Introduction to Electrophysiological Methods and Instrumentation, Second Edition covers all topics of interest to electrophysiologists, neuroscientists and neurophysiologists, from the reliable penetration of cells and the behavior and function of the equipment, to the mathematical tools available for analyzing data. It discusses the pros and cons of techniques and methods used in electrophysiology and how to avoid pitfalls. Although the basics of electrophysiological techniques remain the principal purpose of this second edition, it now integrates several current developments, including, amongst others, automated recording for high throughput screening and multimodal recordings to correlate electrical activity with other physiological parameters collected by optical means. This book provides the electrophysiologist with the tools needed to understand his or her equipment and how to acquire and analyze low-voltage biological signals.

With collaboration of Dr. Alan Buchman, Consulting Editor, Dr. Perry J. Pickhardt has created a comprehensive issue of Gastroenterology Clinics that looks at imaging techniques for gastrointestinal diseases. Experts in their respective fields have contributed clinical reviews in the following areas: Evaluation of Dysphagia: The Role of Barium Fluoroscopy; CT and MR Small Bowel Enterography: Current Status and Future Trends; Radiologic Assessment of Gastrointestinal Bleeding; CT Colonography: Implementation for Screening; Rectal MR for Cancer Staging and Surveillance; Defecography (fluoro vs MR); Noninvasive Imaging Techniques for Staging Liver Fibrosis; HCC Screening: Comparison of US, CT, and MR Approaches; Pancreatic Cystic Lesions; Overview of biliary imaging; Splenomegaly: Clinico-Radiologic Approach to the Differential Diagnosis; MR for Non-Traumatic Acute Abdominal Pain: Comparison with CT and US; and PET/MR: Current Clinical Status and Future Prospects. Gastroenterologists will come away with the knowledge they need to understand the latest imaging modalities for diagnosis and assessment of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders.

This issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, edited by Jorge Gonzalez and Matthew Price, will span a number of essential topics surrounding Imaging in Intervention. Subjects discussed include: Multimodality Imaging for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement; CT Assessment for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Imaging Evaluation and Interpretation for Vascular Access for TAVR; Imaging Evaluation for the Detection of Leaflet Thrombosis after TAVR; CT Imaging Guidance for WATCHMAN LAA Closure; Myocardial viability testing to guide coronary revascularization; Intravascular Ultrasound For Guidance and Optimization of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CT-FFR to guide coronary angiography and intervention; Multimodality imaging of the tricuspid valve for assessment and guidance of transcatheter repair; and Three-dimensional printing for structural heart intervention planning, among others.

This book contains invited lecturers and full papers presented at VIPIMAGE 2011 - III ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing (Olhao, Algarve, Portugal, 12-14 October 2011). International contributions from 16 countries provide a comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in: Image Processing and Analysis; Tracking and Analyze Objects in Images; Segmentation of Objects in Images; 3D Vision; Signal Processing; Data Interpolation, Registration, Acquisition and Compression; Objects Simulation; Medical Imaging; Virtual Reality; Software Development for Image Processing and Analysis; Computer Aided Diagnosis, Surgery, Therapy and Treatment; Computational Bioimaging and Visualization; Telemedicine Systems and their Applications. Related techniques also covered in this book include the level set method, finite element method, modal analyses, stochastic methods, principal and independent components analyses and distribution models. Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing - VIPIMAGE 2011 will be useful to academics, researchers and professionals in Computational Vision (Image Processing and Analysis), Computer Sciences, Computational Mechanics and Medicine.

This contributed volume focuses on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and explores the ways in which signaling mechanisms at the biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels in the blood vessels (vascular) and heart contribute to the underlying causes of development and progression of the CVDs. This volume covers unique topics such as oxidant signaling in vascular and heart diseases and health, cytoskeletal signaling in vascular health and disease, phospholipase signaling in CVDs, lipid signaling in vascular and myocardial health and diseases, and drug discovery in cellular signaling for cardiovascular diseases. This book assembles the most important discoveries made by leaders on the cellular signaling mechanisms operating behind the development and progression of life-threatening CVDs. It is an extremely useful resource for the investigators in the field of CVDs, and opens the discussion for further discovery of efficient management and effective treatment of the CVDs.

This book is about pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), with its techniques, the information to be obtained, and practical advice on performing experiments. The emphasis is on the motivation and physical ideas underlying NMR experiments and the actual techniques, including the hardware used. The level is generally suitable for those to whom pulse NMR is a new technique, be they students in chemistry or physics on the one hand and research workers in biology, geology, or agriculture, on the other. The book can be used for a senior or first year graduate course where it could supplement the standard NMR texts.

Atlas of Hybrid Imaging of the Heart, Lymph Nodes and Musculoskeletal System, Volume Three: Sectional Anatomy for PET/CT, PET/MRI and SPECT/CT provides a guide for interpreting PET and SPECT in relation to co-registered CT and/or MRI. In this atlas, exclusively dedicated to heart, lymph nodes and musculoskeletal system, nuclear physicians and radiologists cover hybrid nuclear medicine based on their own case studies. The practical structure in two-page unit offers readers a navigational tool based on anatomical districts, with labeled and explained low-dose multiplanar CT or MRI views merged with PET fusion imaging on one side and enhanced CT or MRI on the other. This new format enables the rapid identification of hybrid nuclear medicine findings which are now routine at leading medical centers. Each chapter begins with three-dimensional CT and/or MRI views of the evaluated anatomical region, bringing forward sectional tables. Clinical cases, tricks and pitfalls linked to several PET or SPECT radiopharmaceuticals help introduce the reader to peculiar molecular pathways and improve confidence in cross-sectional imaging that is vital for accurate diagnosis and treatments.

Molecular imaging of drugs or drug carriers is a valuable tool that can provide important information on spatiotemporal distribution of drugs, allowing improved drug distribution at target sites. Chemically labelled drugs can be used to both diagnose and treat diseases. This book introduces the topic of image guided drug delivery and covers the latest imaging techniques and developments in theranostics, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of this field as well as its translational ability. These technologies and techniques hold potential for individualised, safer therapies. The book introduces the chemistry behind labelling drugs or drug carriers for imaging. It then discusses current scientific progress in the discovery and development of theranostic agents as well as the latest advances in triggered drug delivery. Novel imaging techniques that can be combined with therapeutics are presented, as well as results and findings from early clinical trials. This text will provide postgraduates and researchers in various disciplines associated with drug discovery, including chemistry, device engineering, oncology, neurology, cardiology, imaging, and nanoscience, an overview of this important field where several disciplines have been combined to improve treatments. Readers will be introduced to techniques that can be translated to the clinic and be applied widely.

Intracoronary ultrasound is a rapidly evolving imaging modality and the increasing number of published studies indicates that the technique is safe and provides incremental and more detailed diagnostic information than coronary angiography. The technique has the potential to study the pathobiology of atherosclerosis, to clarify the significance of angiographically equivocal lesions and has helped us to understand the mechanisms, effects and complications of catheter-based revascularization procedures. Combinations of imaging and therapeutic devices are being developed for both guidance and assessment of the revascularization procedure. Three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary segments is now possible in real time and provides the opertor with more detailed information on coronary pathology. In this monograph, leading experts in the field present the state of the art of all these new developments.

This book provides a perspective on the current status of bioimaging technologies developed to assess the quality of musculoskeletal tissue with an emphasis on bone and cartilage. It offers evaluations of scaffold biomaterials developed for enhancing the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. These bioimaging techniques include micro-CT, nano-CT, pQCT/QCT, MRI, and ultrasound.

High Efficiency Video Coding and Other Emerging Standards provides an overview of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) and all its extensions and profiles. There are nearly 300 projects and problems included, and about 400 references related to HEVC alone. Next generation video coding (NGVC) beyond HEVC is also described. Other video coding standards such as AVS2, DAALA, THOR, VP9 (Google), DIRAC, VC1, and AV1 are addressed, and image coding standards such as JPEG, JPEG-LS, JPEG2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XS, JPEG XT and JPEG-Pleno are also listed. Understanding of these standards and their implementation is facilitated by overview papers, standards documents, reference software, software manuals, test sequences, source codes, tutorials, keynote speakers, panel discussions, reflector and ftp/web sites - all in the public domain. Access to these categories is also provided.

Imaging Genetics presents the latest research in imaging genetics methodology for discovering new associations between imaging and genetic variables, providing an overview of the state-of the-art in the field. Edited and written by leading researchers, this book is a beneficial reference for students and researchers, both new and experienced, in this growing area. The field of imaging genetics studies the relationships between DNA variation and measurements derived from anatomical or functional imaging data, often in the context of a disorder. While traditional genetic analyses rely on classical phenotypes like clinical symptoms, imaging genetics can offer richer insights into underlying, complex biological mechanisms.

Finding the Nerve: The Story of Impedance Neurography discusses research that elucidates the nature of nerve simulation via externally applied electrical fields, and how it has led to an entirely new understanding of neuronal cell membrane biophysics and defined a novel nerve imaging technology. It details how these discoveries came about and the nature of research that derives from unexplained clinical observations. The primary technology, impedance neurography, is a wholly new way of nerve-specific visualization in 2-D or 3-D, with the ability to define both normal and abnormal functioning of nerves, heretofore unavailable from techniques such as MRI neurography. This is of particular importance with respect to the obesity epidemic where physicians performing nerve-related procedures cannot use ultrasound visualization due to the depth limitations of that technology.

This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Management, and is edited by Dr. Alex Rovira Canellas. Articles will include: Multiple Sclerosis: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects; Brain and Spinal Cord MR Imaging Features in Multiple Sclerosis and Variants; Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders; Radiologically Isolated Syndrome; MRI in Monitoring and Predicting Treatment Response in Multiple Sclerosis; Cortical Grey Matter MR Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis; Brain Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis: Technical Aspects and Clinical Relevance; Iron Mapping in Multiple Sclerosis; Microstructural MR Techniques in Multiple Sclerosis; Molecular and Metabolic Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis; Insights from Ultra-high Field Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Distinguishing Clinical and MRI Features, and more!

Diagnostic imaging is an essential component in the evaluation of the patient with known or suspected respiratory tract disease. While chest radiography continues to serve as the primary tool for imaging the chest, advances in computed tomography (CT) have led to a variety of applications such as high-resolution CT (HRCT), advanced 3-D airway imaging, and image-guided procedures. The aim of this book is to deliver a clinically-oriented approach to pulmonary imaging. Each chapter of the book will provide an organized approach to the different facets of imaging of specific clinical scenarios, focusing on strengths and weaknesses of available imaging tests. High quality examples of typical imaging findings of specific conditions will supplement the text. The target readers include practicing internists, pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, and primary care practitioners. Other readers will include respiratory care therapists and medical students. The proposed cohort of authors represents experts in the field of thoracic radiology. These authors have experience in thoracic radiology and medical writing, each will deliver a high-quality chapter meeting the aims and scope of this book while addressing the target audience. Aside from the first three chapters, which are introductory materials, each author will be invited to select a clinician with whom they work closely to serve as a co-author in order to provide a chapter that maintains the clinical orientation of this book.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of quality metrics and methods used to improve quality for all major modalities of CRC screening. It introduces the readers to the evidence of effectiveness behind various CRC screening modalities: stool-based tests (Fecal Occult Blood, Fecal Immunochemical and Fecal DNA tests), flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and CT colonography. In-depth chapters review the latest guidelines for CRC screening, compare differences among the five major national guidelines, and highlight the need for valid quality and cost indicators. While the main focus of this volume is on colonoscopy, since most quality indicators and analyses have focused on this modality of screening and surveillance, one chapter is devoted to quality indicators of other screening modalities. Differences between process and outcome measures are also highlighted and a small but valid set of recommended national measures are listed. Written by experts in the field, Colorectal Cancer Screening: Quality and Benchmarks is an important and useful resource written for gastroenterologists, primary care physicians, general and colorectal surgeons, family physicians, and investigators with research focus in screening and quality metrics.

Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Methods Based on Coronary Imaging provides a complete review of computer methods for atherosclerotic plaque reconstruction and characterization. The authors, with their expertise from biomedical engineering, computer science, and cardiology, offer a holistic view. The focus of the book is on the presentation of major imaging techniques, including their limitations. It includes details on the mechanical characterization and properties of plaques and appropriate constitutive models to describe the mechanical behavior of plaques. The authors explore the challenges of using multiple coronary imaging technologies, and provide the pros and cons of invasive vs. non-invasive techniques. Methods for plaque characterization and 3D reconstruction of coronary arteries using IVUS, OCT, and CT images are described. This book will help readers study new trends in image processing analysis and plaque characterization, implement automated plaque characterization methodologies, understand coronary imaging drawbacks, and comprehend 3 dimensional coronary artery and plaque reconstruction methods.

The evolution of technological advances in infrared sensor technology, image processing, "smart" algorithms, knowledge-based databases, and their overall system integration has resulted in new methods of research and use in medical infrared imaging. The development of infrared cameras with focal plane arrays no longer requiring cooling, added a new dimension to this modality. Medical Infrared Imaging: Principles and Practices covers new ideas, concepts, and technologies along with historical background and clinical applications. The book begins by exploring worldwide advances in the medical applications of thermal imaging systems. It covers technology and hardware including detectors, detector materials, un-cooled focal plane arrays, high performance systems, camera characterization, electronics for on-chip image processing, optics, and cost-reduction designs. It then discusses the physiological basis of the thermal signature and its interpretation in a medical setting. The book also covers novel and emerging techniques, the complexities and importance of protocols for effective and reproducible results, storage and retrieval of thermal images, and ethical obligations. Of interest to both the medical and biomedical engineering communities, the book explores many opportunities for developing and conducting multidisciplinary research in many areas of medical infrared imaging. These range from clinical quantification to intelligent image processing for enhancement of the interpretation of images, and for further development of user-friendly high-resolution thermal cameras. These would enable the wide use of infrared imaging as a viable, noninvasive, low-cost, first-line detection modality.

This book encompasses the full breadth of the super-resolution imaging field, representing modern techniques that exceed the traditional diffraction limit, thereby opening up new applications in biomedicine. It shows readers how to use the new tools to increase resolution in sub-nanometer-scale images of living cells and tissue, which leads to new information about molecules, pathways and dynamics. The book highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques, and gives state-of-the-art examples of applications using microscopes currently available on the market. It covers key techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED), structured illumination microscopy (SSIM), photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). It will be a useful reference for biomedical researchers who want to work with super-resolution imaging, learn the proper technique for their application, and simultaneously obtain a solid footing in other techniques.

Authored by a leading educator, this book teaches the fundamental mathematics and physics concepts associated with medical imaging systems. Going beyond mere description of imaging modalities, this book delves into the mechanisms of image formation and image quality common to all imaging systems: contrast mechanisms, noise, and spatial and temporal resolution, making it an important reference for medical physicists and biomedical engineering students. This is an extensively revised new edition of The Physics of Medical X-Ray Imaging by Bruce Hasegawa (Medical Physics Publishing, 1991), and includes a wide range of modalities such as X-ray CT, MRI and SPECT.

Remarkable progress in neuro-oncology due to increased utilization of advanced imaging in clinical practice continues to accelerate in recent years. Refinements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) technology, and the addition of newer anatomical, functional, and metabolic imaging methods, such as MRS, fMRI, diffusion MRI, and DTI MRI have allowed brain tumor patients to be diagnosed much earlier and to be followed more carefully during treatment. With treatment approaches and the field of neuro-oncology neuroimaging changing rapidly, this second edition of the Handbook of Neuro-Oncology Neuroimaging is so relevant to those in the field, providing a single-source, comprehensive, reference handbook of the most up-to-date clinical and technical information regarding the application of neuro-Imaging techniques to brain tumor and neuro-oncology patients. This new volume will have updates on all of the material from the first edition, and in addition will feature several new important chapters covering diverse topics such as advanced imaging techniques in radiation therapy, therapeutic treatment fields, response assessment in clinical trials, surgical planning of neoplastic disease of the spine, and more. It will also serve as a resource of background information to neuroimaging researchers and basic scientists with an interest in brain tumors and neuro-oncology.

The advent of non-invasive imaging technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has allowed biologists and clinicians to make great strides in unraveling the secrets of the brain. In Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field provide a comprehensive collection of experimental MRI protocols that can be used to non-invasively interrogate the healthy and diseased brain. The chapters are divided into general techniques, such as the measurement of relaxivity, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and MR reporter genes, as well as specific applications in brain imaging, for example, phenotyping transgenic animals, detecting amyloid plaques, and fMRI in psychiatry. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology(TM) series, this work contains the type of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Thorough and cutting-edge, Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging: Methods and Protocols serves neuroscientists, clinical neurologists, psychiatrists, and radiologists with an excellent compendium of methods easily applied to both animal and human studies and certain to be an excellent resource for translational research.