Combining a professional development course on diagnostic endoscopy from SPIE (the international society advancing light-based research) and the authorsa (TM) graduate course on biomedical optics, this work is written for researchers in medical optics and biomedical engineering as well as graduate medical optics students. It uses extensive examples/case studiesto familiarize readers with the the basics of endoscopic optics, the pros and cons of white light endoscopy and fluorescence endoscopy for diagnostic applications, and various microscopic endoscopy imaging modalities.It covers basic optics, details of design and biomedical uses, as well as microscopic endoscopy, and endoscopic spectroscopy.

Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing. VIPIMAGE 2013 contains invited lectures and full papers presented at VIPIMAGE 2013 - IV ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing (Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, 14-16 October 2013). International contributions from 16 countries provide a comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in the fields of: 3D Vision; Computational Bioimaging and Visualization; Computational Vision and Image Processing applied to Dental Medicine; Computational Vision; Computer Aided Diagnosis, Surgery, Therapy, and Treatment; Data Interpolation, Registration, Acquisition and Compression; Image Processing and Analysis; Image Segmentation; Imaging of Biological Flows; Medical Imaging; Physics of Medical Imaging; Shape Reconstruction; Signal Processing; Simulation and Modeling; Software Development for Image Processing and Analysis; Telemedicine Systems and their Applications; Trabecular Bone Characterization; Tracking and Analysis of Movement; Virtual Reality. Related techniques covered in this book include the level set method, finite element method, modal analyses, stochastic methods, principal and independent components analysis and distribution models. Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing. VIPIMAGE 2013 is useful to academics, researchers and professionals in Biomechanics, Biomedical Engineering, Computational Vision (image processing and analysis), Computer Sciences, Computational Mechanics and Medicine.

Radiation safety and risk management, a critical issue in the nuclear age, is an ongoing concern in the field of radiation health risk sciences. It is the particular mission and task of the Nagasaki University Global COE program to explore human health risks from radiation on a global scale and to come up with measures for overcoming its negative legacies. Ionizing radiation is a well-documented human cancer risk factor, and long-term health consequences in individuals exposed at a young age to such events as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombing are now being followed up. Unique and comprehensive, this book introduces updated radiation health-related issues, including the proper collection and analysis of biological samples, cancer research, psychological effects, fair disclosure, and the effects of low-dose exposure as they apply to future public health policy. Also addressed is the need for emergency radiation medicine in case of accidents.

Adaptive Optics for Biological Imaging brings together groundbreaking research on the use of adaptive optics for biological imaging. The book builds on prior work in astronomy and vision science. Featuring contributions by leaders in this emerging field, it takes an interdisciplinary approach that makes the subject accessible to nonspecialists who want to use adaptive optics techniques in their own work in biology and bioengineering. Organized into three parts, the book covers principles, methods, and applications of adaptive optics for biological imaging, providing the reader with the following benefits: Gives a general overview of applied optics, including definitions and vocabulary, to lay a foundation for clearer communication across disciplines Explains what kinds of optical aberrations arise in imaging through various biological tissues, and what technology can be used to correct for these aberrations Explores research done with a variety of biological samples and imaging instruments, including wide-field, confocal, and two-photon microscopes Discusses both indirect wavefront sensing, which uses an iterative approach, and direct wavefront sensing, which uses a parallel approach Since the sample is an integral part of the optical system in biological imaging, the field will benefit from participation by biologists and biomedical researchers with expertise in applied optics. This book helps lower the barriers to entry for these researchers. It also guides readers in selecting the approach that works best for their own applications.

The field of thermal therapy has been growing tenaciously in the last few decades. The application of heat to living tissues, from mild hyperthermia to high-temperature thermal ablation, has produced a host of well-documented genetic, cellular, and physiological responses that are being researched intensely for medical applications, particularly for treatment of solid cancerous tumors using image guidance. The controlled application of thermal energy to living tissues has proven a great challenge, requiring expertise from multiple disciplines, thereby leading to the development of many sophisticated pre-clinical and clinical devices and treatment techniques. Physics of Thermal Therapy: Fundamentals and Clinical Applications captures the breadth and depth of this highly multidisciplinary field.

Focusing on applications in cancer treatment, this book covers basic principles, practical aspects, and clinical applications of thermal therapy. An overview of the fundamentals shows how use of controlled heat in medicine and biology involves electromagnetics, acoustics, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and imaging sciences. The book discusses challenges in the use of thermal energy on living tissues and explores the genetic, cellular, and physiological responses that can be employed in the fight against cancer from the physics and engineering perspectives. It also highlights recent advances, including the treatment of solid tumors using image-guided thermal therapy, microbubbles, nanoparticles, and other cutting-edge techniques.

Endomicroscopy is a newly developed diagnostic tool which enables in vivo microscopy with subcellular resolution during ongoing endoscopy in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Thus, endomicroscopy is a revolutionary technology because it provides the endoscopists for the first time with information about living cells in humans. Endoscopy and pathology are no longer separate subjects and thus endomicroscopy leads to a close interaction between endoscopist and pathologist. This Atlas of Endomicroscopy is the first book dealing with the new insights of endomicroscopy and provides you an overview about the development, the requirements, the technique, current indications and further possibilities of endomicroscopy.

Computational Modelling of Objects Represented in Images: Fundamentals, Methods and Applications III contains all contributions presented at the International Symposium CompIMAGE 2012 - Computational Modelling of Object Presented in Images: Fundamentals, Methods and Applications (Rome, Italy, 5-7 September 2012). The contributions cover the state-of-art and new trends in the fields of: - 3D Vision; - Biometric Recognition; - Computational Bioimaging and Visualization; - Computer Vision in Robotics and Automation; - Data Acquisition, Interpolation, Registration and Compression; - Image Enhancement and Restoring; - Image Processing and Analysis; - Image Segmentation; - Medical Imaging; - Modeling and Simulation; - Motion and Deformation Analysis; - Remote Sensing; - Scientific Visualization Computational Modelling of Objects Represented in Images: Fundamentals, Methods and Applications III addresses different techniques, such as optimization methods, geometry, finite element method, principal component analysis, stochastic methods, neural networks and fuzzy logic. The book is useful to researchers and students with multidisciplinary interests related to Computational Vision, Computational Mechanics, Medicine, Engineering and Architecture.

Advanced image processing and mathematical modeling techniques are increasingly being used for the early diagnosis of eye diseases. A comprehensive review of the field, Human Eye Imaging and Modeling details the latest advances and analytical techniques in ocular imaging and modeling. The first part of the book looks at imaging of the fundus as well as infrared imaging. It begins by exploring developments in the analysis of fundus images, particularly for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. It also reviews anterior segment imaging and reports on developments in ocular thermography, especially the use of thermal imaging as the basis of tear evaporimetry and dry eye diagnosis. The second part of the book delves into mathematical modeling of the human eye. Coverage includes modeling of the eye during retinal laser surgery, a framework for optical simulation, heat distribution using a 3D web-splines solution, and exposure to laser radiation. The text also examines computer simulation of the human eye based on principles of heat transfer, as well as various bioheat equations to predict interior temperatures based on the surface temperature. Featuring contributions by established experts in eye imaging, this is a valuable reference for medical personnel and researchers who want to know more about state-of-the-art computer-based imaging and detection methods. It presents novel imaging and modeling algorithms that can aid in early diagnosis, with the aim of enriching the lives of people suffering from eye abnormalities.

Targeted Molecular Imaging covers the development of novel diagnostic approaches that use an imaging probe and agent to noninvasively visualize cellular processes in normal and disease states. It discusses the concept, development, preclinical studies, and, in many cases, translation to the clinic of targeted imaging agents.

The many case studies that form the core of this book deal with the development and translation of non-nuclear probes and radiotracers; other sections address critical topics such as In vitro studies, small animal research, and the application of targeted probes for nuclear, optical and MRI imaging. The chapters use a common format to demonstrate how various investigators approach the comprehensive task of validating a new targeted probe.

Targeted Molecular Imaging is a timely resource for a rapidly advancing field, and addresses:

• Various methods of validating a new targeted probe through examples from human studies with imaging of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases
• Basic principles, disease models, imaging studies in animals, imaging in initial human studies, and the application of molecular imaging in pharmacy and drug discovery
• In vitro studies, small animal studies, and targeted radiopharmaceuticals

Using these case studies, investigators can generalize and apply the information to their own specific targeted probe. The insights provided by the contributors, experts who have developed these approaches in their own groups, help guide scientists planning to translate imaging agents from the concept stage to clinical application.

This unique and comprehensive atlas by an expert practioner provides an innovative pictorial guide to flexible bronchoscopy, one of the most exciting and challenging procedures in respiratory medicine today. Includes the very latest procedures and techniques Comprehensive coverage, guides you through the range of anatomical and pathological possibilities A step-by-step guide to the use of bronchoscopic techniques, interpretation of images and differential diagnoses Integrates naked eye, bronchoscopic and radiological anatomy to give you a thorough understanding of the procedure Numerous full colour illustrations and sound practical advice make this a key text for learning and refining your technique The book will be invaluable to those training in respiratory medicine, plus also specialist respiratory nurses and practising pulmonologists who wish to expand their practice and knowledge of the technique.

This book contains invited lecturers and full papers presented at VIPIMAGE 2011 - III ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing (Olhao, Algarve, Portugal, 12-14 October 2011). International contributions from 16 countries provide a comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in: Image Processing and Analysis; Tracking and Analyze Objects in Images; Segmentation of Objects in Images; 3D Vision; Signal Processing; Data Interpolation, Registration, Acquisition and Compression; Objects Simulation; Medical Imaging; Virtual Reality; Software Development for Image Processing and Analysis; Computer Aided Diagnosis, Surgery, Therapy and Treatment; Computational Bioimaging and Visualization; Telemedicine Systems and their Applications. Related techniques also covered in this book include the level set method, finite element method, modal analyses, stochastic methods, principal and independent components analyses and distribution models. Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing - VIPIMAGE 2011 will be useful to academics, researchers and professionals in Computational Vision (Image Processing and Analysis), Computer Sciences, Computational Mechanics and Medicine.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis can improve the effectiveness of treatment and increase a patient's chances of survival. Thus, there is an urgent need for new technology to diagnose small, malignant lung nodules early as well as large nodules located away from large diameter airways because the current technology-namely, needle biopsy and bronchoscopy-fail to diagnose those cases. However, the analysis of small, indeterminate lung masses is fraught with many technical difficulties. Often patients must be followed for years with serial CT scans in order to establish a diagnosis, but inter-scan variability, slice selection artifacts, differences in degree of inspiration, and scan angles can make comparing serial scans unreliable. Lung Imaging and Computer Aided Diagnosis brings together researchers in pulmonary image analysis to present state-of-the-art image processing techniques for detecting and diagnosing lung cancer at an early stage. The book addresses variables and discrepancies in scans and proposes ways of evaluating small lung masses more consistently to allow for more accurate measurement of growth rates and analysis of shape and appearance of the detected lung nodules. Dealing with all aspects of image analysis of the data, this book examines: Lung segmentation Nodule segmentation Vessels segmentation Airways segmentation Lung registration Detection of lung nodules Diagnosis of detected lung nodules Shape and appearance analysis of lung nodules Contributors also explore the effective use of these methodologies for diagnosis and therapy in clinical applications. Arguably the first book of its kind to address and evaluate image-based diagnostic approaches for the early diagnosis of lung cancer, Lung Imaging and Computer Aided Diagnosis constitutes a valuable resource for biomedical engineers, researchers, and clinicians in lung disease imaging.

Analysis of medical data using engineering tools is a rapidly growing area, both in research and in industry, yet few texts exist that address the problem from an interdisciplinary perspective. Epileptic Seizures and the EEG: Measurement, Models, Detection and Prediction brings together biology and engineering practices and identifies the aspects of the field that are most important to the analysis of epilepsy. Analysis of EEG records The book begins by summarizing the physiology and the fundamental ideas behind the measurement, analysis and modeling of the epileptic brain. It introduces the EEG as a measured signal and explains its use in the study of epilepsy. Next, it provides an explanation of the type of brain activity likely to register in EEG measurements, offering quantitative analysis of the populations of neurons that contribute to both scalp and cortical EEG and discussing the limitations and effects that choices made in the recording process have on the data. The book provides an overview of how these EEG records are and have been analyzed in the past, concentrating on the mathematics relevant to the problem of classification of EEG. The authors use these extracted features to differentiate between or classify inter-seizure, pre-seizure and seizure EEG. The challenge of seizure prediction The book focuses on the problem of seizure detection and surveys the physiologically based dynamic models of brain activity. Finally, the book addresses the fundamental question: can seizures be predicted? Through analysis of epileptic activity spanning from 3 hours to 25 years, it is proposed that seizures may be predictable, but the amount of data required is greater than previously thought. Based on the authors' extensive research, the book concludes by exploring a range of future possibilities in seizure prediction.

Forensic imaging with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and other cross-sectional imaging modalities is a rapidly evolving field. Understanding the pathological basis of disease and death is fundamental to the interpretation of radiologic images. Forming a bridge between these distinct disciplines, Essentials of Forensic Imaging: A Text-Atlas brings the long tradition of radiologic pathologic correlation to forensic radiology and autopsy. Providing readers with a technical and interpretive foundation for applying modern cross-sectional imaging to forensic autopsy, the book integrates more than 300 color autopsy photographs with postmortem MDCT and radiography in a topical format. Organized by cause of death, the rich pictorial display of case material that accompanies the text establishes a contextual understanding. Readers can learn the diagnostic value of imaging applied to forensic autopsy by correlating specific causes of death with their respective forensic and radiologic principles. Causes of death covered in this practical volume include: * Gunshot wounds * Blunt force injury * Fire and burn injury * Blast injury * Drowning and other deaths in water * Suicide * Natural causes * Asphyxia * Electrocution As forensic imaging becomes more advanced, the possibilities for its use in autopsy continue to grow, as do the opportunities for application in related areas. In the final chapter, these expert authors also discuss the use of MDCT in the assessment of medical intervention, exhumation and second autopsy, and anthropology.

A host of imaging techniques are available to clinical cardiologists, including nuclear imaging, echocardiography, computerized tomography, and magnetic-resonance imaging. Chamber size, ventricular function, valvular function, coronary anatomy, and myocardial perfusion are among a wide array of cardiac characteristics that can all be assessed noninvasively. Cardiovascular Imaging systematically reviews each of these major techniques and provides clinical data from well-designed research studies. Following a brief overview of non-invasive cardiac imaging and the stress modalities used to detect coronary disease, case-based chapters are devoted to each of the various imaging techniques. The final chapter provides a glimpse of future possibilities, particularly with respect to molecular imaging. The text is illustrated throughout with amply-sized images. Demonstrating the values and limitations of the imaging techniques, the book enables practitioners to determine which test, in which patient population, and for which purpose would be the most appropriate to use.

The ability to manipulate and analyze pictorial information to improve medical diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy via imaging is a valuable tool that every professional working in radiography, medical imaging, and medical physics should utilize. However, previous texts on the subject have only approached the subject from a programming or computer science viewpoint at a mathematically inaccessible level. Unlike these previous publications, A Practical Approach to Medical Imaging Processing provides hands-on instruction, using the freely available software program ImageJ, on all of the skills needed to perform filtering and image enhancement techniques used in structured image discrimination. In this unique text, the author focuses exclusively on image processing and treats medical images in a generic way to highlight the features that all digital images have in common. The book first introduces the main topics in image processing and as it progresses, you will discover relevant points of good practice. The author validates each technique with a corresponding case study, which originates from a published journal article. The case studies demonstrate how the concepts of image processing are applied to real-life situations, such as how to uncover information suffering from distortion and pixel-size limitations. The accompanying downloadable resources contain the Windows version of the ImageJ software, digital images, and documents to be used during the practical activities included in each chapter. With its highly functional workbook approach, A Practical Approach to Medical Image Processing allows you to build your skills in image manipulation and to enjoy the benefits of this valuable field without having to code or develop your own program.

This text discusses the basic aspects of multislice CT angiography with chapters on technical principles, basic scan technique for peripheral vascular imaging with multislice CT, image reconstruction with multislice CT, radiation doses, and contrast agent administration. Clinical applications for each major vascular territory are covered in-depth, with clear descriptions of the examination technique for assessing the peripheral vasculature including the aorta to detect various vascular pathologies. The section on MR angiography provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of magnetic resonance (MR) vascular imaging. The basic principles and technical features of MR angiography are outlined, with chapters on fundamentals of MR angiography and commonly used pulse sequences and contrast dosing. Specific chapters focus on each particular vascular territory including the extracranial and intracranial circulation, the pulmonary circulation, the thoracic and the abdominal aorta, the renal, and mesenteric circulation and both the lower and the upper extremity circulation. Easy to follow clinical protocols for angiographic imaging for the different vascular regions are provided. The text also addresses imaging of the venous circulation using MR and CT angiography.

Focusing on anatomy and procedural strategy for atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, this atlas uses pictures and schematic diagrams to show how to use intracardiac echo (ICE) to assess anatomy, guide ablation, and prevent complications during interventional procedures, pulmonary vein stenosis, and embolic events. The authors review the state of the art and background support in the use of ICE in interventional electrophysiology procedures and the anatomy of both the atrial and ventricular chambers. They discuss innovative indications in the EP laboratory, future technologies such as 3-D echocardiography, and the integration of ICE with other types of imaging technology.

Formulated by members of the International Scientific Committee of Radionuclides in Nephro-urology (ISCORN), Functional Imaging in Nephro-urology is not a textbook on uronephrology or radionuclides in nephro-urology, or even a book on new techniques in imaging. What the editor and authors provide here is a unique opportunity to evaluate the strategic management techniques (both diagnosis and follow-up) of a number of uronephrological entities.
Demonstrating the experience of the authors in using various imaging modalities, and detailing the benefits and controversies which are associated with their clinical applications, this text presents management strategies based on the patient, the choice of modality, and cost implications.
Detailed, well-referenced and highly illustrated, this is an important book for radiologists, nephrologists and urologists working with children and adults, specialists in renal nuclear medicine, and pediatricians.

Intracardiac Echocardiography is the first echocardiographic textbook of its kind to specifically cover ICE. Discussing all aspects of intracardiac ultrasound, it allows readers to perfect ICE image acquisition and helps to guide interpretation of this information during interventional and electrophysiologic procedures.

Unique and informative, the text explores:

• introductory echo physics
• currently available intracardiac ultrasound systems
• basic image acquisition
• the role of ICE in both the interventional and electrophysiology laboratory, as well as in the diagnostic setting.

Featuring expert commentary by leaders in the field, the book also includes high quality echocardiographic images illustrating how ICE is used in a wide variety of procedures such as transseptal catheterization, PFO and ASD closure, atrial fibrillation ablation procedures, and many others.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.

In the past, for the most part, people who moved into management positions in medical imaging were chosen because they were the best technologists. However, the skill set for technologists and supervisors/managers are vastly different. Even an MBA-educated person may not be ready to take on imaging management. As an example, when buying a very expensive piece of imaging equipment, this person would not necessarily know the right questions to ask, such as: What is my guaranteed uptime? Is technologist training included? Introduction to Medical Imaging Management is a comprehensive reference for medical imaging managers learning through a combination of education and experience. This thorough book provides an in-depth overview of every major facet pertaining to the knowledge and skills necessary to become a department or imaging center supervisor or manager. The text follows a natural progression from transitioning into a management position and dealing with former peers through the most sophisticated skills uniquely applicable to medical imaging management. Covering all aspects of the profession-operations, human resources, finance, and marketing-this reference is a must-have for any potential, new, or less experienced imaging manager.