested assistance from Sadao Nomura. The initial request was for Mr. Nomura to support quality improvement in three global operations that had become part of TL&F through acquisition: US, Sweden, and France. Improvement was expected at these affiliates, but the dramatic nature of the improvement was not. Further, the improvement activities were so powerful that they were also instituted at the parent operations in Japan. Over a period of almost ten years, the company with the name most associated with product quality experienced quality improvement unparalleled in its history. "Dantotsu" means "extreme," "radical," or "unparalleled."

Energy consumption is of great interest to manufacturing companies. Beyond considering individual processes and machines, the perspective on process chains and factories as a whole holds major potentials for energy efficiency improvements. To exploit these potentials, dynamic interactions of different processes as well as auxiliary equipment (e.g. compressed air generation) need to be taken into account. In addition, planning and controlling manufacturing systems require balancing technical, economic and environmental objectives. Therefore, an innovative and comprehensive methodology - with a generic energy flow-oriented manufacturing simulation environment as a core element - is developed and embedded into a step-by-step application cycle. The concept is applied in its entirety to a wide range of case studies such as aluminium die casting, weaving mills, and printed circuit board assembly in order to demonstrate the broad applicability and the benefits that can be achieved.

Transfer pricing is considered a new and complex concept in terms of guidelines and regulations. In this context, more and more academics and tax professionals are interested in understanding the mechanism of a transfer pricing analysis. The main objective of the book is to help them in this process by presenting in a practical approach (using case studies and schemes) and in accordance with the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations the way in which are operating the basic transfer pricing elements. Moreover, considering that the manufacturing sector is the chief wealth-producing sector of the global economy, the book illustrates complete transfer pricing analyses applicable for manufacturing transactions (using Orbis database). In the end, the book presents some recent disputes between manufacturing entities and tax authorities in relation to the transfer pricing analysis for manufacturing transactions. Chapter "TAMSAT" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Around the world, leading economies are announcing significant progress on climate change. World leaders are queuing up to proclaim their commitment to tackling the climate crisis, pointing to data that shows the progress they have made. Yet the atmosphere is still warming at a record rate, with devastating effects on poverty and precarity in the world's most vulnerable communities. Are we being deceived? Climate change is devastating the planet, and globalisation is hiding it. This book opens our eyes. Carbon colonialism explores the murky practices of outsourcing a country's environmental impact, where emissions and waste are exported from rich countries to poorer ones; a world in which corporations and countries are allowed to maintain a clean, green image while landfills in the world's poorest countries continue to expand, and droughts and floods intensify under the auspices of globalisation, deregulation and economic growth. Taking a wide-ranging, culturally engaged approach to the topic, the book shows how this is not only a technical problem, but a problem of cultural and political systems and structures - from nationalism to economic logic - deeply embedded in our society. -- .

This book explores the superiority of the management systems found in world class Japan manufacturers and the process by which these systems are being imported to the USA. The concept of Japanese manufacturing methods, in particular the system known as "lean production," is transforming American industry. The editors and contributors use the term "Japanese Advanced Manufacturing Systems" to refer to social, organizational, and technological systems used by world class Japanese manufacturers. They look at the system at the factory level, the corporate system level, and at a level outside the corporate system, including consumer markets, the regulatory environment, the technology sector, and the educational system outside the firm. The two industries that are addressed are automobiles and electronics.

This essential book provides the first comprehensive overview of the symbiotic relationship that exists between fashion and textiles. Because textiles represent a central ingredient of fashion (as with denim jeans, for example), their interrelationship should be an obvious theme for study, yet historically the two subjects are often considered separately. Gale and Kaur analyze fashion and textile's cultural, industrial and social relationships, as well as examining how the two fields compete with and influence one another. Taking as their starting point the nature of the relationship between fashion and textiles, Gale and Kaur then identify and discuss key arenas of commercial and cultural interaction, including raw materials, business, consumers, and future technology. Their examples are drawn from the experiences and opinions of industry professionals - designers, retailers, and manufacturers. Gale and Kaur look at how the raw materials from which clothing is made are heavily influenced by fashion trends on national and global levels. Why do we choose the fabrics we do, and how do our choices affect both industries? The story is very much a human one. Each garment has an intriguing history before a consumer even tries it on. Gale and Kaur unpick this history and examine how retail need and consumer demand impact upon the end product. The result is an exciting new book that begins at the level of supply and demand, and moves forward to consider issues about design, technology, globalization and broader fashion trends. Highlighting cultural differences and similarities between the two industry sectors, Fashion and Textiles offers varied professional perspectives, information about key roles and jobs, and practical considerations relating to economics, design, manufacture and retail. A key text for a wide range of courses on fashion and textiles, it is vital reading for anyone hoping to pursue a career in either field.

The history of cut nail manufacturing shows how the interaction of technology and markets shaped the structure, organizational patterns, management systems, and individual production units of a single industry--a classic example of the American enterprise system at work. Reliance on wood construction created an expanding market for cut nails and exerted considerable pressure for high volume and low prices. Industry responded to this challenge, introducing and perfecting machine-made nails. As this competitive advantage began to decline the industry was again transformed by management changes and the implementation of cost accounting. Loveday utilizes the records of four dominant companies in the industry and journalistic accounts to document the complex patterns of growth and decline, innovation and obsolescence in the cut nail industry.

The book outlines the importance of Indian manufacturing sector and its growth under alternative policy regimes. The authors highlight the significance of various firm-specific and macroeconomic factors on the level of efficiency and profitability of the firms operating in the diverse manufacturing sector during the post-liberalization era. The book also examines the dynamic relationship between the select manufacturing sector-specific stock market indices and the various macroeconomic variables.

How can we design innovative food experiences that enhance food pleasure and consumer well-being? Through a wide variety of empirical, methodological, and theoretical contributions, which examine the art of designing innovative food experiences, this edited book explores the relationship between design thinking, food experience, and food well-being. While many aspects of food innovation are focused on products' features, in this book, design thinking follows an experiential perspective to create a new food innovation design logic that integrates two aspects: consumer food well-being and the experiential pleasure of food. It integrates a holistic perspective to understand how designing innovative food experiences, instead of food products, can promote healthy and pleasurable eating behaviors among consumers and help them achieve their food well-being. Invaluable for scholars, food industry professionals, design thinkers, students, and amateurs alike, this book will define the field of food innovation for years to come.

Developing an ISO 13485-Certified Quality Management System: An Implementation Guide for the Medical-Device Industry details the lessons learned from a real-world project focusing on building an ISO 13485:2016 Quality Management System (QMS) from scratch and then having it officially certified. It is a practical guide to building or improving your existing QMS with tried and tested solutions. The book takes a hands-on approach-first teaching the top 25 lessons to know before starting to develop a QMS and then walking you through the process of writing the quality manual and the standard operating procedures, training the staff on the QMS, organizing an internal audit, executing a management review, and finally passing the necessary external audits and obtaining certification. It helps you to progress from one task to the next and provides all the essential information to accomplish each task as quickly and efficiently as possible. It does not attempt to replicate the standard but instead drills into the standard to expose the core of each section of the standard and reorganize its contents into a practical workflow for developing, maintaining, and improving a Lean QMS. The book includes a wealth of real-world experience both from the author's personal dive into quality management, and from the experiences of other companies in the field and provides handy checklists for ensuring key documents and processes are fit for use-the emphasis here is to help ensure you have considered all relevant aspects. In addition, the book is not intended as a "cheat sheet" for the standard or as a review of the standard that only adds lengthy commentary on each of the clauses. Instead, the book fixes easy misunderstandings regarding QMS, provides insight into why the various clauses are written the way they are, and provides a great base to both understanding ISO 13485 QMS and developing your own QMS. The book is intended to serve both experts and novices audiences-it provides special insight on the most crucial and effective aspects of QMS.