With cancer-related deaths projected to rise to 10.3 million people by 2020, the need to prevent, diagnose, and cure cancer is greater than ever. This book presents readers with the most up-to-date imaging instrumentation, general and diagnostic applications for various cancers, with an emphasis on lung and breast carcinomas--the two major worldwide malignancy types. This book discusses the various imaging techniques used to locate and diagnose tumors, including ultrasound, X-ray, color Doppler sonography, PET, CT, PET/CT, MRI, SPECT, diffusion tensor imaging, dynamic infrared imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It also details strategies for imaging cancer, emphasizing the importance of the use of this technology for clinical diagnosis. Imaging techniques that predict the malignant potential of cancers, response to chemotherapy and other treatments, recurrence, and prognosis are also detailed.
Concentrates on the application of imaging technology to the diagnosis and prognosis of lung and breast carcinomas, the two major worldwide malignancies
Addresses the relationship between radiation dose and image quality
Discusses the role of molecular imaging in identifying changes for the emergence and progression of cancer at the cellular and/or molecular levels"

Detection and characterization of bone tumors with imaging remains a big challenge for every radiologist notwithstanding the impressive progress achieved by the introduction of several new imaging modalities. Moreover, new concepts in surgical and oncological treatment of these lesions require from the radiologist appropriate and focused answers to the specifc questions asked by the referring physicians in order to choose the best therapeutic approach for the in- vidual patient. Tis comprehensive textbook describes in detail the possibilities and limits of all moda- ties, including MRI, CT, nuclear medicine and interventional radiological procedures, employed for the modern imaging of tumoral and tumor-like lesions of bone. Teir role in the diagnosis, surgical staging, biopsy and assessment of response to therapy is discussed in detail, covering all tumor subtypes as well as their specifc anatomical location.Well selected and technically imp- cable illustrations strongly enhance the didactic value of this work. I am very much indebted and grateful to the three editors: A. Mark Davies, Murali Sundaram and Steven L. J. James, world authorities in musculoskeletal radiology, for their superb scientifc achievement in preparing and editing this wonderful volume as well as for their individual ch- ters. I would also like to thank the large international group of collaborating authors, who are also widely acknowledged for their specifc expertise in the area of bone tumors, for their outstanding contributions.

While many comprehensive texts have been written on the treatment of breast cancer, the most common cancer among women, there are relatively few which cover in depth the prevention and early detection of the disease. The goal of this work is to present what experts in the ?eld feel is the current knowledge and future direction of breast cancer prevention and early detection. We begin Part I of the book with a review of risk factors, both genetic and environmental. We next review progress in the use of chemoprevention. Notably, chemoprevention risk reduction studies have led to FDA approval of two medications which measurably reduce disease incidence among women at increased risk, although with some risk of treatment related side effects. Newer agents in the pipeline, which may also reduce risk among normal risk women, are also discussed. Surgical risk reducing strategies complete the section on prevention, including both the bene?ts and downsides to this more aggressive approach. Even with aggressive prevention strategies, some women will develop breast cancer. For these women, early detection is critical to minimize disease spread and maximize long term survival. Part II of this book reviews current and upcoming approaches to early detection. Imaging strategies, including mammography, breast ultrasound, MRI, and PET imaging are reviewed. The potential for molecular tumor targeting to detect disease prior to the formation of a mass visible by anatomic imaging is presented.

Imaging in Oncology will serve as an up-to-date, attractive book of oncologic imaging for radiologists, oncologists, radiation therapists and others involved in oncologic care. This volume provides pertinent clinical and research information that underpins accurate interpretation and sensible use of cancer imaging. It reviews the role of established and upcoming techniques in plain radiography, ultrasound, CT, MR nuclear medicine, PET and PET/CT for oncologic imaging as well as image-guided intervention. The book also highlights new developments and advances in oncologic imaging. Imaging in Oncology will appeal to physicians in practice and in training and to all interested in oncologic imaging.

The use of scintillating materials in the detection of ionising radiation for medical imaging is the main topic of this book. It starts with an overview of the state of the art in using radiation detectors for medical imaging, followed by an in depth discussion of all aspects of the use of scintillating materials for this application. Possibilities to improve the performance of existing scintillating materials and completely new ideas on how to use scintillating materials are discussed in detail. The first 4 chapters contain a general overview of the applications of radiation detectors in medicine and present a closer look at the 3 most important subfields, X-ray imaging, gamma ray imaging and PET. One chapter is devoted to semiconductor detectors, a promising new area, and two chapters are devoted to recent technical advances in PET. The remaining 5 chapters deal with scintillating materials and their use in medical imaging.

Comprised of two separate volumes, Neuroimaging provides a state-of-the-art review of a broad range of neuroimaging techniques applied to both clinical and research settings. The breadth of the methods covered is matched by the depth of description of the theoretical background. Part B covers the application of neuroimaging in both research and clinical settings for the study of anxiety disorders, dementia, depression, schizophrenia, functional somatic syndromes, stroke, and multiple sclerosis using a range of neuroimaging modalities including CT, PET, SPECT, DTI, structural MRI and fMRI. One chapter is devoted to the study of brain development using structural MRI, and one chapter to the study of pediatric neurobehavioral disorders using fMRI. One of the most exciting recent applications of neuroimaging to the area of genetics is covered, and with the theory and application of neuroreceptor imaging in psychiatry, forms the final two chapters.
The two parts of Neuroimaging complement each other providing in-depth information on a broad range of routine and cutting edge techniques that is not available in any other text. This book is superbly written and beautifully illustrated by contributors working at the top of their chosen specialty.
* Presents recent applications of neuroimaging to the area of genetics
* Discusses the study of brain development using structural MRI
* Includes chapters on the theory and application of neuroreceptor imaging in psychiatry

In this book the authors describe their original research on the potential of both standard and high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) for analyzing brain activity in response to TV advertising. When engineering techniques, neuroscience concepts and marketing stimuli converge in one research field, known as neuromarketing, various theoretical and practical aspects need to be considered. The book introduces and discusses those aspects in detail, while showing several experiments performed by the authors during their attempts to measure both the cognitive activity and emotional involvement of the test subjects. In these experiments, the authors apply simultaneous EEG, galvanic skin response and heart rate monitoring, and show how significant variations of these variables can be associated with attention to, memorization or enjoyment of the presented stimuli. In particular, this book shows the central role of statistical analysis in recovering significant information on the scalp and cortical areas involved, along with variations of activity in the autonomous nervous system. From an economic and marketing perspective, the aim of this work is to promote a better understanding of how mass consumer advertising of (established) brands affects brain systems. From a neuroscience perspective, the broader goal is to provide a better understanding of both the neural mechanisms underlying the impact of affect and cognition on memory, and the neural correlates of choice and decision-making.

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The field of medical imaging advances so rapidly that all of those working in it, scientists, engineers, physicians, educators and others, need to frequently update their knowledge in order to stay abreast of developments. While journals and periodicals play a crucial role in this, more extensive, integrative publications that connect fundamental principles and new advances in algorithms and techniques to practical applications are essential. Medical Image Processing: Techniques and Applications meets this challenge and provides an enduring bridge in the ever expanding field of medical imaging. It serves as an authoritative resource and self-study guide explaining sophisticated techniques of quantitative image analysis, with a focus on medical applications. The book emphasizes the conceptual framework of image analysis and the effective use of image processing tools. It presents a detailed approach to each application while emphasizing insight and "tricks of the trade," and the applicability of techniques to other research areas. Although each chapter is written by an expert (or experts) in that area and is essentially self-contained, fundamental connections between the different topics are emphasized so that the book forms an integrated whole. The book is designed for end users who wish to update their skills and understanding with the latest techniques in image analysis. Providing unprecedented breadth and detail, it will be a valuable cross-disciplinary resource both at the graduate and specialist level. It is also well suited to supplement and motivate learning in graduate-level image processing classes within biomedical engineering, radiology and computer science.

PNL is the gold standard for the management of large and/or otherwise complex renal stones. Since its introduction in the seventies PNL has undergone considerable evolution, mainly driven by the improvement in access techniques, endoscopic instrument technology, lithotripsy devices and drainage management. The conventional prone position for PNL has been challenged in the last two decades by a variety of modifications, including the supine and Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia positions, which make simultaneous retrograde working access to the collecting system possible and have proven anesthesiological advantages. The Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position allowed the development of ECIRS (Endoscopic Combined IntraRenal Surgery), a technique exploiting a combined antegrade and retrograde approach to the upper urinary tract, using both rigid and flexible endoscopes with the related accessories. The synergistic teamwork of ECIRS provides a safe and efficient, minimally-invasive procedure for the treatment of all kinds of urolithiasis. The aim of this book is to share with the urologic community worldwide our experience, our standardization of all the steps, and tips and tricks for the procedure.

This book shows how the various paradigms of computational intelligence, employed either singly or in combination, can produce an effective structure for obtaining often vital information from ECG signals. The text is self-contained, addressing concepts, methodology, algorithms, and case studies and applications, providing the reader with the necessary background augmented with step-by-step explanation of the more advanced concepts. It is structured in three parts: Part I covers the fundamental ideas of computational intelligence together with the relevant principles of data acquisition, morphology and use in diagnosis; Part II deals with techniques and models of computational intelligence that are suitable for signal processing; and, Part III details ECG system-diagnostic interpretation and knowledge acquisition architectures. Illustrative material includes: brief numerical experiments; and, detailed schemes, exercises and more advanced problems.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of current state-of-the-art clinical physiological imaging of brain tumors. It focuses on the clinical applications of various modalities as they relate to brain tumor imaging, including techniques such as blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic source imaging/magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, amide proton transfer imaging, high angular resolution diffusion imaging, and molecular imaging. Featuring contributions from renowned experts in functional imaging, this book examines the diagnosis and characterization of brain tumors, details the application of functional imaging to treatment planning and monitoring of therapeutic intervention, and explores future directions in physiologic brain tumor imaging. Intended for neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, residents, and medical students, Functional Imaging of Brain Tumors is a unique resource that serves to advance patient care and research in this rapidly developing field.

Neuroscience is an evolving, complex, and multidisciplinary field of medicine. Neuroradiologists and neuropathologists are an important part of the multidisciplinary team, in addition to neurosurgeons, neurologists, and other disciplines. Featuring over nine hundred images, this practical textbook and atlas combines the specialties of neuroradiology and neuropathology, providing an extensive understanding of the disease process. It offers a comprehensive review of the nervous system diseases, including eye, skeletal muscle, and bone and soft tissue diseases. Topics are covered in chapters arranged by region, allowing for quick reference of conditions such as brain tumors, spinal cord diseases, or congenital malformations. Introductory chapters on pathologic and radiologic techniques are also featured, enabling specialists of both areas to familiarize themselves with the other's subject. Packaged with a password to give the user online access to all the text and images, this is a must-have resource for comprehensive and accurate diagnosis.

Molecular imaging plays an important role in drug discovery and advanced medical practice. A symposium of world leaders in drug research and development, molecular imaging, and medical therapy including regenerative treatment and radiation therapy has led to the publication of this book. Based on the proceedings of the symposium, many excellent ideas and valuable discussions are introduced that will guide the reader toward new advances in photon detection and protein modification as well as new developments in molecular imaging itself. Both protein modification and photon detection are emerging technologies that hold forth the promise of innovative strategies for drug discovery and medical care. The publication of these proceedings is a timely means of sharing significant experience and knowledge with many specialists all over the world. This book will be of great value to a wide variety of researchers in the fields of drug development and molecular imaging technologies, leading to integrated medical therapy and progress in human health.

The main purpose of this book is to present emerging neuroimaging data in order to define the role of primary and secondary structural and hemodynamic disturbances in different phases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to analyze the potential of diffusion tensor MRI, tractography and CT perfusion imaging in evaluating the dynamics of TBI. The authors present a new MRI classification of brain stem and hemispheric cortical/subcortical damage localization that is of significant prognostic value. New data are provided regarding the pathogenesis and dynamics of diffuse and focal brain injuries and qualitative and quantitative changes in the brain white matter tracts. It is shown that diffuse axonal injury can be considered a clinical model of multidimensional "split brain" with commissural, association and projection fiber disorders. The book will be of interest for neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists and others with an interest in the subject.

The developing of in vivo neuroscience techniques is rapidly improving the specificity and sensitivity of measurements of brain function. However, despite improvements in individual methods, it is becoming increasingly clear that the most effective research approaches will be multi-modal. Thus, it is the researchers who are familiar with many in vivo techniques who will be able to make the most substantial contributions to our understanding of dynamic brain function. In Dynamic Brain Imaging: Multi-Modal Methods and In Vivo Applications, leading experts specializing in magnetic resonance, electrophysiology, and optical imaging methods explain basic principles of their respective techniques and demonstrate their power in depicting functional activation patterns en route to a basic understanding of the dynamic processes underlying various neuroimaging signals. The novel results, from various species, provide a new understanding of dynamics of neural activity that span a wide spatiotemporal range. Numerous cutting-edge applications are used as examples to illustrate enticing possibilities of combining techniques toward studies of normal function and disease. Exclusive examples of dynamic functional imaging of the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, and retina are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of each method for applications to the neurosciences. State-of-the-art techniques described include multi-photon optical imaging, multi-array electrical recordings, heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Up-to-date and user-friendly, Dynamic Brain Imaging: Multi-Modal Methods and In Vivo Applications is designed to be accessible to both specialist neurophysiologists and general neuroscientists. It reviews the fundamental, theoretical, and practical principles of magnetic resonance, electrophysiology, and optical methods as applied in the neurosciences and shows how these tools can be used

This book provides an overview of the current state-of-art in combining advances in biomedical imaging with intraoperative navigation and preoperative planning for urologic surgery. These advances hold great promise in improving diagnostic and therapeutic urologic interventions to improve patient outcomes. Leading experts in this exciting emerging field covers early clinical and pre-clinical applications of optical, ultrasound, cross-sectional and computer-assisted imaging in urologic surgery.

"Advances in Image-Guided Urologic Surgery" provides a unique and valuable resource for audience with clinical and research interest in minimally invasive surgery, endourology, urologic oncology, imaging and biomedical engineering.

Biomedical image analysis has become a major aspect of engineering sciences, and radiology in particular has become a dominant player in the field. Recent developments have made it possible to use biomedical imaging to view the human body from an anatomical or physiological perspective in a non-invasive fashion. Computer-aided diagnosis consists of developing algorithms and intelligent software components that can automatically process images and spot potential irregularities in the health chain.

The aim of this book is to explain the process of biomedical imaging, from image acquisition to automated diagnosis. This process consists of three thematic areas. The first is dedicated to the acquisition process and the underlying properties of images from a physics-oriented perspective. The second part addresses the dominant state-of-the-art methodologies behind content extraction and interpretation of medical images. The third section presents an application-based example, which develops solutions to address the particular needs of various diagnoses.

This complete volume is an exceptional tool for radiologists, research scientists, senior undergraduate and graduate students in health sciences and engineering, and university professors. This book offers a unique guide to the entire chain of biomedical imaging, explaining how image formation is done, and how the most appropriate algorithms are used to address demands and diagnoses.

In Vivo EPR (ESR) is a textbook on this relatively new subject in biomedical electron spin resonance. While a few chapters have appeared in special topics volumes in this series, this book covers the principles and theory, instrumentation as well as the latest applications at the time of its writing. The authors are world-renowned experts and pioneers in their fields. This book is divided into two major sections dealing with theory and instrumentation, and aspects of biochemistry, in vitro and in vivo applications. A significant amount of detail is devoted to clinical applications and the problems and pitfalls encountered in in vivo spectroscopy and imaging.
Key Features:

-History of In Vivo EPR,
-Principles of Imaging-Theory and Instrumentation,
-Time-domain Radio Frequency EPR Imaging,
-The Measurement of Oxygen In Vivo Using In Vivo EPR Techniques,
-Potential Medical (Clinical) Applications of EPR,
-Combining NMR and EPR/ESR for In Vivo Experiments.

Cell Imaging is rapidly evolving as new technologies and new imaging advances continue to be introduced. In the second edition of Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols expands upon the previous editions with current techniques that includes confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser microdissection. With new chapters covering colocalization analysis of fluorescent probes, correlative light and electron microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, light sheet microscopy, intravital microscopy, high throughput microscopy, and stereological techniques. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls Authoritative and cutting-edge, Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is an easily accessible volume of protocols to be used with a variety of imaging-based equipment likely available in a core imaging facility.