Multiple advanced neuroimaging applications in various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), vascular dementia (VaD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are covered in this book. Relatively novel techniques such as integrated PET/MRI and independent component analysis (ICA)-based dual regression (DR) methods were developed to capture multi-level molecular/functional and structural/microstructural as well as high-order inter-network coordination abnormalities. For instance, both PET dopamine transporter and striatal binding ratio reductions in the caudate and putamen were found in PD, consistent with the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) reduction and fMRI voxel-mirrored homotopic correlation (VMHC) in the substantia nigra (swallow tail sign signature of PD). Furthermore, dopamine storage and pathway labeled with the vesicular monoamine transporter tracer identified decreased densities in the bilateral mesial temporal cortex, caudate, orbitofrontal cortex, left frontal and occipital cortices, consistent with the morphological atrophy, functional connectivity and conductivity deficits in PD. Similarly in FTD patients, the advanced MRI methods such as ICA-DR, VMHC, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) as well as PET tracer for amyloid accumulation and FDG glucose uptake identified typical brain atrophy, structural dis-connectivity, glucose hypometabolism, higher neuropathological burden, lower interhemispheric correlation as well as disrupted intra- and inter-network modulation in the orbitofrontal and anterior temporal cortices together with insular and frontoparietal networks, with the cerebellum and dorsolateral attentional network as typical compensations. Functional and structural abnormalities had further been elucidated in the VaD dependent participants and autistic children. For instance, both lower FA and VMHC, brain atrophy and functional connectivity deficits, demyelination, axonal degeneration and white matter integrity damage in several white matter tracts were present in the dependent compared to independent participants in VaD data cohort. Increased neuronal activity with higher global fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the conventional and slow-wave sub-band was confirmed with less efficiency of systematic integration in VaD dependent group. Moreover, in ASD compared to controls, regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in all four brain lobes increased, whereas white matter volume were decreased in addition to the lower temporal, visual and superior frontal but higher inferior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical functional connectivities exhibited in ASD. The differences in each type of disease could also be revealed with the same imaging method based on either unique region or distinct brain circuit inter-connection, using VMHC, ICA-DR, DTI, VBM, fALFF and graph-theory based small-worldness analysis. In this book, we have developed and generalized conventional and advanced imaging methodologies to several common neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, we have identified the unique imaging signature for each disease type and the underlying neuropathological mechanism connections with conductivity, structural and microstructural connectivity, intra- and inter-network correlation, systematic integration and efficiency analyses. Our objective, comprehensive and confirmative results indicated great potential in utilizing these quantifications for accurate disease classification and staging. With solid imaging evidence, thorough analysis and generalized applications, this book should capture the interests of readers in the broad fields of brain science, disease diagnosis and effective treatment.

uberraschende Heilerfolge und schwere Schadigungen, das sind die beiden Extreme in der Wirkungsweise der Rontgenstrahlen. In allen geeigneten Fallen Heilung zu erzielen, die nicht geeigneten Falle rechtzeitig von der Rontgenbehandlung auszuschliessen, und in jedem Falle eine Schadigung mit Sicherheit zu vermeiden, das ist die Forderung, deren Erfullung mit den Fortschritten in der Technik und in unserer Erkenntnis uber die Wirkungsweise der Strahlen jetzt nahe geruckt ist. Auf vielen Gebieten bringt die medizinische Literatur stets neue Erfolge der Rontgentherapie - die Chirurgie, Gynakologie, Neurologie, innere Medizin und die Dermatologie wetteifern in der Ausnutzung des neuen Heilmittels. Ein klarer Einblick und eigene Erfahrung des Einzelnen auf allen diesen Gebieten sind zur Zeit kaum mehr moglich. Eine genaue Kenntnis der einzelnen Krankheiten und ihres Verlaufes bei Anwendung aller ubrigen Heilmethoden ist erforderlich, um be urteilen zu konnen, in welchen Fallen die Rontgentherapie einen Fortschritt bedeutet. Die Haut ist dasjenige Organ, auf welches bei allen therapeuti schen Bestrahlungen unter allen Umstanden Rucksicht genommen werden muss und deshalb ist die Kenntnis von dem Verhalten der Haut gegen Rontgenstrahlen nicht nur fur den Dermatologen, sondern auch fur die ubrigen Disziplinen von Wichtigkeit. So durfte diese Arbeit, die fur Dermatologen bestimmt ist, in ihrem allgemeinen therapeutischen Teil vielleicht einen weiteren Kreis interessieren. Es ist selbstverstandlich, dass ich mich auf alle mir zugangigen Arbeiten anderer Autoren gestutzt habe; wenn trotzdem in dieser Arbeit alle Literaturangaben fehlen, so ist dies aus dem Grunde ge- IV Vorwort."

This heavily revised second edition comprehensively reviews the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in cardiovascular practice. It provides detailed guidance on how to properly interpret OCT images and successfully utilise it in daily clinical practice Chapters cover the development and physics associated with OCT, relevant interpretation skills, OCT imaging artifacts, plaque erosion, bioabsorbable stent, the detection of vulnerable plaque, and the use of OCT imaging in unison with other modalities such as phase contrast imaging (PCI). Areas of potential future development are also covered Cardiovascular OCT Imaging enables interventional cardiologists and cardiologists to quickly become both familiar and develop a detailed understanding of this technology to improve patient care and treatment outcome. It is a valuable reference for all practising and trainee medical professionals in cardiology, and in particular those who specialize in interventional cardiology.