This clinically oriented book provides an up-to-date review on the various hybrid imaging modalities that may be employed for the purpose of cardiac imaging. After discussion of generic aspects of hybrid imaging, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MRI are each considered in depth. In addition, information is provided on upcoming technologies, such as dedicated so-called fast cardiac cameras (CZT detector technology) and novel probes and radiotracers. A wide variety of topics are addressed, including important technological aspects, possible applications, imaging protocols, peculiarities of the available modalities, radiation exposure, and dose reduction. Last but not least, an estimation of the cost efficiency of dedicated and hybrid imaging devices in cardiology is provided and possible scenarios with respect to health care economics are envisioned. Hybrid Cardiac Imaging will be of particular value for nuclear medicine specialists, cardiologists, and radiologists and will also be of interest to medical physicists, medical technicians, and cardiothoracic surgeons.

The available information on breast cancer has evolved so rapidly that a textbook understanding is no longer sufficient to make sound therapeutic decisions. Further, the latest findings and data are spread throughout the scientific literature of various medical fields, making it difficult for medical professionals to keep abreast of these advances, and to apply them in their day-to-day work. This book provides updated information on breast cancer, such as the modern molecular classification and staging, and demonstrates how imaging with pathologic correlation can be used in management decisions. In addition, it identifies the most suitable imaging modalities for screening, diagnosis and monitoring for each clinical case. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for all medical professionals (practicing or still in training) whose work involves breast cancer, including radiologists, breast surgeons, pathologists, radiotherapists and nuclear medicine professionals.

The biomedical sciences have recently undergone revolutionary change, due to the ability to digitize and store large data sets. In neuroscience, the data sources include measurements of neural activity measured using electrode arrays, EEG and MEG, brain imaging data from PET, fMRI and optical imaging methods. Analysis, visualization and management of these time series data sets is a growing field of research that has become increasingly important both for experimentalists and theorists interested in brain function. Written by investigators who have played an important role in developing the subject and in its pedagogical exposition, the current volume addresses the need for a textbook in this interdisciplinary area. The book is written for a broad spectrum of readers ranging from physical scientists, mathematicians and statisticians wishing to educate themselves about neuroscience, as well as biologists who would like to learn time series analysis methods in particular, and refresh their mathematical and statistical knowledge in general, through self-pedagogy. It could also be used as a supplement for a quantitative course in neurobiology or as a textbook for instruction on neural signal processing. The first part of the book contains a set of essays meant to provide conceptual background which are not technical and should be generally accessible. Salient features include the adoption of an active perspective of the nervous system, an emphasis on function, and a brief survey of different theoretical accounts in neuroscience. The second part is the longest in the book, and contains a refresher course in mathematics and statistics leading up to time series analysis techniques. The third part contains applications of data analysis techniques to the range of data sources indicated above (also available as part of the Chronux data analysis platform from http://chronux.org), and the fourth part contains special topics.

With cancer-related deaths projected to rise to 10.3 million people by 2020, the need to prevent, diagnose, and cure cancer is greater than ever. This book presents readers with the most up-to-date imaging instrumentation, general and diagnostic applications for various cancers, with an emphasis on lung and breast carcinomas--the two major worldwide malignancy types. This book discusses the various imaging techniques used to locate and diagnose tumors, including ultrasound, X-ray, color Doppler sonography, PET, CT, PET/CT, MRI, SPECT, diffusion tensor imaging, dynamic infrared imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It also details strategies for imaging cancer, emphasizing the importance of the use of this technology for clinical diagnosis. Imaging techniques that predict the malignant potential of cancers, response to chemotherapy and other treatments, recurrence, and prognosis are also detailed.
Concentrates on the application of imaging technology to the diagnosis and prognosis of lung and breast carcinomas, the two major worldwide malignancies
Addresses the relationship between radiation dose and image quality
Discusses the role of molecular imaging in identifying changes for the emergence and progression of cancer at the cellular and/or molecular levels"

Volumetric, or three-dimensional, digital imaging now plays a vital role in many areas of research such as medicine and geology. Medical images acquired by tomographic scanners for instance are often given as a stack of cross-sectional image slices. Such images are called ‘volumetric’ because they depict objects in their entire three-dimensional extent rather than just as a projection onto a two-dimensional image plane. Since huge amounts of volumetric data are continually being produced in many places around the world, techniques for their automatic analysis become ever more important. Written by a computer vision specialist, this clear, detailed account of volumetric image analysis techniques provides a practical approach to the field including the following topics:

• preprocessing of volumetric images
• obtaining quantitative measurements in volumetric images
• detection and modelling of objects in volumetric images

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Interpretability of Machine Intelligence in Medical Image Computing, iMIMIC 2022, held in September 2022, in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022. The 10 full papers presented at iMIMIC 2022 were carefully reviewed and selected from 24 submissions each. The iMIMIC papers focus on introducing the challenges and opportunities related to the topic of interpretability of machine learning systems in the context of medical imaging and computer assisted intervention.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the first International Workshop on Cancer Prevention through Early Detection, CaPTion, held in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022, in Singapore, Singapore, in September 2022. The 16 papers presented at CaPTion 2022 were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. The workshop invites researchers to submit their work in the field of medical imaging around the central theme of early cancer detection, and it strives to address the challenges that are required to be overcomed to translate computational methods to clinical practice through well designed, generalizable (robust), interpretable and clinically transferable methods.

The eight-volume set LNCS 13431, 13432, 13433, 13434, 13435, 13436, 13437, and 13438 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022, which was held in Singapore in September 2022. The 574 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1831 submissions in a double-blind review process. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Brain development and atlases; DWI and tractography; functional brain networks; neuroimaging; heart and lung imaging; dermatology; Part II: Computational (integrative) pathology; computational anatomy and physiology; ophthalmology; fetal imaging; Part III: Breast imaging; colonoscopy; computer aided diagnosis; Part IV: Microscopic image analysis; positron emission tomography; ultrasound imaging; video data analysis; image segmentation I; Part V: Image segmentation II; integration of imaging with non-imaging biomarkers; Part VI: Image registration; image reconstruction; Part VII: Image-Guided interventions and surgery; outcome and disease prediction; surgical data science; surgical planning and simulation; machine learning - domain adaptation and generalization; Part VIII: Machine learning - weakly-supervised learning; machine learning - model interpretation; machine learning - uncertainty; machine learning theory and methodologies.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Perinatal, Preterm and Paediatric Image Analysis, PIPPI 2022, held in conjunction with the 25th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2022, in Singapore, Singapore, in September 2021. The 10 full papers and 1 short papers presented at PIPPI 2022 were carefully reviewed and selected from 12 submissions. PIPPI 2022 workshop complements the main MICCAI conference by providing a focused discussion of perinatal and paediatric image analysis, including the application of sophisticated analysis tools to fetal, neonatal and paediatric imaging data.

This book focuses on congenital heart disease (CHD) and emerging imaging technologies. It covers all clinically relevant aspects of the fascinating new cardiac imaging technologies, including a comprehensive explanation of their basic principles, practical aspects of novel clinical applications, and detailed descriptions of specific uses in the broad spectrum of clinically important adult CHD. Innovations and emerging technologies for diagnosis and therapeutics, evaluation and treatment are continually evolving, and due to these advances in non-invasive diagnosis, there has been a significant improvement in the survival rates for CHD patient. Novel approaches to trans-catheter interventions and advances in echocardiography, MRI and CT imaging are being developed and incorporated into routine clinical practice, while emerging three-dimensional printing technologies are fundamentally affecting patient care, research, trainee education, and interactions between multidisciplinary teams, patients, and caregivers. In addition, translational technologies on the horizon promise to take this nascent field even further. Exploring the applicability of these emerging technologies in improving our understanding of complex congenital cardiac defect anatomy and physiology will provide new treatment options for this unique population. Written by experts in the field who are also involved in patient care, this book discusses the practical application of innovations in advanced multimodality imaging in the daily clinical routine and offers tips and tricks for beginners.

Comprised of two separate volumes, Neuroimaging provides a state-of-the-art review of a broad range of neuroimaging techniques applied to both clinical and research settings. The breadth of the methods covered is matched by the depth of description of the theoretical background. Part B covers the application of neuroimaging in both research and clinical settings for the study of anxiety disorders, dementia, depression, schizophrenia, functional somatic syndromes, stroke, and multiple sclerosis using a range of neuroimaging modalities including CT, PET, SPECT, DTI, structural MRI and fMRI. One chapter is devoted to the study of brain development using structural MRI, and one chapter to the study of pediatric neurobehavioral disorders using fMRI. One of the most exciting recent applications of neuroimaging to the area of genetics is covered, and with the theory and application of neuroreceptor imaging in psychiatry, forms the final two chapters.
The two parts of Neuroimaging complement each other providing in-depth information on a broad range of routine and cutting edge techniques that is not available in any other text. This book is superbly written and beautifully illustrated by contributors working at the top of their chosen specialty.
* Presents recent applications of neuroimaging to the area of genetics
* Discusses the study of brain development using structural MRI
* Includes chapters on the theory and application of neuroreceptor imaging in psychiatry

Diagnostic radiology plays a vital role in patient management and all clinicians need to be able to recognize the radiological appearances of many medical conditions. Not only are traditional imaging techniques important, but newer techniques such as interventional radiology, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, and ultrasound are increasingly important to clinical practice. The interpretation of radiological images is also an integral part of professional examinations within general surgery. This book covers all modalities in radiology, providing a guide to the principles of plain radiographic film interpretation and an understanding of the roles and limitations of more complex imaging across general surgery. The use of contrast agents, radiation dosage, and guidance on the interpretation of some imaging modalities such as the chest and abdominal radiograph, intravenous urogram, and barium studies are included. The material is presented through the discussion of 101 fully illustrated cases which take a question and full answer format. Aimed primarily at surgical trainees facing the MRCS examinations, this book will also be of value to radiology trainees, junior doctors, senior medical students, and established clinicians that wish to refresh their knowledge in radiology.

Stereology is a valuable tool for neuroscientists, allowing them to obtain 3-Dimensional information from 2-Dimensional measurements made on appropriately sampled sections (usually obtained from histological sections or MRI/CT/PET scans). This 3-D information is invaluable in correlating
structural/functional relationships in the pursuit of far greater understanding of the function of the central nervous system. However, in carrying out such measurements, often based on limited data sets, there is a risk of experimenter bias. An important feature of modern design based stereology is
to be aware of potential sources of bias and eliminate them during the data collection. With many of the major neuroscience journals now insisting that quantitative data be presented, there is a greater need than ever for neuroscientists to understand the theory and practice behind quantitative
methods, such as those offered by stereology. Quantitive Methods in Neuroscience is a cookbook of stereological methods written especially for neuroscientists. It provides clear and accessible advice about when and when not to use stereology. Throughout the book, the emphasis is on practical
guidance, rather than discussions and formulae. Written by leading scientists in the field of stereology, with a Foreword by D.C. Sterio, the book will be a valuable introduction to these methods for neuroscientists, and all those involved in development of new drug programmes.

This book constitutes the Second International Challenge on Kidney and Kidney Tumor Segmentation, KiTS 2021, which was held in conjunction with the 24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021. The challenge took place virtually on September 27, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 21 contributions presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. This challenge aims to develop the best system for automatic semantic segmentation of renal tumors and surrounding anatomy.

From the highly popular Secrets Series (R) comes the succinct, practical electromyography book that practitioners have been waiting for. Major authorities in the field present a series of key questions and answers in areas of importance in EMG, featuring the additional tips, pearls, and "secrets" that are the hallmark of the series. Major sections include Anatomy and Physiology, Instrumentation, Nerve Conduction Studies, Electromyography, Specific Diseases, and Interpretation of Results. All the most important "need-to-know" questions-and-answers in the proven format of the highly acclaimed Secrets Series (R) Concise answers that include the author's pearls, tips, memory aids, and "secrets" Bulleted lists, algorithms, and illustrations for quick review Thorough, highly detailed index Thought-provoking questions that provide succinct answers Presentation of a vast amount of information

Better understand and retain the material in Kelley's Sectional Anatomy for Imaging Professionals, 4th Edition with this dynamic workbook. With its wide variety of engaging exercises - including illustration labeling, puzzles, case studies, matching activities, fill-in-the-blank questions, short-answer questions, and more - you can benefit from an integrated and highly-visual approach to learning sectional anatomy and its application in diagnostic imaging. Wide variety of engaging exercises - including matching, true/false, fill-in-the-blank, case studies, and labeling - aid your learning and retention. Chapter objectives focus your attention on the important concepts you are expected to master by the end of the chapter. Memory learning aids help you quickly memorize terms, definitions, and anatomic locations so you can concentrate more on the application of concepts. Over 300 images with labeling opportunities provide thorough practice in identifying anatomic structures. NEW! Updated material corresponds with the updated material in the main text. NEW! Additional labeling queries reinforce identification of structures on sectional anatomy images. NEW! Additional exercises further emphasize anatomic location and function. NEW! Additional case studies help tie the material to what happens on the job in the clinical setting.

Organised according to presenting signs, with discussion of appropriate investigations Outlines strengths and weaknesses of different imaging modalities and discusses appropriate choice of technique in each instance Reviews differential diagnoses and corroborative tests

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart, STACOM 2021, as well as the M&Ms-2 Challenge: Multi-Disease, Multi-View and Multi-Center Right Ventricular Segmentation in Cardiac MRI Challenge.The 25 regular workshop papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected after being revised. They deal with cardiac imaging and image processing, machine learning applied to cardiac imaging and image analysis, atlas construction, artificial intelligence, statistical modelling of cardiac function across different patient populations, cardiac computational physiology, model customization, atlas based functional analysis, ontological schemata for data and results, integrated functional and structural analyses, as well as the pre-clinical and clinical applicability of these methods. In addition, 15 papers from the M&MS-2 challenge are included in this volume. The Multi-Disease, Multi-View & Multi-Center Right Ventricular Segmentation in Cardiac MRI Challenge (M&Ms-2) is focusing on the development of generalizable deep learning models for the Right Ventricle that can maintain good segmentation accuracy on different centers, pathologies and cardiac MRI views. There was a total of 48 submissions to the workshop.

This book is an ideal introduction to the specialty of post mortem computed tomography (PMCT). It will serve as a comprehensive yet accessible guide to the understanding and interpretation of whole-body studies for both hospital and community settings. Both normal post mortem appearances and findings associated with a wide range of diagnoses encountered in real cases from the coronial service are presented with the aid of numerous images. The coverage encompasses not only findings in all anatomic regions but also the imaging appearances in cases following targeted coronary angiography, attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and various special circumstances such as suicide. The inclusion of many practical tips and possible pitfalls will support the radiologist to become more confident when reporting PMCT, while for the more experienced practitioner the wealth of examples will serve as a useful resource. In addition to radiologists, the book will be of value for pathologists at all levels of experience and anyone needing to understand the role and limitations of PMCT.

Ideal for residents starting in radiology and radiologic technologists, this concise manual is the perfect introduction to the physics and practice of CT and the interpretation of basic CT images. Designed as a systematic learning tool, it introduces the use of CT scanners for all organs, and includes positioning, use of contrast media, representative CT scans of normal and pathological findings, explanatory drawings with keyed anatomic structures, and an overview of the most important measurement data. Finally, self-assessment quizzes - including answers - at the end of each chapter help the reader monitor progress and evaluate knowledge gained. New in this fifth edition: Recent technical developments such as dual source CT, protocols for CT angiography, and PET/CT fusion. This book includes complimentary access to an online version on https://medone.thieme.com.

This book constitutes the Second Automatization of Cranial Implant Design in Cranioplasty Challenge, AutoImplant 2021, which was held in conjunction with the 24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021, in Strasbourg, France, in September, 2021. The challenge took place virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 7 papers are presented together with one invited paper, one qualitative evaluation criteria from neurosurgeons and a dataset descriptor. This challenge aims to provide more affordable, faster, and more patient-friendly solutions to the design and manufacturing of medical implants, including cranial implants, which is needed in order to repair a defective skull from a brain tumor surgery or trauma. The presented solutions can serve as a good benchmark for future publications regarding 3D volumetric shape learning and cranial implant design.

It is now widely recognised that biological psychiatry is rapidly coming into its own. For over the last three decades dramatic advances in this young discipline have been made, all of which attest to the staying power of the experimental method. Those who made this revolution in knowledge happen are a breed of investigators availing themselves of the tools of molecular biology, pharmacology, genetics, and perhaps, above all, the technology of neuroimaging. The introduction of the interdisciplinary method of approach to the study of psychopathology had made it very clear that neuroimaging, as a set of techniques, is unique in that it is gradually providing us with evidence supporting Kraepelin's original view that mental illness is closely associated with abnormal changes in the brain.
Broadly speaking, there are presently two structural techniques in neuroimaging - computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - and three functional techniques - single photon emission tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Through PET technology, for example, we have learned that, in early brain development, the primitive areas, mostly the brain stem and thalamus, are the first to show high activity in an infant. This is followed by the development of cortical areas by year one. Between the ages of four to 10, the cortex is almost twice as active in the child as in the adult. This information alerts us to what might happen in the way of trauma in abused children, especially those under the age of three. Child abuse increases the risk of physical changes, not only in the stress systems, but also in brain development (Glaser and Weissman). In addition to the difficult problem of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we have to take into account the possibility of other types of mental illness as the consequences of child abuse. These include depression, eating disorders, and drug and alcohol problems.
The combination of PET and fMRI represents a more remarkable example of the power of neuroimaging since the two have made it feasible to map accurately in vitro identifiable cortical fields, or networks. In a landmark NIH investigation of human cortical reorganization (plasticity), persuasive evidence was brought forward showing that the process of learning as a motor task involves a specific network of neurons. These neurons occur in the cortical field that is responsible for that particular task. Such findings are important partly because they provide evidence supporting the current notion that labor in the cortex is divided among ensembles of specialized neurons that cooperate in the performance of complex tasks. Cooperation, then, in this, sense implies crosstalk among ensembles and that signals are both processed and retransmitted to neighbouring ensembles. To understand the workings of these ensembles, much better spatial and temporal resolution in functional brain mapping is required. This can be achieved with an NMR instrument whose magnet is 4.1 Tesla or more.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Uncertainty for Safe Utilization of Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, UNSURE 2021, and the 6th International Workshop on Preterm, Perinatal and Paediatric Image Analysis, PIPPI 2021, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Strasbourg, France, but was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.For UNSURE 2021, 13 papers from 18 submissions were accepted for publication. They focus on developing awareness and encouraging research in the field of uncertainty modelling to enable safe implementation of machine learning tools in the clinical world. PIPPI 2021 accepted 14 papers from the 18 submissions received. The workshop aims to bring together methods and experience from researchers and authors working on these younger cohorts and provides a forum for the open discussion of advanced image analysis approaches focused on the analysis of growth and development in the fetal, infant and paediatric period.

The eight-volume set LNCS 12901, 12902, 12903, 12904, 12905, 12906, 12907, and 12908 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021, held in Strasbourg, France, in September/October 2021.*The 531 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1630 submissions in a double-blind review process. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: image segmentation Part II: machine learning - self-supervised learning; machine learning - semi-supervised learning; and machine learning - weakly supervised learning Part III: machine learning - advances in machine learning theory; machine learning - attention models; machine learning - domain adaptation; machine learning - federated learning; machine learning - interpretability / explainability; and machine learning - uncertainty Part IV: image registration; image-guided interventions and surgery; surgical data science; surgical planning and simulation; surgical skill and work flow analysis; and surgical visualization and mixed, augmented and virtual reality Part V: computer aided diagnosis; integration of imaging with non-imaging biomarkers; and outcome/disease prediction Part VI: image reconstruction; clinical applications - cardiac; and clinical applications - vascular Part VII: clinical applications - abdomen; clinical applications - breast; clinical applications - dermatology; clinical applications - fetal imaging; clinical applications - lung; clinical applications - neuroimaging - brain development; clinical applications - neuroimaging - DWI and tractography; clinical applications - neuroimaging - functional brain networks; clinical applications - neuroimaging - others; and clinical applications - oncology Part VIII: clinical applications - ophthalmology; computational (integrative) pathology; modalities - microscopy; modalities - histopathology; and modalities - ultrasound *The conference was held virtually.

The eight-volume set LNCS 12901, 12902, 12903, 12904, 12905, 12906, 12907, and 12908 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021, held in Strasbourg, France, in September/October 2021.*The 531 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1630 submissions in a double-blind review process. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: image segmentation Part II: machine learning - self-supervised learning; machine learning - semi-supervised learning; and machine learning - weakly supervised learning Part III: machine learning - advances in machine learning theory; machine learning - attention models; machine learning - domain adaptation; machine learning - federated learning; machine learning - interpretability / explainability; and machine learning - uncertainty Part IV: image registration; image-guided interventions and surgery; surgical data science; surgical planning and simulation; surgical skill and work flow analysis; and surgical visualization and mixed, augmented and virtual reality Part V: computer aided diagnosis; integration of imaging with non-imaging biomarkers; and outcome/disease prediction Part VI: image reconstruction; clinical applications - cardiac; and clinical applications - vascular Part VII: clinical applications - abdomen; clinical applications - breast; clinical applications - dermatology; clinical applications - fetal imaging; clinical applications - lung; clinical applications - neuroimaging - brain development; clinical applications - neuroimaging - DWI and tractography; clinical applications - neuroimaging - functional brain networks; clinical applications - neuroimaging - others; and clinical applications - oncology Part VIII: clinical applications - ophthalmology; computational (integrative) pathology; modalities - microscopy; modalities - histopathology; and modalities - ultrasound *The conference was held virtually.