This volume presents readers with the latest techniques to study nanoimaging and nanoprobing in application to a broad range of biological systems. The chapters in this book are divided into five parts, and cover topics such as imaging and probing of biomacromolecules including high-speed imaging and probing with AFM; probing chromatin structure with magnetic tweezers; and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on genomic DNA in living cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and through, Nanoscale Imaging: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning more about this developing and expanding field.

Develop a working knowledge of radiologic science as it applies to producing diagnostic-quality images - and prepare for the Veterinary Technology National Exam (VTNE) - with Lavin's Radiography for Veterinary Technicians, 7th Edition! Written in a way that is easy to follow and understand, all aspects of imaging, including production, positioning, and evaluation of radiographs, are covered in this comprehensive text. All chapters have been thoroughly reviewed, revised, and updated with vivid color equipment photos, positioning drawings, and detailed anatomy drawings. From foundational concepts to the latest in diagnostic imaging, this text is a valuable resource for students, technicians, and veterinarians alike! Comprehensive content explores the physics of radiography, the equipment, the origin of film artifacts, and positioning and restraint of small, large, avian, and exotic animals. More than 1,000 full-color photos and updated radiographic images visually demonstrate the relationship between anatomy and positioning. UNIQUE! Coverage of non-manual restraint techniques, including sandbags, tape, rope, sponges, sedation, and combinations, improve safety and enhance radiation protection. Emphasis on digital imaging, including quality factors and post-processing, keeps you up to date on the most recent developments in digital technology. UNIQUE! Dental radiography chapter covers equipment types (film, digital, and computed radiography), safety, positioning, and reading the image for the dog and cat to address the needs of both general and specialty veterinary technicians. Broad coverage of radiologic science, physics, imaging, and protection provides you with the foundation needed to develop good imaging practices and techniques. NEW! Coverage of the latest protocols ensures all-inclusive coverage.

A complete and practical guide, this text describes how to produce high-quality radiographic and ultrasound images. The first half of the book covers equipment, safety, and technique - all major responsibilities of the veterinary technician. The second half details radiographic positioning for small animals, large animals, and exotics. Reflecting the major role of ultrasonography in veterinary practice, the book concludes with an expanded chapter on diagnostic ultrasound. Practical, concise clinical format Written at the appropriate reading level for technicians Abundant illustrations emphasize basic radiographic and ultrasonographic principles, techniques, and equipment used in veterinary practice Concise and understandable discussion of physics and radiography Examples of common artifacts show how to avoid misinterpretation of imaging studies Excellent coverage of radiation safety Practical technique charts Excellent coverage of small- and large-animal positioning Exotics chapter featuring rodents (including ferrets), reptiles, and birds Ultrasound chapter that includes normal ultrasonographic findings, along with corresponding images Helpful hints given for obtaining quality images and avoiding common pitfalls reflect the authors' experiences at a busy teaching institution New cardiac ultrasound scanning techniques with 20 new ultrasound images New images of the latest x-ray equipment Updated pedagogical features, including outlines, key points, chapter objectives, and helpful hints for veterinary technicians

Over the past 15 years, there has been a growing need in the medical image computing community for principled methods to process nonlinear geometric data. Riemannian geometry has emerged as one of the most powerful mathematical and computational frameworks for analyzing such data. Riemannian Geometric Statistics in Medical Image Analysis is a complete reference on statistics on Riemannian manifolds and more general nonlinear spaces with applications in medical image analysis. It provides an introduction to the core methodology followed by a presentation of state-of-the-art methods. Beyond medical image computing, the methods described in this book may also apply to other domains such as signal processing, computer vision, geometric deep learning, and other domains where statistics on geometric features appear. As such, the presented core methodology takes its place in the field of geometric statistics, the statistical analysis of data being elements of nonlinear geometric spaces. The foundational material and the advanced techniques presented in the later parts of the book can be useful in domains outside medical imaging and present important applications of geometric statistics methodology Content includes: The foundations of Riemannian geometric methods for statistics on manifolds with emphasis on concepts rather than on proofs Applications of statistics on manifolds and shape spaces in medical image computing Diffeomorphic deformations and their applications As the methods described apply to domains such as signal processing (radar signal processing and brain computer interaction), computer vision (object and face recognition), and other domains where statistics of geometric features appear, this book is suitable for researchers and graduate students in medical imaging, engineering and computer science.

Bioimaging is a sophisticated non-invasive and non-destructive technique for direct visualization of biological processes. Highly luminescent quantum dots combined with magnetic nanoparticles or ions form an exciting class of new materials for bioimaging. These materials can be prepared in cost-effective ways and show unique optical behaviours. Magnetic Quantum Dots for Bioimaging explores leading research in the fabrication, characterization, properties, and application of magnetic quantum dots in bioimaging. * Covers synthesis, properties, and bioimaging techniques. * Discusses modern manufacturing technologies and purification of magnetic quantum dots. * Explores thoroughly the properties and extent of magnetization to various imaging techniques. * Describes the biocompatibility, suitability, and toxic effects of magnetic quantum dots. * Reviews recent innovations, applications, opportunities, and future directions in magnetic quantum dots and their surface decorated nanomaterials. This comprehensive reference offers a roadmap of the use of these innovative materials for researchers, academics, technologists, and advanced students working in materials engineering and sensor technology.

Diagnostic radiology plays a vital role in patient management and all clinicians need to be able to recognize the radiological appearances of many medical conditions. Not only are traditional imaging techniques important, but newer techniques such as interventional radiology, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, and ultrasound are increasingly important to clinical practice. The interpretation of radiological images is also an integral part of professional examinations within general surgery. This book covers all modalities in radiology, providing a guide to the principles of plain radiographic film interpretation and an understanding of the roles and limitations of more complex imaging across general surgery. The use of contrast agents, radiation dosage, and guidance on the interpretation of some imaging modalities such as the chest and abdominal radiograph, intravenous urogram, and barium studies are included. The material is presented through the discussion of 101 fully illustrated cases which take a question and full answer format. Aimed primarily at surgical trainees facing the MRCS examinations, this book will also be of value to radiology trainees, junior doctors, senior medical students, and established clinicians that wish to refresh their knowledge in radiology.

Machine Learning in Bio-Signal Analysis and Diagnostic Imaging presents original research on the advanced analysis and classification techniques of biomedical signals and images that cover both supervised and unsupervised machine learning models, standards, algorithms, and their applications, along with the difficulties and challenges faced by healthcare professionals in analyzing biomedical signals and diagnostic images. These intelligent recommender systems are designed based on machine learning, soft computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence and data mining techniques. Classification and clustering techniques, such as PCA, SVM, techniques, Naive Bayes, Neural Network, Decision trees, and Association Rule Mining are among the approaches presented. The design of high accuracy decision support systems assists and eases the job of healthcare practitioners and suits a variety of applications. Integrating Machine Learning (ML) technology with human visual psychometrics helps to meet the demands of radiologists in improving the efficiency and quality of diagnosis in dealing with unique and complex diseases in real time by reducing human errors and allowing fast and rigorous analysis. The book's target audience includes professors and students in biomedical engineering and medical schools, researchers and engineers.

With a focus on the basic imaging principles of breast MRI rather than on mathematical equations, this book takes a practical approach to imaging protocols, which helps radiologists increase their diagnostic effectiveness. It walks the reader through the basics of MRI, making it especially accessible to beginners. From a detailed outline of equipment prerequisites for obtaining high quality breast MRI to instructions on how to optimize image quality, expanded discussions on how to obtain optimized dynamic information, and explanations of good and bad imaging techniques, the book covers the topics that are most relevant to performing breast MRI.

Stereology is a valuable tool for neuroscientists, allowing them to obtain 3-Dimensional information from 2-Dimensional measurements made on appropriately sampled sections (usually obtained from histological sections or MRI/CT/PET scans). This 3-D information is invaluable in correlating
structural/functional relationships in the pursuit of far greater understanding of the function of the central nervous system. However, in carrying out such measurements, often based on limited data sets, there is a risk of experimenter bias. An important feature of modern design based stereology is
to be aware of potential sources of bias and eliminate them during the data collection. With many of the major neuroscience journals now insisting that quantitative data be presented, there is a greater need than ever for neuroscientists to understand the theory and practice behind quantitative
methods, such as those offered by stereology. Quantitive Methods in Neuroscience is a cookbook of stereological methods written especially for neuroscientists. It provides clear and accessible advice about when and when not to use stereology. Throughout the book, the emphasis is on practical
guidance, rather than discussions and formulae. Written by leading scientists in the field of stereology, with a Foreword by D.C. Sterio, the book will be a valuable introduction to these methods for neuroscientists, and all those involved in development of new drug programmes.

The purpose and subject of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of all types of phantoms used in medical imaging, therapy, nuclear medicine and health physics. For ionizing radiation, dosimetry with respect to issues of material composition, shape, and motion/position effects are all highlighted. For medical imaging, each type of technology will need specific materials and designs, and the physics and indications will be explored for each type. Health physics phantoms are concerned with some of the same issues such as material heterogeneity, but also unique issues such as organ-specific radiation dose from sources distributed in other organs. Readers will be able to use this book to select the appropriate phantom from a vendor at a clinic, to learn from as a student, to choose materials for custom phantom design, to design dynamic features, and as a reference for a variety of applications. Some of the information enclosed is found in other sources, divided especially along the three categories of imaging, therapy, and health physics. To our knowledge, even though professionally, many medical physicists need to bridge the three catagories described above.

Imaging in Movement Disorders: Imaging in Movement Disorder Dementias and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, Volume 144 provides an up-to-date textbook on the use of imaging modalities across the spectrum of movement disorders and dementias. The book brings together lessons learned from neuroimaging tools in the content of movement disorders, including chapters on Molecular Imaging of Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Network Imaging in Parkinsonian and Other Movement Disorders: Network Dysfunction and Clinical Correlates, Neuroimaging of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, Hybrid PET-MRI Applications in Movement Disorders, and more.

This book presents different approaches on multi-modality imaging with a focus on biomedical applications. Medical imaging can be divided into two categories: functional (related to physiological body measurements) and anatomical (structural) imaging modalities. In particular, this book covers imaging combinations coming from the usual popular modalities (such as the anatomical modalities, e.g. X-ray, CT and MRI), and it also includes some promising and new imaging modalities that are still being developed and improved (such as infrared thermography (IRT) and photoplethysmography imaging (PPGI)), implying potential approaches for innovative biomedical applications. Moreover, this book includes a variety of tools on computer vision, imaging processing, and computer graphics, which led to the generation and visualization of 3D models, making the most recent advances in this area possible. This is an ideal book for students and biomedical engineering researchers covering the biomedical imaging field.

Basic Guide to Dental Radiography provides an essential introduction to radiography in the dental practice. Illustrated throughout, this guide outlines and explains each topic in a clear and accessible style. * Comprehensive coverage includes general physics, principles of image formation, digital image recording, equipment, biological effects of x-rays and legislation * Suitable for the whole dental team * Illustrated in full colour throughout * Ideal for those completing mandatory CPD in radiography * Useful study guide for the NEBDN Certificate in Dental Radiography, the National Certificate in Radiography or the Level 3 Diploma in Dental Nursing

Continuing the research of the best-selling first edition, this second edition collects three more years of research in the ever-expanding study of the cell membrane. It covers the latest developments in the "traditional" patch techniques. This authoritative second edition updates the standard techniques while introducing three brand new, cutting-edge technical advances in the field.

Thorough and timely, this edition is an invaluable resource.

Synchrotron radiation has been a revolutionary and invaluable research tool for a wide range of scientists, including chemists, biologists, physicists, materials scientists, geophysicists. It has also found multidisciplinary applications with problems ranging from archeology through cultural heritage to paleontology. The subject of this book is x-ray spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation, and the target audience is both current and potential users of synchrotron facilities. The first half of the book introduces readers to the fundamentals of storage ring operations, the qualities of the synchrotron radiation produced, the x-ray optics required to transport this radiation, and the detectors used for measurements. The second half of the book describes the important spectroscopic techniques that use synchrotron x-rays, including chapters on x-ray absorption, x-ray fluorescence, resonant and non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, nuclear spectroscopies, and x-ray photoemission. A final chapter surveys the exciting developments of free electron laser sources, which promise a second revolution in x-ray science. Thanks to the detailed descriptions in the book, prospective users will be able to quickly begin working with these techniques. Experienced users will find useful summaries, key equations, and exhaustive references to key papers in the field, as well as outlines of the historical developments in the field. Along with plentiful illustrations, this work includes access to supplemental Mathematica notebooks, which can be used for some of the more complex calculations and as a teaching aid. This book should appeal to graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and senior scientists alike.

The rise in living standards increases the expectation of people in almost every field. At the forefront is health. Over the past few centuries, there have been major developments in healthcare. Medical device technology and developments in artificial intelligence (AI) are among the most important ones. The improving technology and our ability to harness the technology effectively by means such as AI have led to unprecedented advances, resulting in early diagnosis of diseases. AI algorithms enable the fast and early evaluation of images from medical devices to maximize the benefits. While developments in the field of AI were quickly adapted to the field of health, in some cases this contributed to the formation of innovative artificial intelligence algorithms. Today, the most effective artificial intelligence method is accepted as deep learning. Convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures are deep learning algorithms used for image processing. This book contains applications of CNN methods. The content is quite extensive, including the application of different CNN methods to various medical image processing problems. Readers will be able to analyze the effects of CNN methods presented in the book in medical applications.

Automatic detection and segmentation of anatomical structures in medical images are prerequisites to subsequent image measurements and disease quantification, and therefore have multiple clinical applications. This book presents an efficient object detection and segmentation framework, called Marginal Space Learning, which runs at a sub-second speed on a current desktop computer, faster than the state-of-the-art. Trained with a sufficient number of data sets, Marginal Space Learning is also robust under imaging artifacts, noise and anatomical variations. The book showcases 35 clinical applications of Marginal Space Learning and its extensions to detecting and segmenting various anatomical structures, such as the heart, liver, lymph nodes and prostate in major medical imaging modalities (CT, MRI, X-Ray and Ultrasound), demonstrating its efficiency and robustness.

This is an introduction to recent developments in the application of wave-splitting methods to direct and inverse scattering of wave fields. Here wave-splitting refers to the decomposition of the total field into two components which propagate in opposite directions. Although the text emphasizes time domain methods, it includes some applications to frequency domain problems.

Ultrasound imaging technology has experienced a dramatic change in the last 30 years. Because of its non-invasive nature and continuing improvements in image quality, ultrasound imaging is progressively achieving an important role in the assessment and characterization of cardiovascular imaging. Speckle is inherent in ultrasound imaging giving rise to a granular appearance instead of homogeneous, flat shades of gray, as is visible and as such, speckle can severely compromise interpretation of ultrasound images, particularly in discrimination of small structures. On the other hand, speckle can be used in the detection of time varying phenomena, or tracking tissue motion. The objective of this book is to provide a reference edited volume covering the whole spectrum of speckle phenomena, theoretical background and modelling, algorithms and selected applications in cardiovascular ultrasound imaging and video processing and analysis. The book is organized under the following four parts, Part I: Introduction to Speckle Noise; Part II: Speckle Filtering; Part III: Speckle Tracking; Part IV: Selected Applications in Cardiovascular Imaging.

This text emphasizes the importance of artificial intelligence techniques in the field of biological computation. It also discusses fundamental principles that can be applied beyond bio-inspired computing. It comprehensively covers important topics including data integration, data mining, machine learning, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computation, evolved neural networks, nature-inspired algorithms, and protein structure alignment. The text covers the application of evolutionary computations for fractal visualization of sequence data, artificial intelligence, and automatic image interpretation in modern biological systems. The text is primarily written for graduate students and academic researchers in areas of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, computer engineering, and computational biology. This book: * Covers algorithms in the fields of artificial intelligence, and machine learning useful in biological data analysis. * Discusses comprehensively artificial intelligence and automatic image interpretation in modern biological systems. * Presents the application of evolutionary computations for fractal visualization of sequence data. * Explores the use of genetic algorithms for pair-wise and multiple sequence alignments. * Examines the roles of efficient computational techniques in biology.

Deep learning is providing exciting solutions for medical image analysis problems and is seen as a key method for future applications. This book gives a clear understanding of the principles and methods of neural network and deep learning concepts, showing how the algorithms that integrate deep learning as a core component have been applied to medical image detection, segmentation and registration, and computer-aided analysis, using a wide variety of application areas. Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis is a great learning resource for academic and industry researchers in medical imaging analysis, and for graduate students taking courses on machine learning and deep learning for computer vision and medical image computing and analysis.

"Molecular Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications" is a comprehensive monograph which describes not only the theory of the underlying algorithms and key technologies but also introduces a prototype system and its applications, bringing together theory, technology and applications. By explaining the basic concepts and principles of molecular imaging, imaging techniques, as well as research and applications in detail, the book provides both detailed theoretical background information and technical methods for researchers working in medical imaging and the life sciences. Clinical doctors and graduate students will also benefit from this book. Jie Tian is a professor at the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Focal therapy is a promising option for selected patients who have localized low or intermediate-risk prostate cancer, providing a compelling alternative between active surveillance and radical therapies by targeting the index lesion and preserving as much tissue as possible. Numerous cohort studies have already investigated multiple focal techniques, such as cryotherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, irreversible electroporation and cyberknife methods, all of which have demonstrated positive oncological outcomes with 70 to 90 % negative follow-up biopsy. These various ablative techniques have produced only minor side-effects concerning urinary function, a low rate of erectile dysfunction, and have demonstrated a limited rectal toxicity. As a result, the primary end-point has now shifted and a new strategy needs to be established for patient follow-up and for defining treatment failure. Written by international experts in the field, this book is mainly focused on new techniques, all of which are amply illustrated. Technical Aspects of Focal Therapy in Localized Prostate Cancer will be of great practical value to all urologists and oncologists.