The World Health Organization states that depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and predicts that by 2030 the epidemic of depression raging across the world will be the single biggest contributor to the overall burden of disease of all health conditions. Yet this gloomy picture masks a number of paradoxes concerning the diagnosis and cultural interpretation of depression that appear to challenge the claimed prevalence rates on which it is based. This book's essays by some of the world's leading researchers and scholars on depression explores these anomalies in detail from multidisciplinary and multicultural perspectives, and in doing so reshapes the debate on the nature of depression that is currently under way in the US and abroad. At the book's core is the exploration from the multiple perspectives of a key dilemma: is the epidemic of depression real or is it just apparent? In particular, could it be the result of criteria laid down in the official American classification system of mental disorders, the DSM, interacting with cultural changes to reshape our view of melancholy, pathologizing what were formerly normal symptoms of grief or intense sadness? The debate over the DSM's conception of depression has an international relevance, with the WHO's upcoming revisions to its International Classification of Diseases requiring coordination with the DSM. This collection of perspectives has an unprecedented international dimension, as scholars from Europe and around the world join US academics to explore a central and controversial element of contemporary psychiatric diagnosis - and one that has enormous practical implications for the future of mental health care and how we view our emotions. The book's accessible essays will make it useful to scholars, practitioners, and students across a wide range of disciplines.

Evidence for the efficacy of behavioral approaches to the treatment and management of physical illness is mounting, as is the evidence for behavioral interventions for psychological disorders. A pressing question that remains is how to effectively treat co-morbid physical and psychological illnesses. Diseases co-occur more often than not, and the co-occurrence of physical and psychological illnesses is associated with greater impairment and healthcare costs. Unfortunately, the treatment literature has traditionally been disease-specific, with fewer insights and discoveries regarding the underlying processes of co-morbid physical and psychological illnesses, and even fewer of approaches to treatment.Research on co-morbidities between physical and psychological illnesses has focused primarily on depression. Quite extensive literatures describe the negative impact of depression on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, pain, and other physical illnesses. More recently, higher rates of physical illness have been documented in individuals with bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and impulse control disorders. Studies emanating from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R), the only U.S. population-based database that includes diagnostic information on all DSM-IV psychological disorders, have revealed strong links between a number of physical and psychological illnesses. These data draw attention to the prevalence of physical and psychological co-morbidities at the population level, which has stimulated research on the biobehavioral mechanisms of those co-morbidities, with the goal of developing and improving treatment approaches. As this area of research grows, practical resources are needed for clinicians and researchers who encounter individuals with co-morbid physical and psychological illnesses in their work. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of psychological co-morbidities of physical illness, biological and behavioral mechanisms of those co-morbidities, and implications for treatment. Each chapter focuses on a physical condition, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, HIV infection, tobacco dependence, cardiovascular disease, cancer, asthma, pain, irritable bowel syndrome, autoimmune disorders, and obstetric/gynecological conditions. Chapters are structured to cover 1) the epidemiology of the most prevalent co-morbid psychological disorders within that physical condition (e.g., depression and other mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, impulse control disorders, and eating disorders; 2) biobehavioral mechanisms of the co-morbidity; 3) a review of the behavioral treatment literature including evidence-based practice guidelines (where available); and 4) treatment considerations including issues of stepped care, evidence-based treatment decisions, treatment sequencing, treatment blending, treatment interactions, and contraindications. Content is guided by available research evidence and relevant theoretical models, and it is presented in such a way as to inform clinical practice, identify important gaps in the research literature, and provide directions for future research. The book serves as a tool for clinicians and researchers who work in the area of behavioral medicine in medical, academic, and/or training settings. Patients with psychological and medical co-morbidities may be encountered by clinicians working in either mental health or medical settings, where the presenting problem could be either the psychological disorder or the medical disorder. As such, assessment and treatment issues are discussed from both perspectives. For the clinician, the book reviews brief assessment tools, provides practical summaries of the treatment outcome literature and treatment considerations (e.g., treatment sequencing, contraindications), and includes treatment decision hierarchies that help the clinician incorporate each facet of evidence-based decisions (the evidence, patient characteristics, and their own expertise). For the researcher, the book brings together the literature for the medical and psychological disorder, highlighting still unanswered research questions relevant to the co-morbidity. Literature relevant to the underlying biobehavioral mechanisms of the co-morbidity as well as treatment are summarized. While a vast literature exists for the treatment of these disorders in isolation, one important purpose of this book is to bring together this literature to uncover specific areas in need of future study that will further our understanding of why different disorders co-occur and the best ways to treat them when they do.

This book is written for researchers, undergraduate students and postgraduate students, physicians and traditional medicine practitioners who develop research in the field of neurosciences, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology or can be useful for their practice. Topics discussed include the description of depression, its biochemical causes, the targets of antidepressant drugs, animal and cell models commonly used in the research of this pathology, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds with antidepressant activity used in traditional medicine, advances in nanotechnology for drug delivery to the brain and finally the future challenges for researchers studying this pathology.

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences.

Outside the Box: Rethinking ADD/ADHD in Children and Adults-A Practical Guide identifies assumptions about ADD/ADHD that demand reevaluation in light of recent research. Building upon a current, science-based foundation, the book describes in practical terms how ADHD can be recognized at various ages; how it differs from more typical brain development; how it can significantly impair those affected; and how it can safely, and in most cases effectively, be treated in children and adults. The book is based upon current scientific research but also on the experience and perspective of the author, a clinician who has devoted more than 35 years to studying this disorder formally and countless hours to engaging with and providing treatment for a diversity of children, teenagers, and adults with ADHD and related problems. The book's audience is the wide variety of clinicians involved in assessing, treating, and/or monitoring the care of children and adults with this disorder (e.g., pediatricians, primary care physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, physician assistants, advanced practice nurses, and clinical social workers) and also educators, disability service providers, human resource specialists, and the adolescents and adults who seek more information about ADHD assessment and treatment for themselves or for family or friends. The book offers practical, accessible information that is grounded in the latest research: * The book is focused not primarily on details of academic arguments but on practical aspects of ADHD-how it varies from one person to another, how it changes over the life span, how treatments need to be adjusted for different individuals, and how it sometimes gets worse and sometimes gets better.* Emphasizing that ADHD is not a simple problem of failing to listen or staying focused on a task, the author examines research demonstrating that ADHD results from impairment of a complex syndrome of brain functions essential for self-management, the "executive functions." * While DSM-5 is acknowledged as a valuable source of information about ADHD, this book draws upon a wider range of scientific research and perspectives not yet incorporated into DSM. * Although accessible to the general reader, the text includes citations to sources that can be used to obtain additional, more technical information. Utterly current and scientifically based, Outside the Box: Rethinking ADD/ADHD in Children and Adults-A Practical Guide challenges old thinking and provides much-needed information and support to clinicians, educators, patients, and families.

As Freud predicted, there has always been great anxiety about the place of psychoanalysis in contemporary life, particularly in relation to its ambiguous and complicated relationship to the realm of science. There is also a long history of widespread resistance, in both academia and medicine, to anything associated with the world of the supernatural; very few people, in their professional lives, at least, are willing to admit a serious interest in occult phenomena. As a result, paranormal traces have all but vanished from the psychoanalytic process though not without leaving a residue. This residue remains, Brottman argues, in the acceptably clinical guise of projective identification, a concept first formulated by Melanie Klein, and widely used in contemporary psychoanalysis to suggest a different variety of transference and transference-like phenomena between patient and analyst that seem to occur outside the normal range of the sensory process.In this book, Brottman considers the nature and implications of the connections between projective identification and thought-transference, as well as the slightly embarrassing associations between ordinary psychoanalysis and telepathy. Her project, then, is to adumbrate the implications of the psychoanalytic notion of projective identification, with particular reference to the ways in which this concept can be considered a doorway from the traditional realm of psychoanalysis into the realm of the occult and paranormal. In particular, she considers the connections between projective identification and mind-reading, clairvoyance, and other well-known paranormal phenomena."

Military Sexual Trauma: Current Knowledge and Future Directions showcases the work of several prominent military sexual trauma (MST) researchers, scholars, and clinicians from across the United States. A review of existing research and original empirical findings converge to indicate that MST contributes to a range of physical health problems, complex posttraumatic responses, and other mental health consequences above and beyond the effects of other types of traumatic experiences. This collection also presents evidence suggesting that MST is often difficult to identify both within the individual military member and within the military population as a whole. Recommendations are offered for addressing this problem. In addition to the research review and empirical findings, an evolutionary framework for understanding sexual assault of women in the military is presented. Taken together, this collection of works may inform MST intervention and prevention efforts.

This book was originally published as a special issue of Journal of Trauma & Dissociation.

This unique book is a comprehensive analysis of Hitler written by a psychologist. The author goes beyond the prevalent Freudian interpretations of Hitler as the victim of a traumatic childhood by explaining the inner world of Hitler's ideas and visions as the product of his paranoia. This psychological analysis is framed by a poignant introduction, in which Schwaab reflects on his experience of growing up in Nazi Germany and by a personal afterword, in which the meaning of Nazism is placed within the context of current developments in a reunited Germany.

The author discusses the impact of Hitler's exposure to both the political and anti-Semitic climate in his youthful days in Vienna and the subsequent experiences as a frontline soldier during the First World War. He then focuses on the depth of Hitler's disturbed mind in the grip of an obsession with the dangers of Jews and the compulsion to destroy them. Four stages in the progression of his paranoid mental disturbance are described. This fascinating volume will appeal to readers interested in psychology and history, as well as to scholars and students of Nazi Germany.

A family counselor explores the hardships of a new lifestyle which often accompany remarriage and suggests ways of overcoming the conflicts that frequently result from divorce, remarriage, and stepparenting.

For the first time in history, behavioral health providers are expected to understand and participate in activities intended to access and improve the quality of services they provide. This handbook is designed as a general resource in the field of behavioral health quality management for a very diverse group of readers, including graduate and undergraduate students, payors, purchasers and administrators within managed care organizations, public sector service system planners and managers, applied health services researchers and program evaluators. This volume provides a comprehensive context for the development of quality management (QM) in health services - behavioral health in particular - as well as an overview of tools, techniques, and programs reflecting QM in practice. It also offers perspectives on both internally- and externally-based QM activities.

A growing body of evidence shows that physical activity can be a cost-effective and safe intervention for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of mental health problems. As researchers and clinicians around the world look for evidence-supported alternatives and complements to established forms of therapy (medication and psychotherapy), interest in physical activity mounts. The Routledge Handbook of Physical Activity and Mental Health offers the most comprehensive review of the research evidence on the effects of physical activity on multiple facets of mental health. Written by a team of world-leading international experts, the book covers ten thematic areas: physical activity and the 'feel good' effect anxiety disorders depression and mood disorders self-perceptions and self-evaluations cognitive function across the lifespan psychosocial stress pain energy and fatigue addictions quality of life in special populations. This volume presents a balanced assessment of the research evidence, highlights important directions for future work, and draws clear links between theory, research, and clinical practice. As the most complete and authoritative resource on the topic of physical activity and mental health, this is essential reading for researchers, students and practitioners in a wide range of fields, including clinical and health psychology, psychiatry, neuroscience, behavioural and preventive medicine, gerontology, nursing, public health and primary care.

"[Serves] as a useful guide to adolescent literature for librarians and English teachers." Curriculum Review

The search for artificial means of enhancing sexual experience is timeless and can even be found in the opening passages of Genesis (3:7) where Adam and Eve discovered sex as they took a bi te of the forbidden fruit: "And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked. " While others may interpret the "opening of their eyes" as simply an awareness of male and femaleness, John Milton and others regarded the forbidden fruit as an aphrodisiac and in Paradise Lost, described in greater detail what happened: "But the false fruit For other operation first displayed Carnal desire infiarning. He on Eve Began to cast lascivious eyes; she hirn As wantonly repaid; in lust they burn. " Not only did Milton regard the "forbidden fruit" as an aphro disiac, he also identified it as an apple, and an apple it has re mained until this day. Sexual behavior has always been one of the most fascinating and attention-arresting activities in human history and there has been no decrease in the fascination and curiosity it still arouses in the human psyche. 1 2 Introduction As timeless as the topic of sexual behavior is that of aphro disiacs. For example, after the "forbidden fmit," the Bible specifi cally identified mandrake as an aphrodisiac (Genesis 30:14-17): "And Reuben went, in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them to his mother, Leah."

Since the publication of the first edition in 1991, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the etiology and associated features of domestic violence. As in the first edition, this book elucidates and highlights the complex multidisciplinary issues facing clinicians who work with family violence cases. Each chapter combines two illustrative cases with a broader discussion of the issues that are encountered by clinicians working with families that engage in abuse or neglect.

Virtual Reality (VR) offers the potential to develop human testing and training environments that allow for the precise control of complex stimulus presentations in which human cognitive and functional performance can be accurately assessed and rehabilitated. However, basic feasibility and human issues need to be addressed in order for this technology to be reasonably and efficiently applied in clinical psychology. The book, written in a scholarly style, will provide rationales for virtual reality's applicability in clinical psychology. We will review the relevant literature regarding theoretical and pragmatic issues for these applications, and provide a description of ongoing work developed world-wide. The topics directly involve critical issues for clinicians, designers and users, and will be discussed with scientific competence without neglecting clarity and empirical cases with suggestions for actual use. The book is divided in three main sections: VR in clinical psychology: opportunities and challenges, VR in treatment of phobias and VR in clinical assessment and therapy.

A few disorders have some of the same symptoms as schizophrenia including schizoaffective disorders, schizophreniform disorder, schizotypal and schizoid personality disorders, delusional disorder, and autism (schizophrenia spectrum disorders). Since the 2000 there has been significant progress in our understanding of the early presentations, assessment, suspected neuropathology, and treatment of these disorders. Recent technological breakthroughs in basic sciences hold promise for advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This collective monograph reviewers recent researches regarding the origins, onset, course, and outcome of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In particular, this book will be illustrate new developments in terms of conceptual models, and research methodology, genetics and genomics, brain imaging and neurochemical studies, neurophysiology and information processing in schizophrenia spectrum disorders patients. Also will be highlighted new developments in our understanding of the childhood psychosis, prodromal and first-episode states, in treatment and rehabilitation. Thus, the purpose of this book is to provide up-to-date overview of the rapid advances made in the clinical and basic science studies supporting our understanding of the relationship between cerebral processes and clinical, cognitive and other presentations of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In addition, this book aims to monitor important research developments, which may be relevant to treatment, and rehabilitation of patients.

This book provides a critical introduction to Heidegger's impact on psychiatry and psychology, and has a focus on the application of his philosophy to psychiatry. This is a complete revision of Heidegger's existential philosophy in the light of psychopathological phenomena. Readers will find here a philosophical inquiry into the problem of mental disorder, which shows Heidegger's own philosophy in a new light, uncovering both its strengths and its weak points. The author maps not only Heidegger's interaction with psychiatric thought, as depicted in his Zollikon Seminars, but also his influence on Swiss phenomenological psychiatry. The work treats Heidegger in a critical way, taking the phenomenon of mental disorder as a touchstone on which Heidegger's thought is tested. The results of such a critical examination are important, not only for a better understanding of psychopathological phenomena, but also for a new understanding of Heidegger's approach to human existence. This work treats the phenomenon of mental disorder as a philosophical problem that reflects the ontological character of human existence. Heidegger's approach to mental disorder is confronted with the conceptions of Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari in a novel way. The book is more than just an historical overview as it highlights the limits of phenomenological thought in the area of psychiatry and it shows a possible way of moving beyond them. This is a philosophical work with an interdisciplinary range. Scholars of philosophy and those in the growing field of philosophy of psychiatry, as well as those with an interest in Heidegger Studies will be particularly interested in this work.

The interactive computer-generated world of virtual reality has been successful in treat ing phobias and other anxiety-related conditions, in part because of its distinct advan tages over traditional in vivo exposure. Yet many clinicians still think of VR technology as it was in the 1990s-bulky, costly, technically difficult-with little knowledge of its evolution toward more modern, evidence-based, practice-friendly treatment. These updates, and their clinical usefulness, are the subject of Advances in Virtual Re ality and Anxiety Disorders, a timely guidebook geared toward integrating up-to-date VR methods into everyday practice. Introductory material covers key virtual reality concepts, provides a brief history of VR as used in therapy for anxiety disorders, ad dresses the concept of presence, and explains the side effects, known as cybersickness, that affect a small percentage of clients. Chapters in the book's main section detail current techniques and review study findings for using VR in the treatment of: * Claustrophobia. * Panic disorder, agoraphobia, and driving phobia. * Acrophobia and aviophobia. * Arachnophobia. * Social phobia. * Generalized anxiety disorder and OCD. * PTSD. * Plus clinical guidelines for establishing a VR clinic. An in-depth framework for effective (and cost-effective) therapeutic innovations for entrenched problems, Advances in Virtual Reality and Anxiety Disorders will find an engaged audience among psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and mental health counselors.eractive

It gives me great pleasure to introduce this important and fascinating book on the internal dilemmas youngsters face in school, which often cause them to stop learning. We are all too ready to ascribe learning problems to an inability to learn and leave it at that. This book should go a long way toward convincing us that using such simpleminded explanations and remedial efforts based on them do not work. Unlike other books that identify the causes of learning disabilities in children or that detail society's impact on the so-called helpless child, The Risks of Knowing is an in-depth study of young people who for reasons of intrapsychic conflicts and of intellectual development make a nega tive decision about the learning process. This book is unique in its thorough analysis of the conflicts young people have with learning and in its treatment prescriptions. In case after case, Karen Zelan demonstrates that if young people declare themselves unable to learn it is because for some valid reasons they believe learning is dangerous. The reasons that cause a decision to fail often remain unconscious until they are brought to the child's awareness. When the child is helped to understand the source of any inner dilemmas, both child and parents are able to find better solutions to immediate learning difficulties. Karen Zelan brings a rare expertise to the problems young people find in academic learning."

Therapeutic Songwriting provides a comprehensive examination of contemporary methods and models of songwriting as used for therapeutic purposes. It describes the environmental, sociocultural, individual, and group factors shaping practice, and how songwriting is understood and practiced within different psychological and wellbeing orientations.

This volume, the first to specifically address the function of psychologists as practitioners and scientists in medical settings, presents a range of approaches to assessment and diagnostic practice rather than a litany of specific tools, diseases, or diagnostic problems. The comprehensive discussion, augmented by 41 case studies, addresses the psychological assessment of patients and their families using traditional neuropsychological and psychological diagnostic tools in various topic areas and settings. The application of assessment to issues such as ethics and law, professional self-assessment and credentialling, and the communication of diagnostic findings is also discussed.

Questions about the meaning, purpose, and pursuit of happiness and well-being have been addressed by thinkers since ancient times but over the past decade or so there has been a tremendous upsurge of scholarly interest in the subject. This renewed interest has come from a variety of academic disciplines, including psychology, neuroscience, and economics. The field has, in particular, been galvanized by the advent of the positive psychology movement at the turn of the century. Especially in the United States, but also in the UK and on continental Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia, research and courses in positive psychology are thriving. Harvard University 's positive psychology course, for example, is currently the most popular offering in the college 's history.

Governments and international organizations are also increasingly engaged by notions of well-being and happiness. The World Health Organization has recently redefined health to include psychological well-being and many national policy-makers have begun to recognize that measuring a nation 's success by traditional economic values alone no longer suffices and that we need also urgently to understand how people experience the quality of their lives.

Beyond the academy and government, there is also immense interest in the promotion and examination of happiness and well-being in many professional disciplines such as coaching, education, clinical psychology, and community-building.

As work on happiness and well-being flourishes as never before, this new title in Psychology Press 's Major Works series, Critical Concepts in Psychology, meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of the subject 's vast literature and the continuing explosion in research output. Co-edited by two leading scholars, Happiness and Well-being is a four-volume collection of classic and contemporary contributions. Together, the four volumes provide a one-stop resource for all interested researchers, students, and policy-makers to gain a thorough understanding of the field, the variety of approaches, and where thinking on happiness and well-being is today. With comprehensive introductions to each volume, newly written by the editors, which place the collected material in its historical, intellectual, and practical context, Happiness and Well-being is an essential work of reference and a vital research tool.

* represent developments in personality theory, research, and measurement in the past 30-50 years in a compelling manner * includes contributions from some of the most notable figures in the field in personality assessment * allows readers to see how major changes in personality have emerged, how personality research has evolved, and what future trends and patterns are

This book combines autobiography and innovative narrative research to create an original psychosocial perspective on the often taboo subject of sudden, unexpected child death. Beginning with the author's own experience, the book investigates manifold aspects of sudden, unexpected child death, including the professional rapid response; contemporary cultural reactions to death; theories of grieving; child death inquiries and popular media reporting. At the heart of the book are intimate personal stories, drawn from unprecedented psychosocial research on this topic, which combine to create a unique record of parent's experiences following the sudden and unexpected death of a child. Additionally, the book offers original guidance on the Biographic Narrative Interpretive methodology, which extends knowledge of group data analysis. The book will be of great methodological interest to the psychosocial community, as well as to health and social care professionals and lay readers interested in both sudden, unexpected child death and the wider field.

In this revised and updated 20th anniversary edition of his groundbreaking book, Dr. Kenneth Adams, a leading expert on covert incest, sex addiction, and childhood trauma, offers tools for identifying and healing from covert incestuous relationships that affect adult relationships and lives. He explains how 'feeling close' with a parent is not always the source of comfort the phrase suggests, especially when that child is cheated out of a childhood by being a parent's surrogate partner. Dr. Adams includes a new Q&A section that directly addresses issues including:
How can this be incestuous when there is no physical sexual contact?
Why is sexual addiction so common with covert incest survivors?
Why is it so hard for covert incest survivors to commit to romantic relationships?
If my partner is a covert incest survivor, how can I help?
Can I pass covert incest on to my children?

Through new findings and expanded discussions on 'engulfment, ' 'excessive guilt, ' 'loyalty, ' and 'narcissism, ' and others, Silently Seduced offers a framework to understand covert incest and its effect on sexuality, intimacy, and relationships to facilitate the process of recovery."