From first principles to current computer applications, Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine, Second Edition: Applications in Diagnostic Imaging covers the applications of Monte Carlo calculations in nuclear medicine and critically reviews them from a diagnostic perspective. Like the first edition, this book explains the Monte Carlo method and the principles behind SPECT and PET imaging, introduces the reader to some Monte Carlo software currently in use, and gives the reader a detailed idea of some possible applications of Monte Carlo in current research in SPECT and PET. New chapters in this edition cover codes and applications in pre-clinical PET and SPECT. The book explains how Monte Carlo methods and software packages can be applied to evaluate scatter in SPECT and PET imaging, collimation, and image deterioration. A guide for researchers and students developing methods to improve image resolution, it also demonstrates how Monte Carlo techniques can be used to simulate complex imaging systems.

A comprehensive survey of the use of ultrasound in management of infertile patients is presented in this publication. Particular atten-tion is given to recently developed techniques such as assessment of endometrial changes, ovarian blood flow measurements, and per-cutaneous oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization. The very re-cent technique of transvaginal sonography is presented and richly illus-trated with original results obtained in biopsy-guided oocyte re-trieval, and in the precise delineation of follicle size and number for infertility treatment. Guidance in the interpretation of ultrasonic findings, which include potential limitations and pitfalls, is provided in each chapter. Researchers and practitioners interested in the management of infertile patients will find this volume indispensable.

Vulnerable plaque development is the result of a complex series of molecular and cellular events involving inflammation, apoptosis, rupture, and thrombosis. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of high-risk plaques, along with the ability to visualize and diagnose these vulnerable lesions, will lead to the effective management of acute coronary syndromes. High-Risk Atherosclerotic Plaques: Mechanisms, Imaging, Models, and Therapy brings together timely, in-depth reviews by renowned international cardiologists and scientists. Chapters cover the definition, structure, and cellular and molecular mechanisms of high risk plaque development, as well as animal models of vulnerable plaque, plaque imaging, and current and future therapies. Medical experts discuss intravascular ultrasound, optimal coherence tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and coronary thermography. The final chapter reviews both current and future local and systematic strategies for the therapeutic management of vulnerable plaque. Exploring all aspects of this primary cause of acute coronary syndromes, this informative book updates our knowledge on the detection and treatment of vulnerable plaques. It is a valuable resource that can greatly advance the progress in treatment and prevention.

This authoritative reference reviews current and emerging molecular imaging modalities that are expected to impact the detection and treatment of lung diseases in the near future-including applications in gene expression and inflammation imaging; the imaging of pulmonary cytokine regulation; the molecular imaging of angiogenesis, the airways, and lung cancer; and the imaging of cellular death and cell trafficking.

Interventional cardiology has transitioned from angiographic subjective analysis of stenosis severity into assessment of plaque characteristics and objective assessment of stenosis severity. The evolution of novel interventional imaging modalities is progressively altering our understanding of coronary artery disease diagnosis and prognosis. This book will be an essential companion to assist interventional cardiologists in better assessing patients with Coronary Artery Disease. It will encompass and review all interventional imaging modalities and provide guidance for interventional cardiologists to use these modalities.

Image registration is the process of systematically placing separate images in a common frame of reference so that the information they contain can be optimally integrated or compared. This is becoming the central tool for image analysis, understanding, and visualization in both medical and scientific applications. Medical Image Registration provides the first comprehensive coverage of this emerging field. This monograph details the theory, technology, and practical implementations in a variety of medical settings. International experts thoroughly explain why image registration is important, describe its applications in a nonmathematical way, and include rigorous analysis for those who plan to implement algorithms themselves. It is accessible and informative to those new to the field, yet it provides in-depth treatment for the expert. With its practical examples, extensive illustrations, and comprehensible approach, Medical Image Registration is a must have guide for medical physicists, clinicians, and researchers.

This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on Temporal Bone Imaging: Clinicoradiologic and Surgical Considerations, and is edited by Drs. Gul Moonis and Amy Fan-Yee Juliano. Articles will include: Imaging of Temporal Bone Infection Inflammation; Imaging of Meniere's Disease; Treatment of Vestibular Schwannoma; Post Operative Imaging of the Temporal Bone; Otosclerosis and Dysplasias of the Temporal Bone; Imaging of Syndromes with Temporal Bone Abnormalities; Imaging of Third Window Lesions; Imaging of Tinnitus; Imaging of Temporal Bone Tumors; Imaging of Pediatric Hearing Loss; Common Otologic Surgical Procedures: Clinical Decision Making Pearls; Imaging of Temporal Bone Trauma: A Clinicoradiologic Perspective; and more!

This book introduces the latest optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and computerized automatic image analysis techniques, and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases. Discussing the basic principles and the clinical applications of OCT imaging, OCT image preprocessing, as well as the automatic detection and quantitative analysis of retinal anatomy and pathology, it includes a wealth of clinical OCT images, and state-of-the-art research that applies novel image processing, pattern recognition and machine learning methods to real clinical data. It is a valuable resource for researchers in both medical image processing and ophthalmic imaging.

This book is about pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), with its techniques, the information to be obtained, and practical advice on performing experiments. The emphasis is on the motivation and physical ideas underlying NMR experiments and the actual techniques, including the hardware used. The level is generally suitable for those to whom pulse NMR is a new technique, be they students in chemistry or physics on the one hand and research workers in biology, geology, or agriculture, on the other. The book can be used for a senior or first year graduate course where it could supplement the standard NMR texts.

With collaboration of Dr. Alan Buchman, Consulting Editor, Dr. Perry J. Pickhardt has created a comprehensive issue of Gastroenterology Clinics that looks at imaging techniques for gastrointestinal diseases. Experts in their respective fields have contributed clinical reviews in the following areas: Evaluation of Dysphagia: The Role of Barium Fluoroscopy; CT and MR Small Bowel Enterography: Current Status and Future Trends; Radiologic Assessment of Gastrointestinal Bleeding; CT Colonography: Implementation for Screening; Rectal MR for Cancer Staging and Surveillance; Defecography (fluoro vs MR); Noninvasive Imaging Techniques for Staging Liver Fibrosis; HCC Screening: Comparison of US, CT, and MR Approaches; Pancreatic Cystic Lesions; Overview of biliary imaging; Splenomegaly: Clinico-Radiologic Approach to the Differential Diagnosis; MR for Non-Traumatic Acute Abdominal Pain: Comparison with CT and US; and PET/MR: Current Clinical Status and Future Prospects. Gastroenterologists will come away with the knowledge they need to understand the latest imaging modalities for diagnosis and assessment of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders.

Developing an effective computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for lung cancer is of great clinical importance and can significantly increase the patient's chance for survival. For this reason, CAD systems for lung cancer have been investigated in a large number of research studies. A typical CAD system for lung cancer diagnosis is composed of four main processing steps: segmentation of the lung fields, detection of nodules inside the lung fields, segmentation of the detected nodules, and diagnosis of the nodules as benign or malignant. This book overviews the current state-of-the-art techniques that have been developed to implement each of these CAD processing steps. Overviews the latest state-of-the-art diagnostic CAD systems for lung cancer imaging and diagnosis Offers detailed coverage of 3D and 4D image segmentation Illustrates unique fully automated detection systems coupled with 4D Computed Tomography (CT) Written by authors who are world-class researchers in the biomedical imaging sciences Includes extensive references at the end of each chapter to enhance further study Ayman El-Baz is a professor, university scholar, and chair of the Bioengineering Department at the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering in 1997 and 2001, respectively. He earned his doctoral degree in electrical engineering from the University of Louisville in 2006. In 2009, he was named a Coulter Fellow for his contributions to the field of biomedical translational research. He has 17 years of hands-on experience in the fields of bio-imaging modeling and noninvasive computer-assisted diagnosis systems. He has authored or coauthored more than 500 technical articles (132 journals, 23 books, 57 book chapters, 211 refereed-conference papers, 137 abstracts, and 27 U.S. patents and disclosures). Jasjit S. Suri is an innovator, scientist, a visionary, an industrialist, and an internationally known world leader in biomedical engineering. He has spent over 25 years in the field of biomedical engineering/devices and its management. He received his doctorate from the University of Washington, Seattle, and his business management sciences degree from Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. He was awarded the President's Gold Medal in 1980 and named a Fellow of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering for his outstanding contributions in 2004. In 2018, he was awarded the Marquis Life Time Achievement Award for his outstanding contributions and dedication to medical imaging and its management.

This issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, edited by Jorge Gonzalez and Matthew Price, will span a number of essential topics surrounding Imaging in Intervention. Subjects discussed include: Multimodality Imaging for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement; CT Assessment for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Imaging Evaluation and Interpretation for Vascular Access for TAVR; Imaging Evaluation for the Detection of Leaflet Thrombosis after TAVR; CT Imaging Guidance for WATCHMAN LAA Closure; Myocardial viability testing to guide coronary revascularization; Intravascular Ultrasound For Guidance and Optimization of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CT-FFR to guide coronary angiography and intervention; Multimodality imaging of the tricuspid valve for assessment and guidance of transcatheter repair; and Three-dimensional printing for structural heart intervention planning, among others.

Introduction to Electrophysiological Methods and Instrumentation, Second Edition covers all topics of interest to electrophysiologists, neuroscientists and neurophysiologists, from the reliable penetration of cells and the behavior and function of the equipment, to the mathematical tools available for analyzing data. It discusses the pros and cons of techniques and methods used in electrophysiology and how to avoid pitfalls. Although the basics of electrophysiological techniques remain the principal purpose of this second edition, it now integrates several current developments, including, amongst others, automated recording for high throughput screening and multimodal recordings to correlate electrical activity with other physiological parameters collected by optical means. This book provides the electrophysiologist with the tools needed to understand his or her equipment and how to acquire and analyze low-voltage biological signals.

The articles collected in this volume are based on lectures given at the IMA Workshop, "Computational Radiology and Imaging: Therapy and Diagnostics," March 17-21, 1997. Introductory articles by the editors have been added. The focus is on inverse problems involving electromagnetic radiation and particle beams, with applications to X-ray tomography, nuclear medicine, near-infrared imaging, microwave imaging, electron microscopy, and radiation therapy planning. Mathematical and computational tools and models which play important roles in this volume include the X-ray transform and other integral transforms, the linear Boltzmann equation and, for near-infrared imaging, its diffusion approximation, iterative methods for large linear and non-linear least-squares problems, iterative methods for linear feasibility problems, and optimization methods. The volume is intended not only for mathematical scientists and engineers working on these and related problems, but also for non-specialists. It contains much introductory expository material, and a large number of references. Many unsolved computational and mathematical problems of substantial practical importance are pointed out.

Dentistry is a branch of medicine with its own particularities and very different fields of action, and is generally regarded as an interdisciplinary field. The use of new technologies is currently the main driving force for the series of international conferences on Biodental Engineering (BIODENTAL). BIODENTAL ENGINEERING V contains the full papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Biodental Engineering (BIODENTAL 2018, Porto, Portugal, 22-23 June 2018). The conference had two workshops, one of them dealing with computational imaging combined with finite element method, the other dealing with bone tissue remodelling models. Additionally, the conference had three special sessions and sixty contributed presentations. The topics discussed in BIODENTAL ENGINEERING V include: Aesthetics Bioengineering Biomaterials Biomechanical disorders Biomedical devices Computational bio- imaging and visualization Computational methods Dental medicine Experimental mechanics Signal processing and analysis Implantology Minimally invasive devices and techniques Orthodontics Prosthesis and orthosis Simulation Software development Telemedicine Tissue engineering Virtual reality The purpose of the series of BIODENTAL Conferences on Biodental Engineering, initiated in 2009, is to perpetuate knowledge on bioengineering applied to dentistry, by promoting a comprehensive forum for discussion on recent advances in related fields in order to identify potential collaboration between researchers and end-users from different sciences.

The use of more robust, affordable, and efficient techniques and technologies in the application of medicine is presently a subject of huge interest and demand. Technology and Medical Sciences solidifies knowledge in the fields of technology and medical sciences and to define their key stakeholders. The book is designed for academics in engineering, mathematics, medicine, biomechanics, computation sciences, hardware development and manufacturing, electronics and instrumentation, and materials science.

Intracoronary ultrasound is a rapidly evolving imaging modality and the increasing number of published studies indicates that the technique is safe and provides incremental and more detailed diagnostic information than coronary angiography. The technique has the potential to study the pathobiology of atherosclerosis, to clarify the significance of angiographically equivocal lesions and has helped us to understand the mechanisms, effects and complications of catheter-based revascularization procedures. Combinations of imaging and therapeutic devices are being developed for both guidance and assessment of the revascularization procedure. Three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary segments is now possible in real time and provides the opertor with more detailed information on coronary pathology. In this monograph, leading experts in the field present the state of the art of all these new developments.

Dr. Leonard Swischuk, who is recognized for authoring several superb and widely read pediatric radiology textbooks, has produced yet another outstanding work on the important subject of imaging the cervical spine in children. A distinguished pediatric radiologist, he draws upon his extensive experience in the field and his gift for writing clear and readable text to provide practitioners with an insightful approach to pediatric cervical spine injuries. Those who work in trauma imaging will appreciate the wealth of practical guidelines contained in this thorough yet concise book. Dr. Swischuk's text is organized into six chapters. The first two discuss developmental anatomy and normal variants. Chapters three and four concentrate on congenital anomalies and on abnormalities of the dens. The final two chapters consider trauma and miscellaneous abnormalities of the cervical spine. The book has several notable strengths that are appealing to radiology residents, such as its succinct and well-organized overview of the topic. To help residents identify cases that they are likely to encounter during board exams and in practice, Dr. Swischuk selected excellent plain film examples from his personal collection that illustrate the conditions he discusses and reflect his emphasis on cervical radiography. The illustrated cases also include CT and MR images that clarify and qualify the plain film findings. Helpful reference lists complete each chapter and guide residents to resources for further reading. In addition, Dr. Swischuk 's direct writing style makes the complex content highly accessible, providing imaging residents with an invaluable introduction to pediatric cervical spine radiology.

This book contains invited lecturers and full papers presented at VIPIMAGE 2011 - III ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing (Olhao, Algarve, Portugal, 12-14 October 2011). International contributions from 16 countries provide a comprehensive coverage of the current state-of-the-art in: Image Processing and Analysis; Tracking and Analyze Objects in Images; Segmentation of Objects in Images; 3D Vision; Signal Processing; Data Interpolation, Registration, Acquisition and Compression; Objects Simulation; Medical Imaging; Virtual Reality; Software Development for Image Processing and Analysis; Computer Aided Diagnosis, Surgery, Therapy and Treatment; Computational Bioimaging and Visualization; Telemedicine Systems and their Applications. Related techniques also covered in this book include the level set method, finite element method, modal analyses, stochastic methods, principal and independent components analyses and distribution models. Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing - VIPIMAGE 2011 will be useful to academics, researchers and professionals in Computational Vision (Image Processing and Analysis), Computer Sciences, Computational Mechanics and Medicine.

This book provides a perspective on the current status of bioimaging technologies developed to assess the quality of musculoskeletal tissue with an emphasis on bone and cartilage. It offers evaluations of scaffold biomaterials developed for enhancing the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. These bioimaging techniques include micro-CT, nano-CT, pQCT/QCT, MRI, and ultrasound.

High Efficiency Video Coding and Other Emerging Standards provides an overview of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) and all its extensions and profiles. There are nearly 300 projects and problems included, and about 400 references related to HEVC alone. Next generation video coding (NGVC) beyond HEVC is also described. Other video coding standards such as AVS2, DAALA, THOR, VP9 (Google), DIRAC, VC1, and AV1 are addressed, and image coding standards such as JPEG, JPEG-LS, JPEG2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XS, JPEG XT and JPEG-Pleno are also listed. Understanding of these standards and their implementation is facilitated by overview papers, standards documents, reference software, software manuals, test sequences, source codes, tutorials, keynote speakers, panel discussions, reflector and ftp/web sites - all in the public domain. Access to these categories is also provided.

Molecular imaging of drugs or drug carriers is a valuable tool that can provide important information on spatiotemporal distribution of drugs, allowing improved drug distribution at target sites. Chemically labelled drugs can be used to both diagnose and treat diseases. This book introduces the topic of image guided drug delivery and covers the latest imaging techniques and developments in theranostics, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of this field as well as its translational ability. These technologies and techniques hold potential for individualised, safer therapies. The book introduces the chemistry behind labelling drugs or drug carriers for imaging. It then discusses current scientific progress in the discovery and development of theranostic agents as well as the latest advances in triggered drug delivery. Novel imaging techniques that can be combined with therapeutics are presented, as well as results and findings from early clinical trials. This text will provide postgraduates and researchers in various disciplines associated with drug discovery, including chemistry, device engineering, oncology, neurology, cardiology, imaging, and nanoscience, an overview of this important field where several disciplines have been combined to improve treatments. Readers will be introduced to techniques that can be translated to the clinic and be applied widely.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of quality metrics and methods used to improve quality for all major modalities of CRC screening. It introduces the readers to the evidence of effectiveness behind various CRC screening modalities: stool-based tests (Fecal Occult Blood, Fecal Immunochemical and Fecal DNA tests), flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and CT colonography. In-depth chapters review the latest guidelines for CRC screening, compare differences among the five major national guidelines, and highlight the need for valid quality and cost indicators. While the main focus of this volume is on colonoscopy, since most quality indicators and analyses have focused on this modality of screening and surveillance, one chapter is devoted to quality indicators of other screening modalities. Differences between process and outcome measures are also highlighted and a small but valid set of recommended national measures are listed. Written by experts in the field, Colorectal Cancer Screening: Quality and Benchmarks is an important and useful resource written for gastroenterologists, primary care physicians, general and colorectal surgeons, family physicians, and investigators with research focus in screening and quality metrics.

"This book presents the technology evaluation methodology from the point of view of radiological physics and contrasts the purely physical evaluation of image quality with the determination of diagnostic outcome through the study of observer performance. The reader is taken through the arguments with concrete examples illustrated by code in R, an open source statistical language." - from the Foreword by Prof. Harold L. Kundel, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania "This book will benefit individuals interested in observer performance evaluations in diagnostic medical imaging and provide additional insights to those that have worked in the field for many years." - Prof. Gary T. Barnes, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham This book provides a complete introductory overview of this growing field and its applications in medical imaging, utilizing worked examples and exercises to demystify statistics for readers of any background. It includes a tutorial on the use of the open source, widely used R software, as well as basic statistical background, before addressing localization tasks common in medical imaging. The coverage includes a discussion of study design basics and the use of the techniques in imaging system optimization, memory effects in clinical interpretations, predictions of clinical task performance, alternatives to ROC analysis, and non-medical applications. Dev P. Chakraborty, PhD, is a clinical diagnostic imaging physicist, certified by the American Board of Radiology in Diagnostic Radiological Physics and Medical Nuclear Physics. He has held faculty positions at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Pennsylvania, and most recently at the University of Pittsburgh.

Finding the Nerve: The Story of Impedance Neurography discusses research that elucidates the nature of nerve simulation via externally applied electrical fields, and how it has led to an entirely new understanding of neuronal cell membrane biophysics and defined a novel nerve imaging technology. It details how these discoveries came about and the nature of research that derives from unexplained clinical observations. The primary technology, impedance neurography, is a wholly new way of nerve-specific visualization in 2-D or 3-D, with the ability to define both normal and abnormal functioning of nerves, heretofore unavailable from techniques such as MRI neurography. This is of particular importance with respect to the obesity epidemic where physicians performing nerve-related procedures cannot use ultrasound visualization due to the depth limitations of that technology.