Medical imaging has been transformed over the past 30 years by the advent of computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and various advances in x-ray and ultrasonic techniques. An enabling force behind this progress has been the (so far) exponentially increasing power of computers, which has made it practical to explore fundamentally new approaches. In particular, what our group terms "model-based" modalities-which produce tissue property images from data using nonlinear, iterative numerical modeling techniques-have become increasingly feasible.

Alternative Breast Imaging: Four Model-Based Approaches explores our research on four such modalities, particularly with regard to imaging of the breast: (1) MR elastography (MRE), (2) electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), (3) microwave imaging spectroscopy (MIS), and (4) near infrared spectroscopic imaging (NIS). Chapter 1 introduces the present state of breast imaging and discusses how our alternative modalities can contribute to the field. Chapter 2 looks at the computational common ground shared by all four modalities. Chapters 2 through 10 are devoted to the four modalities, with each modality being discussed first in a theory chapter and then in an implementation-and-results chapter. The eleventh and final chapter discusses statistical methods for image analysis in the context of these four alternative imaging modalities.

Imaging for the detection of breast cancer is a particularly interesting and relevant application of the four imaging modalities discussed in this book. Breast cancer is an extremely common health problem for women; the National Cancer Institute estimates that one in eight US women will develop breast cancer at least once in her lifetime. Yet the efficacy of the standard (and notoriously uncomfortable) early-detection test, the x-ray mammogram, has been disputed of late, especially for younger women. Conditions are thus ripe for the development of affordable techniques that replace or complement mammography. The breast is both anatomically accessible and small enough that the computing power required to model it, is affordable.

The continuous progress in the understanding of molecular processes of disease formation and progression attributes an increasing importance to biomedical molecular imaging methods. The purpose of this workshop was to discuss and overview multiple applications and emerging technologies in the area of diagnostic imaging including its fundamental capabilities in preclinical research, the opportunities for medical care, and the options involving therapeutic concepts. The book provides the reader with state-of-the-art information on the different aspects of diagnostic imaging, illuminating new developments in molecular biology, imaging agents and molecular probe design, and therapeutic techniques.

The 7th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2004, was held in Saint-Malo, Brittany, France at the "Palais du Grand Large" conference center, September 26-29, 2004. The p- posaltohostMICCAI2004wasstronglyencouragedandsupportedbyIRISA, Rennes. IRISA is a publicly funded national research laboratory with a sta? of 370,including150full-timeresearchscientistsorteachingresearchscientistsand 115 postgraduate students. INRIA, the CNRS, and the University of Rennes 1 are all partners in this mixed research unit, and all three organizations were helpful in supporting MICCAI. MICCAI has become a premier international conference with in-depth - pers on the multidisciplinary ?elds of medical image computing, comput- assisted intervention and medical robotics. The conference brings together cl- icians, biological scientists, computer scientists, engineers, physicists and other researchers and o?ers them a forum to exchange ideas in these exciting and rapidly growing ?elds. The impact of MICCAI increases each year and the quality and quantity of submitted papers this year was very impressive. We received a record 516 full submissions (8 pages in length) and 101 short communications (2 pages) from 36 di?erent countries and 5 continents (see ?gures below). All submissions were reviewed by up to 4 external reviewers from the Scienti?c Review C- mittee and a primary reviewer from the Program Committee. All reviews were then considered by the MICCAI 2004 Program Committee, resulting in the acceptance of 235 full papers and 33 short communications.

Academic radiology at Indiana University had its beginnings nearly a century ago with one radiographer and one X-ray machine. But, thanks to exceptional leadership, dramatic growth and change has taken place over the decades that followed. Today, the Indiana University Department of Radiology is composed of a large, dedicated group of physicians, residents, fellows, technologists and support staff. Using the most technologically advanced equipment available the department provides the highest level of radiologic training, imaging services and patient care. This is the story of those people who have worked tirelessly to shape the department over the past 98 years. It is because of their ingenuity, dedication to their craft, and love of teaching that the Indiana University Department of Radiology has thrived.

Nuclear chemistry represents a vital field of basic and applied research. In the 1st volume an introduction to the field is given including relevant parameters, modes of radioactivity, detection methods, and more. In the 2nd volume, modern applications are covered including analytical technologies, pharmaceutical and medical applications, and nuclear energy. The new editions have updated literature references and new material throughout.

In Vivo EPR (ESR) is a textbook on this relatively new subject in biomedical electron spin resonance. While a few chapters have appeared in special topics volumes in this series, this book covers the principles and theory, instrumentation as well as the latest applications at the time of its writing. The authors are world-renowned experts and pioneers in their fields. This book is divided into two major sections dealing with theory and instrumentation, and aspects of biochemistry, in vitro and in vivo applications. A significant amount of detail is devoted to clinical applications and the problems and pitfalls encountered in in vivo spectroscopy and imaging.
Key Features:

-History of In Vivo EPR,
-Principles of Imaging-Theory and Instrumentation,
-Time-domain Radio Frequency EPR Imaging,
-The Measurement of Oxygen In Vivo Using In Vivo EPR Techniques,
-Potential Medical (Clinical) Applications of EPR,
-Combining NMR and EPR/ESR for In Vivo Experiments.

The 6th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention,MICCAI2003,washeldinMontr eal,Qu ebec,CanadaattheF- rmont Queen Elizabeth Hotel during November 15-18, 2003. This was the ?rst time the conference had been held in Canada. The proposal to host MICCAI 2003 originated from discussions within the Ontario Consortium for Ima- guided Therapy and Surgery, a multi-institutional research consortium that was supported by the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Ministry of E- erprise, Opportunity and Innovation. The objective of the conference was to o?er clinicians and scientists a - rum within which to exchange ideas in this exciting and rapidly growing ?eld. MICCAI 2003 encompassed the state of the art in computer-assisted interv- tions, medical robotics, and medical-image processing, attracting experts from numerous multidisciplinary professions that included clinicians and surgeons, computer scientists, medical physicists, and mechanical, electrical and biome- cal engineers. The quality and quantity of submitted papers were most impressive. For MICCAI 2003 we received a record 499 full submissions and 100 short c- munications. All full submissions, of 8 pages each, were reviewed by up to 5 reviewers, and the 2-page contributions were assessed by a small subcomm- tee of the Scienti?c Review Committee. All reviews were then considered by the MICCAI 2003 Program Committee, resulting in the acceptance of 206 full papers and 25 short communications. The normal mode of presentation at MICCAI 2003 was as a poster; in addition, 49 papers were chosen for oral presentation.

The 6th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention,MICCAI2003,washeldinMontr eal,Qu ebec,CanadaattheF- rmont Queen Elizabeth Hotel during November 15-18, 2003. This was the ?rst time the conference had been held in Canada. The proposal to host MICCAI 2003 originated from discussions within the Ontario Consortium for Ima- guided Therapy and Surgery, a multi-institutional research consortium that was supported by the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Ministry of E- erprise, Opportunity and Innovation. The objective of the conference was to o?er clinicians and scientists a - rum within which to exchange ideas in this exciting and rapidly growing ?eld. MICCAI 2003 encompassed the state of the art in computer-assisted interv- tions, medical robotics, and medical-image processing, attracting experts from numerous multidisciplinary professions that included clinicians and surgeons, computer scientists, medical physicists, and mechanical, electrical and biome- cal engineers. The quality and quantity of submitted papers were most impressive. For MICCAI 2003 we received a record 499 full submissions and 100 short c- munications. All full submissions, of 8 pages each, were reviewed by up to 5 reviewers, and the 2-page contributions were assessed by a small subcomm- tee of the Scienti?c Review Committee. All reviews were then considered by the MICCAI 2003 Program Committee, resulting in the acceptance of 206 full papers and 25 short communications. The normal mode of presentation at MICCAI 2003 was as a poster; in addition, 49 papers were chosen for oral presentation.

Intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS) plays very important roles in clinical cardiology. This book describes the newest advances in vascular ultrasound imaging and the surrounding technologies for high frequency vascular ultrasound imaging. Most important topics of the book are technical applications of IVUS (elasticity imaging, chromaflow...) and the basic data (vibration, acoustic microscopy) that should provide very important information to understand clinical IVUS imaging.

Prominent physicians review past, current, and future applications of the many powerful imaging techniques now used in the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and outcomes assessment of cancers of the prostate, central nervous system (CNS), and breast. Topics range from the use of screening mammography and approaches to breast cancer detection using MRI to improved visualization of the prostate gland from transrectal ultrasound and MRI, to MRI-guided resection of neoplasms.

The purpose of this monograph is both to introduce and review developed tomograhic methods for discovering 2D and 3D structures of the ionosphere and to discuss the experimental implementation of these methods. The theoretical part deals with the solution of the inverse problem of diffraction tomography for a wide range of properties of ionospheric media. Examples are given to illustrate the experimental reconstruction of electron-density distributions in ionospheric sections. In addition to addressing the specialist researcher, the detailed derivations and explanations make this book an excellent starting point for nonspecialists and graduate students who wish to enter this exciting new field to which the authors have made pioneering contributions.

From the highly popular Secrets Series (R) comes the succinct, practical electromyography book that practitioners have been waiting for. Major authorities in the field present a series of key questions and answers in areas of importance in EMG, featuring the additional tips, pearls, and "secrets" that are the hallmark of the series. Major sections include Anatomy and Physiology, Instrumentation, Nerve Conduction Studies, Electromyography, Specific Diseases, and Interpretation of Results. All the most important "need-to-know" questions-and-answers in the proven format of the highly acclaimed Secrets Series (R) Concise answers that include the author's pearls, tips, memory aids, and "secrets" Bulleted lists, algorithms, and illustrations for quick review Thorough, highly detailed index Thought-provoking questions that provide succinct answers Presentation of a vast amount of information

Together with the companion volume LNCS 2488 this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2002, held in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2002.The 184 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 321 submissions. The two-volume proceedings offers main topical sections on medical robotics and endoscopic devices; validation; brain tumor, cortex, vascular, and imaging and analysis; segmentation; cardiac applications; computer-assisted diagnosis; tubular structures; interventions; simulation; modelling; statistical shape modelling; image registration; visualization; and novel imaging techniques.

Together with the companion volume LNCS 2489 this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2002, held in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2002.The 184 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 321 submissions. The two-volume proceedings offers main topical sections on medical robotics and endoscopic devices; validation; brain tumor, cortex, vascular, and imaging and analysis; segmentation; cardiac applications; computer-assisted diagnosis; tubular structures; interventions; simulation; modelling; statistical shape modelling; image registration; visualization; and novel imaging techniques.

A half century after its invention, and after several waves of optimism and pessimism, holography is now poised to achieve widespread application. Holograms are now being used as tools in many industries, from heads-up displays in aircraft to directing interconnections in massively parallel computing. Acoustic holograms can provide three-dimensional images of internal organs without surgery or dangerous radiation, and holography forms the basis of several other forms of nondestructive testing. This book provides both a review of the development of the field and of the applications likely to be important in the 21st century. It begins with a review by Emmett Leith, one of the inventors of holography - or re-inventors, after Denis Gabor's original work in 1947. Two chapters discuss the frontiers of holographic imaging, including color holograms and stereographic movies. Several subsequent chapters describe novel methods of forming and viewing holographic images, including the use of low-coherence sources or even computers to generate the holograms. The book concludes with a sampling of new applications of holography, including its uses in improving the efficiency of solar cells, in nondestructive testing, in improving the coherence properties of light, in data storage, and in investigations of fundamental physics.

Exploration of Cortical Function summarizes recent research efforts aiming at the revelation of cortical population coding and signal processing strategies. Topics include optical detection techniques of population activity in the sub-millimeter range, advanced methods for the statistical analysis of these data, and biologically inspired neuronal modeling techniques for population activities in the frameworks of optimal coding, statistical learning theory, and mean-field recurrent networks.

Exploration of Cortical Function is unique in that it covers one complete branch of population-based brain research ranging from techniques for data acquisition over data analysis up to modeling techniques for the quantification of functional principles. The volume covers an area which is of great current interest to researchers working on cerebral cortex. The combination of models and image analysis techniques to examine the activity of large cohorts of neurons is especially intriguing and prone to considerable error and debate.

The intended readership is students and researchers from many disciplines, including neuroscience, biology, physics, and computer science, interested in how an interdisciplinary framework from biology advanced statistics and computational neuroscience can be used to gather a quantitative understanding of cortical function. Experimentalists may gain insight into statistical and neuronal modeling techniques, whereas theoreticians will find an introductory treatment of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and measurement techniques.

Exploration of Cortical Function summarizes recent research efforts aiming at the revelation of cortical population coding and signal processing strategies. Topics include optical detection techniques of population activity in the sub-millimeter range, advanced methods for the statistical analysis of these data, and biologically inspired neuronal modeling techniques for population activities in the frameworks of optimal coding, statistical learning theory, and mean-field recurrent networks.

Exploration of Cortical Function is unique in that it covers one complete branch of population-based brain research ranging from techniques for data acquisition over data analysis up to modeling techniques for the quantification of functional principles. The volume covers an area which is of great current interest to researchers working on cerebral cortex. The combination of models and image analysis techniques to examine the activity of large cohorts of neurons is especially intriguing and prone to considerable error and debate.

The intended readership is students and researchers from many disciplines, including neuroscience, biology, physics, and computer science, interested in how an interdisciplinary framework from biology advanced statistics and computational neuroscience can be used to gather a quantitative understanding of cortical function. Experimentalists may gain insight into statistical and neuronal modeling techniques, whereas theoreticians will find an introductory treatment of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and measurement techniques.

Sharmila Majumdar In the area of osteoporosis and skeletal changes, it is currently accepted that bone mineral density (BMD), widely used for screening, monitoring and assessing therapeutic efficacy, does not adequately explain the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the process of aging, or the therapeutic efficacy of various treatments. In this context, trabecular micro- architecture has enormous potential to contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of osteopor.osis and therapy assessment. The use and value of noninvasive imaging and quantitative image analysis and processing of trabecular bone micro-architecture have increased dramatically due to recent advances in instrumentation and software. This emerging field is diverse, interdisciplinary, and encompasses many different imaging modalities. Interested researchers include those involved in technique development, basic science and animal studies, as well as clinical researchers and practicing physicians. With the growth of this area of research, a group of investigators at the 11th Interna- tional Workshop of Bone Densitometry, 1 concluded that a forum dedicated to this matter was urgently needed. With this agenda, Dr. Peter Ruegsegger organized the first sympo- 2 sium on conjunction with the 10th Conference of the European Society of Biomechanics. The symposium on Bone Architecture and Competence was a two-hourlong event which resulted in five chapters in Bone Research and Biomechanics, edited by G. Lowet, P. Ruegsegger, H. Weinans, and A. Meunier, published by lOS Press, 1997. The second symposium was held as a pre-symposium to the 12th Workshop on Bone Denistometry,3 and flourished as a daylong event.

Measurement of Cardiac Deformations from MRI: Physical and Mathematical Models describes the latest imaging and imag analysis techniques that have been developed at leading centers for the visualization, analysis, and understanding of normal and abnormal cardiac motion with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The use of MRI in measuring cardiac motion is particularly important because MRI is non-invasive, and it is the only modality capable of imaging detailed intramural motion within the myocardium. Biomedical engineers, medical physicists, computer scientists, and physicians interested in learning about the latest advances in cardiovascular MRI should find this book to be a valuable educational resource. In particular, it is more tutorial in nature than most of the technical papers where the research was originally published. Practitioners and researchers working in the field of cardiovascular MRI will find the book to be filled with practical technical details and references to other work, enabling the implementation of existing methods and serving as a basis for further research in the area.

This book contains the proceedings of the Special Session, Interaction of Inverse Problems and Image Analysis, held at the January 2001 meeting of the AMS in New Orleans, LA. The common thread among inverse problems, signal analysis, and image analysis is a canonical problem: recovering an object (function, signal, picture) from partial or indirect information about the object. Both inverse problems and imaging science have emerged in recent years as interdisciplinary research fields with profound applications in many areas of science, engineering, technology, and medicine. Research in inverse problems and image processing shows rich interaction with several areas of mathematics and strong links to signal processing, variational problems, applied harmonic analysis, and computational mathematics.This volume contains carefully referred and edited original research papers and high-level survey papers that provide overview and perspective on the interaction of inverse problems, image analysis, and medical imaging. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in signal and image processing and medical imaging.

This book provides a complete overview of all modalities used for hand and wrist imaging, along with a complete overview of the various disease entities that can be diagnosed. As a state-of-the-art overview of hand and wrist imaging it is a reference work for radiologists, hand surgeons, orthopedists, traumatologists, rheumatologists and internists and their residents in training. The chapters are written by experts in musculoskeletal radiology from various European countries and the USA.

Clinical Imaging of the Small Intestine offers a complete review of small bowel radiology and its applications. With contributions from leading international authorities, the book provides the reader with the pertinent aspects of gastrointestinal radiology, specifically the problems of technique and interpretation that confront radiologists.The second edition was revised to include: - CT and MRI of the small bowel; - Sonography of the small bowel; - Assessing the activity of Crohn's disease with MRI; - Vascular disorders and small bowel obstructions; - Immune deficiency diseases; - Differential diagnosis based on both pathologic and radiologic findings; - New Figures and expanded index.The comprehensive scope of coverage makes this book a highly specialized but nonetheless state-of-the-art reference for those practitioners who have an interest in learning more about intestinal imaging, including radiologists, gastroenterologists and surgeons.

This workbook on Quality assurance is primarily written for radiographers and radiological technologists, but it may prove valuable for other health professionals. It focuses on the most essential steps of practical quality assurance needed in order to improve safety, quality, and efficacy of their work, and may be used either for self study and self assessment, or as part of organized training courses. The workbook includes teaching techniques and health and safety issues in X-ray departments. It also includes 6 teaching modules on reject film analysis, accessory equipment, X-ray equipment, manual film processing, automatic film processing, and radiographicexposures. It concludes with two appendix on making simple test tools, graphs, check sheets and record sheets, as well as a glossary and references.

The techniques and instrumentation of medical imaging have rapidly evolved over the course of the past few years. Medical Imaging Physics, the premier resource in its field, now in its fourth edition, has been revised to include novel and emerging imaging approaches in the same clear and understandable but thorough manner of the former editions.

William Hendee and Russell Ritenour’s comprehensive text provides the tools necessary to be comfortable with the physical principles, technology concepts, equipment, and procedures used in diagnostic imaging, as well as to appreciate the technological capabilities and limitations of the discipline. Readers need not possess a background in physics. Broadly accessible, Medical Imaging Physics covers all aspects of image formation in modern medical imaging modalities, such as radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), nuclear imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging. Other topics covered include:

• Digital x-ray imaging
• Doppler ultrasound
• Helical CT scanning
• Accumulation and analysis of nuclear data
• Experimental radiobiology
• Radiation protection and safety

Each chapter is composed of summaries, questions, and problems, as well as sidebars highlighting historical aspects and key facts and concepts; additionally, the Fourth Edition contains over 200 completely new figures. Physicians and residents in radiology and nuclear medicine, in addition to physicists, engineers, radiobiologists, and technologists working with diagnostic imaging technology, will find Medical Imaging Physics to be a vital addition to their professional libraries.