This volume presents current advanced technologies and methods used in super-resolution microscopy. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of topics such as introducing super-resolution microscopy into a core facility; two-photon STED microscopy for nanoscale imaging of neural morphology in vivo; correlative SIM-STORM microscopy; two-color single-molecule tracking in live cells; and correlative single molecule localization microscopy and confocal microscopy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Super-Resolution Microscopy: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for both established and novel researchers and users in this field.

This book explores the non-interventional aspects of interventional pulmonology, focusing on diseases of the central airways. As the field of bronchology and interventional pulmonology expands, newer conditions involving the central airways are being recognized with increasing frequency. Current literature has mainly focused on technical aspects of the subspecialty, but this book illuminates what else interventional pulmonology has to offer the pulmonologist, including diagnosis and alternate therapeutic options. Diseases of the Central Airways: A Clinical Guide presents techniques for the diagnoses, management and treatment of patients with intriguing central airway conditions such as: black bronchoscopy, tracheobronchomalacia, endobronchial tuberculosis, and tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. In-depth chapters are written by international experts and are up-to-date and comprehensive reviews. This important new book will contribute significantly to the welfare of patients with lung ailments of the central airways.

This book describes the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression that determine therapeutic interventions in the era of genomics, when the rapid evolution in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment necessitates critical review of new results to integrate advances into practice. The text opens with background and emerging information regarding the molecular biology of lung cancer pathogenesis. Updated results regarding lung cancer prevention and screening are discussed, followed by chapters on diagnostic techniques and pathological evaluation. This leads on to a detailed presentation of treatment modalities, from surgery and radiation therapy to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. The coverage includes resistance to therapy and the emergence of immunotherapy for lung cancer; in addition, the current evidence in respect of small cell lung cancer is summarized. The book presents insights from experts across disciplines to emphasize the importance of collaborative care. Advances in our understanding of issues in geriatric oncology and palliative care complete the comprehensive discussion of lung cancer.

This book describes the interaction of living matter with photons, neutrons, charged particles, electrons and ions. The authors are specialists in the field of radiation protection. The book synthesizes many years of experiments with external radiation exposure in the fields of dosimetry and radiation shielding in medical, industrial and research fields. It presents the basic physical concepts including dosimetry and offers a number of tools to be used by students, engineers and technicians to assess the radiological risk and the means to avoid them by calculating the appropriate shields. The theory of radiation interaction in matter is presented together with empirical formulas and abacus. Numerous numerical applications are treated to illustrate the different topics. The state of the art in radiation protection and dosimetry is presented in detail, especially in the field of simulation codes for external exposure to radiation, medical projects and advanced research. Moreover, important data spread in different up to date references are presented in this book. The book deals also with accelerators, X-rays facilities, sealed sources, dosimetry, Monte Carlo simulation and radiation regulation. Each chapter is split in two parts depending on the level of details the readers want to focus on. The first part, accessible to a large public, provides a lot of simple examples to help understanding the physics concepts under radiation external exposure. The second part, called "Additional Information" is not mandatory; it aims on explaining topics more deeply, often using mathematical formulations. The book treats fundamental radiometric and dosimetric quantities to describe the interaction in materials under the aspects of absorbed dose processes in tissues. Definitions and applications on limited and operational radiation protection quantities are given. An important aspect are practical engineering tools in industrial, medical and research domains. Source characterization and shielding design are addressed. Also more "exotic" topics, such as ultra intense laser and new generation accelerators, are treated. The state of the art is presented to help the reader to work with the book in a self-consistent way. The basic knowledge necessary to apply Monte Carlo methods in the field of radiation protection and dosimetry for external radiation exposure is provided. Coverage of topics such as variance reduction, pseudo-random number generation and statistic estimators make the book useful even to experienced Monte Carlo practitioners. Solved problems help the reader to understand the Monte Carlo process. The book is meant to be used by researchers, engineers and medical physicist. It is also valuable to technicians and students.

This thesis offers an accessible guide to biomedical phase-contrast imaging with over 20 radiographic illustrations. It focuses on research to improve radiography, and particularly mammography applications, by using a novel X-ray imaging modality that exploits the wave-nature of X-rays, rather than just their absorption in tissue. Further, it explores a broad range of potential applications - from the assessment of breast cancer and the evaluation of microcalcification clusters, to the examination of renal stones. X-ray imaging is an indispensable tool in modern medical diagnostics, and ranges from simple radiography applications to advanced CT imaging protocols. This novel phase-contrast approach has the potential to deliver significantly improved diagnostic information, also and especially in cases where mammography is used for screening purposes. The thesis is based on several studies conducted by the author - working in close interdisciplinary cooperation with medical doctors at two university clinics in Munich - and successfully demonstrates this diagnostic potential in pre-clinical experiments.

This book provides detailed calculated values for the thermal radiative and thermodynamic functions of black-body radiation in finite spectral ranges. The results are presented in tabular form. The areas of thermal power generation, infrared medical diagnostics, solar power and nuclear generation, and astrophysics are included. A range of the thermal radiative and thermodynamic functions are calculated by the authors in the finite frequency/wavenumber/wavelength intervals at different temperatures. This book also contains the tables of the chromaticity coordinates and RGB parameters calculated for different color spaces (Rec.709 (HDTV), sRGB, Adobe RGB). A number of the optimization problems is formulated and solved for various thermal black-body radiative and thermodynamic functions in a finite range of frequencies.

This book collates past and current research on one of the most promising emerging modalities for breast cancer detection. Readers will discover how, as a standalone technology or in conjunction with another modality, microwave imaging has the potential to provide reliable, safe and comfortable breast exams at low cost. Current breast imaging modalities include X- ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Positron Emission Tomography. Each of these methods suffers from limitations, including poor sensitivity or specificity, high cost, patient discomfort, and exposure to potentially harmful ionising radiation. Microwave breast imaging is based on a contrast in the dielectric properties of breast tissue that exists at microwave frequencies. The book begins by considering the anatomy and dielectric properties of the breast, contrasting historical and recent studies. Next, radar-based breast imaging algorithms are discussed, encompassing both early-stage artefact removal, and data independent and adaptive beamforming algorithms. In a similar fashion, microwave tomographic reconstruction algorithms are reviewed in the following chapter, introducing the reader to both the fundamental and more advanced algorithms. Apart from imaging, the book also reviews research efforts in extracting clinically useful information from the Radar Target Signature of breast tumours, which is used to classify tumours as either benign or malignant. Finally, the book concludes by describing the current state of the art in terms of prototype microwave breast imaging systems, with a particular emphasis on those which have progressed to the clinical evaluation stage. This work is motivated by the fact that breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death amongst women in Europe and the US, and the second most common cancer in the world today. Such an important area of research will appeal to many scholars and practitioners.p>

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the Third International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop, BrainLes 2017, as well as the International Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation, BraTS, and White Matter Hyperintensities, WMH, segmentation challenges, which were held jointly at the Medical Image computing for Computer Assisted Intervention Conference, MICCAI, in Quebec City, Canada, in September 2017. The 40 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: brain lesion image analysis; brain tumor image segmentation; and ischemic stroke lesion image segmentation.

This book deals with the new method of laser-driven acceleration for application to radiation biophysics and medicine. It provides multidisciplinary contributions from world leading scientist in order to assess the state of the art of innovative tools for radiation biology research and medical applications of ionizing radiation. The book contains insightful contributions on highly topical aspects of spatio-temporal radiation biophysics, evolving over several orders of magnitude, typically from femtosecond and sub-micrometer scales. Particular attention is devoted to the emerging technology of laser-driven particle accelerators and their application to spatio-temporal radiation biology and medical physics, customization of non-conventional and selective radiotherapy and optimized radioprotection protocols.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2017, in Quebec City, Canada, in September 2017. The 11 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 14 submissions. The contributions span the following broad categories: cross modality (PET/MR, PET/CT, CT/MR, etc.) image synthesis, simulation and synthesis from large-scale image databases, automated techniques for quality assessment images, and several applications of image synthesis and simulation in medical imaging such as image interpolation and segmentation, image reconstruction, cell imaging, and blood flow.

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the International Workshop on Fetal and Infant Image Analysis, FIFI 2017, and the 6th International Workshop on Ophthalmic Medical Image Analysis, OMIA 2017, held in conjunction with the 20th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2017, in Quebec City, QC, Canada, in September 2017. The 8 full papers presented at FIFI 2017 and the 20 full papers presented at OMIA 2017 were carefully reviewed and selected. The FIFI papers feature research on advanced image analysis approaches focused on the analysis of growth and development in the fetal, infant and paediatric period. The OMIA papers cover various topics in the field of ophthalmic image analysis.

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the International Workshop on Computational Methods for Molecular Imaging, CMMI 2017, the International Workshop on Reconstruction and Analysis of Moving Body Organs, RAMBO 2017, and the International Stroke Workshop: Imaging and Treatment Challenges, SWITCH 2017, held in conjunction with the 20th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2017, in Quebec City, QC, Canada, in September 2017. The 5 full papers presented at FIFI 2017, the 9 full papers presented at RAMBO 2017, and the 4 full papers presented at SWITCH 2017 were carefully reviewed and selected. The CMMI papers cover various areas from image synthesis to data analysis and from clinical diagnosis to therapy individualization, using molecular imaging modalities PET, SPECT, PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and PET/MR. The RAMBO papers present research from both academia and industry, They are organized into the categories "registration and tracking" and "image reconstruction and information retrieval" while application areas include cardiac, pulmonal, abdominal, fetal, and renal imaging. The SWITCH papers focus on CT(A)-based quantitative imaging biomarkers for stroke.

The horizons of sophisticated imaging have expanded with the use of combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT). PET-CT has revolutionized medical imaging by adding anatomic localization to functional imaging, thus providing physicians with information that is vital for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of pathologies. Since the integration of PET and CT several years ago, PET/CT procedures are now routine at leading medical centers throughout the world. This has increased the importance of nuclear medicine physicians acquiring a broad knowledge in sectional anatomy for image interpretation. The Atlas of Sectional Radiological Anatomy for PET/CT is a user-friendly guide presenting high-resolution, full-color images of anatomical detail and focuses solely on normal FDG distribution throughout the head & neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, the primary sites for cancer detection and treatment through PET/CT.

This practical, up-to-date, bedside-oriented radiation oncology book encompasses the essential aspects of the subject with coverage on radiation physics, radiobiology, and clinical radiation oncology. The first two sections examine concepts that are crucial in radiation physics and radiobiology. The third section describes radiation treatment regimens appropriate for the main cancer sites and tumor types.

Measurement of solid tumor response to treatment relies mainly on imaging. WHO tumor response criteria and, more recently, RECIST (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors) have provided means to objectively measure tumor response in clinical trials with imaging. These guidelines have been rapidly adopted in clinical practice to monitor patient treatment and for therapy planning. However, relying only on anatomical information is not always sufficient when evaluating new drugs that will reduce a tumor's functionality while preserving its size. Finding more reliable and reproducible measures of tumor response is one of the most important and difficult challenges facing modern radiology as it requires an entirely new approach to imaging. The aim of this book is to address the assessment of response to treatment by adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, just as occurs in real life in a comprehensive cancer center. Oncologists and imaging experts consider two cancer models, locally advanced disease and metastatic disease, jointly exploring both conventional and advanced means of measuring response to standard treatment protocols and new targeted therapies.

The three-volume set LNCS 10433, 10434, and 10435 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2017, held inQuebec City, Canada, in September 2017. The 255 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 800 submissions in a two-phase review process. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Part I: atlas and surface-based techniques; shape and patch-based techniques; registration techniques, functional imaging, connectivity, and brain parcellation; diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and tensor/fiber processing; and image segmentation and modelling. Part II: optical imaging; airway and vessel analysis; motion and cardiac analysis; tumor processing; planning and simulation for medical interventions; interventional imaging and navigation; and medical image computing. Part III: feature extraction and classification techniques; and machine learning in medical image computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, MLMI 2017, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2017, in Quebec City, QC, Canada, in September 2017. The 44 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. The main aim of this workshop is to help advance scientific research within the broad field of machine learning in medical imaging. The workshop focuses on major trends and challenges in this area, and presents works aimed to identify new cutting-edge techniques and their use in medical imaging.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Patch-Based Techniques in Medical Images, Patch-MI 2017, which was held in conjunction with MICCAI 2017, in Quebec City, QC, Canada, in September 2017. The 18 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on multi-atlas segmentation; segmentation; Alzheimer's disease; reconstruction, denoising, super-resolution; tumor, lesion; and classification, retrival.

The three-volume set LNCS 10433, 10434, and 10435 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2017, held inQuebec City, Canada, in September 2017. The 255 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 800 submissions in a two-phase review process. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Part I: atlas and surface-based techniques; shape and patch-based techniques; registration techniques, functional imaging, connectivity, and brain parcellation; diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and tensor/fiber processing; and image segmentation and modelling. Part II: optical imaging; airway and vessel analysis; motion and cardiac analysis; tumor processing; planning and simulation for medical interventions; interventional imaging and navigation; and medical image computing. Part III: feature extraction and classification techniques; and machine learning in medical image computing.

The three-volume set LNCS 10433, 10434, and 10435 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2017, held inQuebec City, Canada, in September 2017. The 255 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 800 submissions in a two-phase review process. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Part I: atlas and surface-based techniques; shape and patch-based techniques; registration techniques, functional imaging, connectivity, and brain parcellation; diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and tensor/fiber processing; and image segmentation and modelling. Part II: optical imaging; airway and vessel analysis; motion and cardiac analysis; tumor processing; planning and simulation for medical interventions; interventional imaging and navigation; and medical image computing. Part III: feature extraction and classification techniques; and machine learning in medical image computing.

This book highlights the experimental investigations that have been carried out on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (MRI & CT) images using state-of-the-art Computational Image processing techniques, and tabulates the statistical values wherever necessary. In a very simple and straightforward way, it explains how image processing methods are used to improve the quality of medical images and facilitate analysis. It offers a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, medical doctors and bioinformatics experts alike.

The three-volume set LNCS 9349, 9350, and 9351 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2015, held in Munich, Germany, in October 2015. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 263 revised papers from 810 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: quantitative image analysis I: segmentation and measurement; computer-aided diagnosis: machine learning; computer-aided diagnosis: automation; quantitative image analysis II: classification, detection, features, and morphology; advanced MRI: diffusion, fMRI, DCE; quantitative image analysis III: motion, deformation, development and degeneration; quantitative image analysis IV: microscopy, fluorescence and histological imagery; registration: method and advanced applications; reconstruction, image formation, advanced acquisition - computational imaging; modelling and simulation for diagnosis and interventional planning; computer-assisted and image-guided interventions.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, MLMI 2015, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2015, in Munich in October 2015. The 40 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. The workshop focuses on major trends and challenges in the area of machine learning in medical imaging and present works aimed to identify new cutting-edge techniques and their use in medical imaging.

This book serves as a practical guide for the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy in clinics. On the basis of more than 10 years of clinical experience with lung cancer, liver cancer and other cancers, a remarkable volume of knowledge has been accumulated. At the same time, great progress in techniques has been achieved. Various new fixing apparatuses, new respiratory regulation techniques, new dose fractionation schedules and new image-guided radiation therapy machines have been developed. This book reviews the history of those developments and reports on various types of toxicities. Review of recent clinical studies is also included. The authors were key members of the JCOG 0403 clinical trials on stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for both inoperable and operableT1N0M0 primary lung cancer. Readers will learn of the superior outcomes obtained with SBRT for lung cancer and other cancers in terms of local control and toxicities. With its practical focus, this book will benefit radiation oncologists, medical physicists, medical dosimetrists, radiation therapists and senior nurses as well as medical oncologists and surgical oncologists who are interested in radiotherapy.