A comprehensive treatment of the principles, mathematics, and statistics of image science

In today’s visually oriented society, images play an important role in conveying messages. From seismic imaging to satellite images to medical images, our modern society would be lost without images to enhance our understanding of our health, our culture, and our world.

Foundations of Image Science presents a comprehensive treatment of the principles, mathematics, and statistics needed to understand and evaluate imaging systems. The book is the first to provide a thorough treatment of the continuous-to-discrete, or CD, model of digital imaging. Foundations of Image Science emphasizes the need for meaningful, objective assessment of image quality and presents the necessary tools for this purpose. Approaching the subject within a well-defined theoretical and physical context, this landmark text presents the mathematical underpinnings of image science at a level that is accessible to graduate students and practitioners working with imaging systems, as well as well-motivated undergraduate students.

Destined to become a standard text in the field, Foundations of Image Science covers:

• Mathematical Foundations: Examines the essential mathematical foundations of image science
• Image Formation–Models and Mechanisms: Presents a comprehensive and unified treatment of the mathematical and statistical principles of imaging, with an emphasis on digital imaging systems and the use of SVD methods
• Image Quality: Provides a systematic exposition of the methodology for objective or task-based assessment of image quality
• Applications: Presents detailed case studies of specific direct and indirect imaging systems and provides examples of how to apply the various mathematical tools covered in the book
• Appendices: Covers the prerequisite material necessary for understanding the material in the main text, including matrix algebra, complex variables, and the basics of probability theory

Dieses Buch befasst sich ausschlieAlich mit der Anwendung der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) bei Kindern. Es beleuchtet den derzeitigen Stand der GerAtetechnik und die aktuellen und kA1/4nftigen EinsatzmAglichkeiten der MRT fA1/4r pAdiatrische Fragestellungen. Dadurch soll vor allem bei Kinderradiologen, Radiologen sowie PAdiatern und Kinderchirurgen ein breiteres VerstAndnis fA1/4r diese Untersuchungsmethode geweckt werden. Speziell wendet sich das Buch an Neonatologen, PAdiatrische Endokrinologen, PAdiatrische Onkologen, PAdiatrische Kardiologen, NeuropAdiater, Kinderurologen, Kindertraumatologen und KinderorthopAden.

Recent clinical experience and tremendous technical advances make it more imperative than ever that operators performing embolization have a sound background in functional neuroanatomy and clinical evaluation in addition to technical training. This book provides a description of vascular anatomy that will permit the accurate assessment of variations and functional territories and will make the prediction of the risks and management of cerebral vascular disease possible. Through this type of anatomical analysis every potential arrangement in cerebral vascular development can be predicted. Thus, endovascular procedures in the spinal cord and brain can be best planned and performed. Pierre Lasjaunias, Alejandro Berenstein, and Karel ter Brugge are highly committed to both research and teaching in the clinical field of neurovascular diseases. The first volume of the second edition of Surgical Neuroangiography combines the previous volumes 1 and 3 in one book.

A century ago, the living body, like most of the material world, was opaque. Then Wilhelm Roentgen captured and X-ray image of his wife's finger,her wedding ring floating" around a white bone,and our range of vision changed forever. By the 1920s, X-ray technology was common-place: all army recruits had lined up for chest pictures during WWI, and children were examining the bones of their feet in shoe store fluoroscopes, spectacularly unaware of the radiation they were absorbing. Through lucid prose, vivid anecdotes, and over seventy striking illustrations, science writer Bettyann Holtzman Kevles shows how X-rays and the subsequent daughter technologies,CT, MRI, PET, ultrasound,transformed the practice of medicine (from pediatrics to neurosurgery), the rules of evidence in courts, and the vision of artists.

Image Processing and Pattern Recognition covers major applications in the field, including optical character recognition, speech classification, medical imaging, paper currency recognition, classification reliability techniques, and sensor technology. The text emphasizes algorithms and architectures for achieving practical and effective systems, and presents many examples. Practitioners, researchers, and students in computer science, electrical engineering, andradiology, as well as those working at financial institutions, will value this unique and authoritative reference to diverse applications methodologies.
Key Features
* Coverage includes:
* Optical character recognition
* Speech classification
* Medical imaging
* Paper currency recognition
* Classification reliability techniques
* Sensor technology
Algorithms and architectures for achieving practical and effective systems are emphasized, with many examples illustrating the text. Practitioners, researchers, and students in computer science, electrical engineering, and radiology, as wellk as those working at financial institutions, will find this volume a unique and comprehensive reference source for this diverse applications area.

The field of cardiovascular medical imaging has been revolutionized by new techniques in powerful computations, image processing, and modalities such as computer-aided tomography and magnetic resonance, among others.;It is therefore an appropriate starting point for this new series which studies the marriage of computer capabilities and medical imaging, and exemplifies a significant manifestation of relatively recent, valuable technologies known as the second industrial revolution.;A few issues specifically studied in this book are intravascular ultrasound imaging techniques for evaluating coronary artery anatomy that may ultimately replace angiography as the gold standard, the importance of accurate measurements of cardiac shape and dynamics more precisely measured in 3D geometry rather than the traditional 2D format, and progress in developing quality images for effective diagnosis, while at the same time lowering X-ray dosages.;In short, this book clearly reveals the effectiveness and great significance of cardiovascular imaging techniques and applications available and, with further development the essential role they will play in the future.

Gastric adenocarcinoma is the second most common cancer worldwide. It is usually diagnosed at a late stage and prognosis is poor; even with modern diagnostic and treatment methods the 5-year survival is only 10%. Improvements in overall patient survival can only be achieved by earlier diagnosis and by tailored therapeutic strategies based on tumor type, location and stage at presentation. This volume provides a state-of-the-art, integrated diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patient management. The role of the upper GI series, endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, MDCT, MRI, and PET/CT in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of patients with gastric cancer is emphasized. The relative strengths and limitations of these diagnostic examinations will be presented in context with the most recent epidemiologic, pathologic, and therapeutic concepts regarding this tumor. With expert contributions from members of an international multidisciplinary team, this is an invaluable guide to the diagnosis and management of gastric malignancies.

This is the first volume to explore the field of clinical magnetoencephalography (MEG) and magnetic source imaging (MSI), the techniques measuring the magnetic fields generated by neuronal activity in the brain. Describing the empirical knowledge gained during the last two decades, this book will serve as a basis for the training of clinicians and scientists entering this new and exciting field. The book covers the methods for recording MEG and performing MSI in a clinical setting and includes practical examples of data collection and analysis. It explains why MEG should be used in the evaluation and treatment of patients being considered for epilepsy surgery, concluding with a section describing the potential for future applications of these methods. This is essential reading for graduate students in clinical neuroscience, residents in neurology and psychiatry, neuroradiology and neurosurgery, specialists in neurophysiology and epilepsy, and clinicians in a wide range of related brain sciences.

Image processing is a hands-on discipline, and the best way to learn is by doing. This text takes its motivation from medical applications and uses real medical images and situations to illustrate and clarify concepts and to build intuition, insight and understanding. Designed for advanced undergraduates and graduate students who will become end-users of digital image processing, it covers the basics of the major clinical imaging modalities, explaining how the images are produced and acquired. It then presents the standard image processing operations, focusing on practical issues and problem solving. Crucially, the book explains when and why particular operations are done, and practical computer-based activities show how these operations affect real images. All images, links to the public-domain software ImageJ and custom plug-ins, and selected solutions are available from www.cambridge.org/books/dougherty.

Infertility and Assisted Reproduction presents, in detail, the techniques and philosophies behind medical procedures of infertility and assisted reproduction. World-class experts in their field, representing research from 18 different countries, have contributed to this groundbreaking textbook covering one of the most rapidly changing and hotly debated fields in medicine. Different countries have different restrictions on the research techniques that can be applied to this field, and, therefore, experts from around the world bring varied and unique authorities to different subjects in reproductive technology.
This comprehensive textbook encompasses the latest research into the physiology of reproduction, infertility evaluation and treatment, and assisted reproduction and concludes with perspectives on the ethical dilemmas faced by clinicians and professionals. This book is designed to be a definitive resource for those working in the areas of reproductive medicine the world over.

The available information on breast cancer has evolved so rapidly that a textbook understanding is no longer sufficient to make sound therapeutic decisions. Further, the latest findings and data are spread throughout the scientific literature of various medical fields, making it difficult for medical professionals to keep abreast of these advances, and to apply them in their day-to-day work. This book provides updated information on breast cancer, such as the modern molecular classification and staging, and demonstrates how imaging with pathologic correlation can be used in management decisions. In addition, it identifies the most suitable imaging modalities for screening, diagnosis and monitoring for each clinical case. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for all medical professionals (practicing or still in training) whose work involves breast cancer, including radiologists, breast surgeons, pathologists, radiotherapists and nuclear medicine professionals.

The fluorescence microscope is the principal tool for investigating the spatial organization of bio-molecular processes. Instrumentation and techniques have evolved considerably since the first realizations of fluorescence microscopy. The technology is constantly being advanced to image faster, deeper, less invasively, and more quantitatively, driving discovery of both biological and clinical mechanisms. In this book, we discuss the various approaches, which can be successfully used in live cells, the tradeoffs in resolution, speed, and ease of implementation, which one must make for each approach, and the quality of results that one might expect from each technique. We introduce the recent development of optical microscopy that has achieved spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Super-resolution imaging techniques outperforming the classical diffraction limits are photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), stochastic optical resolution microscopy (STORM), stimulated-emission depletion microscopy (STED), three-dimensional structured illumation microscopy (3D-SIM) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF). These super-resolution microscopy techniques have permitted detailed studies of organelles, vesicles, microtubules, DNAs, proteins, and other biochemical particles on the nanometer scale. Super-resolution microscopy has opened the door to true nanoscale mapping of biological components.

Divided roughly into two sections, this book provides a brief history of the development of ECG along with heart rate variability (HRV) algorithms and the engineering innovations over the last decade in this area. It reviews clinical research, presents an overview of the clinical field, and the importance of heart rate variability in diagnosis. The book then discusses the use of particular ECG and HRV algorithms in the context of clinical applications.

The atlas focuses specifically on single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in musculoskeletal imaging, and thus illustrates the inherent advantages of the combination of the metabolic and anatomical components in a single procedure. In addition, the atlas provides information on the usefulness of several sets of specific indications. The publication, which serves more as a training tool than a textbook, will help to further integrate the SPECT and CT experience in clinical practice by presenting a series of typical cases with many different patterns of SPECT/CT seen in bone scintigraphy.

PET and SPECT imaging has improved to such a level that they are opening up exciting new horizons in medical diagnosis and treatment. This book provides a complete introduction to fundamentals and the latest progress in the field, including an overview of new scintillator materials and innovations in photodetector development, as well as the latest system designs and image reconstruction algorithms. It begins with basics of PET and SPECT physics, followed by technology advances and computing methods, quantitative techniques, multimodality imaging, instrumentation, pre-clinical and clinical imaging applications.

This book covers state-of-the-art medical image analysis approaches currently pursued in autism research. Chapters cover recent advances in diagnosis using structural neuroimaging. All aspects of imaging are included, such as electrophysiology (EEG, ERP, QEEG, and MEG), postmortem techniques, and advantages and difficulties of depositing/acquiring images in larger databases. The book incorporates 2D, 3D, and 4D imaging and advances scientific research within the broad field of autism imaging.

Statistical Computing in Nuclear Imaging introduces aspects of Bayesian computing in nuclear imaging. The book provides an introduction to Bayesian statistics and concepts and is highly focused on the computational aspects of Bayesian data analysis of photon-limited data acquired in tomographic measurements. Basic statistical concepts, elements of decision theory, and counting statistics, including models of photon-limited data and Poisson approximations, are discussed in the first chapters. Monte Carlo methods and Markov chains in posterior analysis are discussed next along with an introduction to nuclear imaging and applications such as PET and SPECT. The final chapter includes illustrative examples of statistical computing, based on Poisson-multinomial statistics. Examples include calculation of Bayes factors and risks as well as Bayesian decision making and hypothesis testing. Appendices cover probability distributions, elements of set theory, multinomial distribution of single-voxel imaging, and derivations of sampling distribution ratios. C++ code used in the final chapter is also provided. The text can be used as a textbook that provides an introduction to Bayesian statistics and advanced computing in medical imaging for physicists, mathematicians, engineers, and computer scientists. It is also a valuable resource for a wide spectrum of practitioners of nuclear imaging data analysis, including seasoned scientists and researchers who have not been exposed to Bayesian paradigms.

During the past two decades, there has been an increasing appreciation of the significant value that lifetime-based techniques can add to biomedical studies and applications of fluorescence. Bringing together perspectives of different research communities, Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy and Imaging: Principles and Applications in Biomedical Diagnostics explores the remarkable advances in time-resolved fluorescence techniques and their role in a wide range of biological and clinical applications. Broadly accessible, the book captures the state-of-the-art of fluorescence lifetime metrology and imaging and provides current perspectives on their applications to biomedical studies of intact tissues and medical diagnosis. The text introduces these techniques within the wider context of fluorescence spectroscopy and describes basic principles underlying current instrumentation for fluorescence lifetime imaging and metrology (FLIM). It also covers the wide range of methods, including single channel (point) spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and single- and multi-photon excitation. Edited by pioneers in this field, with contributions from leading experts, the book includes an overview of complementary techniques that help researchers beginning FLIM research. It offers a comprehensive treatment of fundamental principles, instrumentation, analytical methods, and applications. It also provides an overview of the label-free contrast available from lifetime measurements of tissue autofluorescence and the prospects for exploiting this for clinical applications and biomedical research including drug discovery.

The Cardiac Catheter Book: Diagnostic and Interventional Techniques Loaded with tips, tricks, and expert solutions to everyday clinical problems, this book is a must for all specialists and trainees performing cardiac catheterizations. It covers basic principles, diagnostic strategies for specific diseases, and the newest interventional techniques, giving readers the tools to successfully manage all types of valvular and structural heart disease. Special Features: Concisely reviews the basics of cardiac catheterization, with sections on indications, risks and complications, patient preparation, equipment and laboratory setup, contrast media, and interpretation of findings Covers the full range of interventional catheter techniques, including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary stent implantation, rotational athetectomy, cutting balloon angioplasty, shunt closure, and much more Examines current, evidence-based diagnostic approaches to such commonly seen conditions as valvular disease, cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, congenital heart disorders, pericardial disease, aortic dissection, and more Describes key new interventions for structural heart disease, including transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), interventions for mitral regurgitation (Mitraclip), occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA-Occlusion), and renal nerve ablation for resistant arterial hypertension Provides hundreds of illustrations, coronary angiograms, and radiographic images that clarify every concept Demonstrates step-by-step approaches, case studies, and detailed angiographic sequences in nearly 400 helpful videos From the fundamentals to the newest therapeutic advances, this book provides the core information needed by every practice performing diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterizations. It is essential for interventional cardiologists, cardiology fellows, and interventional radiologists who want to quickly increase their knowledge and skills and offer optimal care to their patients.

The major progress in computer vision allows us to make extensive use of medical imaging data to provide us better diagnosis, treatment and predication of diseases. Computer vision can exploit texture, shape, contour and prior knowledge along with contextual information from image sequence and provide 3D and 4D information that helps with better human understanding. Many powerful tools have been available through image segmentation, machine learning, pattern classification, tracking, reconstruction to bring much needed quantitative information not easily available by trained human specialists. The aim of the book is for both medical imaging professionals to acquire and interpret the data, and computer vision professionals to provide enhanced medical information by using computer vision techniques. The final objective is to benefit the patients without adding to the already high medical costs.

PET-CT imaging is a powerful tool in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Its application as a prognostic tool in various malignancies is well established. This volume encompasses the latest trends and developments of PET-CT imaging in non-neoplastic disease along with its application in clinical decision-making. This volume will be of interest to internal medicine specialists and subspecialists, as well as neurologists, psychiatrists, general radiologists and Nuclear Medicine physicians. Topics include: PET myocardial perfusion imaging as an accurate and non-invasive means in the evaluation of ischemia and the assessment of myocardial viability as well as the potential for myocardial blood flow quantificationThe use of PET imaging in the early diagnosis and timely intervention in potentially devastating dementiasThe utility of PET imaging in the diagnosis of a variety of inflammatory diseases such as lupus and myositis

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A must-have multimedia reference on the latest laryngeal examination and imaging techniques This comprehensive, full-color reference provides a thorough overview of the most recent advances in laryngeal imaging technology combined with all of the information readers need to interpret findings and successfully manage patients with voice disorders. After a solid introduction to laryngeal anatomy and physiology, separate sections cover the entire spectrum of laryngeal imaging systems. The authors place special emphasis on the interpretation of abnormal vibratory characteristics through practical discussion of the differential diagnosis of specific abnormalities and the impact of various types of laryngeal pathology on the vocal cords. The accompanying DVD features high-quality video clips of vocal fold vibration that clearly demonstrate every pathology and evaluation technique cited in the text. Each clip is cross-referenced to a specific location in the book for maximum accessibility. Features: In-depth coverage of the indications and limitations of flexible laryngoscopy, videostroboscopy, and high-speed imaging 66 video clips of actual examinations - plus an appendix that contains a complete description and interpretation of each clip 284 full color images, including endoscopic views of the larynx and photographs that demonstrate how to perform examinations Multiple perspectives from renowned speech language pathologists and otolaryngologists on how to interpret findings and determine treatment options Written by a multidisciplinary team of experts, this book will help speech-language pathologists, otolaryngologists, and trainees in those specialties acquire the necessary skills to enable them to expand their practices to incorporate laryngeal imaging procedures in the clinical setting.

A step-by-step guide to performing image-guided breast interventions Written by a team of experts, this practical how-to guide provides a systematic overview of the most current image-guided interventional techniques used to diagnose breast abnormalities. In the first part of the book, the authors discuss how to acquire tissue samples using minimally invasive procedures such as ultrasound-, x-ray-, and MRI-based interventions, and present information on pretherapeutic localization and classification of lesions. The second part of the book covers the essentials of fine-needle aspiration and cytologic assessment, followed by a chapter on histologic evaluation and up-to-date pathology reporting categories for core and vacuum biopsy specimens. Features: 1,295 high-quality clinical images from the authors? daily practice illustrate radiographic findings and examination approaches More than 50 cases studies for self-assessment Separate chapters on patient preparation, instrumentation, galactography and ductoscopy, and sentinel node biopsy Color-coded text boxes highlight tips, tricks, pitfalls, checklists, and guidelines for rapid review of essential concepts Consistent chapter structure for maximum accessibility Interventional Breast Imaging is a must-have resource for all radiologists and gynecologists. It will improve the accuracy and confidence of any clinician involved in image-guided breast interventions.

Exploring a wide spectrum of oncologic imaging technologies with current and future applications ranging from ultrasound and PET to MRI, this reference analyzes recent developments concerning every available imaging technique-furnishing the most up-to-date research on technological advances in cancer imaging and their potential impact on patient care and treatment.

The new edition of "Human Body Composition" is the most complete text in the burgeoning field of body composition research. The book covers the full range of methods to assess body composition, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, electrical impedance, and imaging techniques. Maintaining the focus of the first edition as a definitive research guide, this resource incorporates updated information on methods and topics of biological importance.

This thoroughly revised reference includes new material on

-molecular genetics;

-energy expenditure;

-body composition as related to various pathological states including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and illnesses associated with HIV; and

-animal body composition.

The information is presented in five logical parts along with an appendix for easy comprehension of the material. Part I presents an introduction to the field and sets the tone for the ensuing chapters. Part II provides an extensive review of the available body composition methods, including measurement cost, safety, and practicality. Part III features reviews on specific body composition components of widespread interest, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, along with a review of body composition models. Part IV covers the biological influences on body composition such as age, ethnicity, and gender. Part V outlines pathological states related to body composition, including morbidity-mortality links.

"Human Body Composition, Second Edition, " provides a comprehensive account of the science behind human body composition methods. Filled with reliable and accurate information, it is an essential tool and an indispensable reference for exercise science researchers, practitioners, and graduate students who are interested in body composition.