Gromov's theory of hyperbolic groups have had a big impact in combinatorial group theory and has deep connections with many branches of mathematics suchdifferential geometry, representation theory, ergodic theory and dynamical systems. This book is an elaboration on some ideas of Gromov on hyperbolic spaces and hyperbolic groups in relation with symbolic dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the dynamical system defined by the action of a hyperbolic group on its boundary. The boundary is most oftenchaotic both as a topological space and as a dynamical system, and a description of this boundary and the action is given in terms of subshifts of finite type. The book is self-contained and includes two introductory chapters, one on Gromov's hyperbolic geometry and the other one on symbolic dynamics. It is intended for students and researchers in geometry and in dynamical systems, and can be used asthe basis for a graduate course on these subjects.

In this volume experts from university and industry are presenting new technologies for solving industrial problems as well as important and practicable impulses for new research. The following topics are treated: - solid modelling - geometry processing - feature modelling - product modelling - surfaces over arbitrary topologies - blending methods - scattered data algorithms - smooting and fairing algorithms - NURBS 21 articles are giving a state-of-the-art survey of the relevant problems and issues in the rapidly growing area of geometric modelling.

Fractal geometry has become popular in the last 15 years, its applications can be found in technology, science, or even arts. Fractal methods and formalism are seen today as a general, abstract, but nevertheless practical instrument for the description of nature in a wide sense. But it was Computer Graphics which made possible the increasing popularity of fractals several years ago, and long after their mathematical formulation. The two disciplines are tightly linked. The book contains the scientificcontributions presented in an international workshop in the "Computer Graphics Center" in Darmstadt, Germany. The target of the workshop was to present the wide spectrum of interrelationships and interactions between Fractal Geometry and Computer Graphics. The topics vary from fundamentals and new theoretical results to various applications and systems development. All contributions are original, unpublished papers.The presentations have been discussed in two working groups; the discussion results, together with actual trends and topics of future research, are reported in the last section. The topics of the book are divides into four sections: Fundamentals, Computer Graphics and Optical Simulation, Simulation of Natural Phenomena, Image Processing and Image Analysis.

One way to advance the science of computational geometry is to make a comprehensive study of fundamental operations that are used in many different algorithms. This monograph attempts such an investigation in the case of two basic predicates: the counterclockwise relation pqr, which states that the circle through points (p, q, r) is traversed counterclockwise when we encounter the points in cyclic order p, q, r, p, ...; and the incircle relation pqrs, which states that s lies inside that circle if pqr is true, or outside that circle if pqr is false. The author, Donald Knuth, is one of the greatest computer scientists of our time. A few years ago, he and some of his students were looking at amap that pinpointed the locations of about 100 cities. They asked, "Which ofthese cities are neighbors of each other?" They knew intuitively that some pairs of cities were neighbors and some were not; they wanted to find a formal mathematical characterization that would match their intuition.This monograph is the result.

Fractals play an important role in modeling natural phenomena and engineering processes. And fractals have a close connection to the concepts of chaotic dynamics. This monograph presents definitions, concepts, notions and methodologies of both spatial and temporal fractals. It addresses students and researchers in chemistry and in chemical engineering. The authors present the concepts and methodologies in sufficient detail for uninitiated readers. They include many simple examples and graphical illustrations. They outline some examples in more detail: Perimeter fractal dimension of char particles, surface fractal dimension of charcoal; fractal analysis of pressure fluctuation in multiphase flow systems. Readers who master the concepts in this book, can confidently apply them to their fields of interest.

Traditionally the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence has been a tool which has enabled the computation of generators and relations to describe homotopy groups. Here a natural geometric description of the sequence is given in terms of cobordism theory and manifolds with singularities. The author brings together many interesting results not widely known outside the USSR, including some recent work by Vershinin. This book will be of great interest to researchers into algebraic topology.

The author presents a topological approach to the problem of robustness of dynamic feedback control. First the gap-topology is introduced as a distance measure between systems. In this topology, stability of the closed loop system is a robust property. Furthermore, it is possible to solve the problem of optimally robust control in this setting. The book can be divided into two parts. The first chapters form an introduction to the topological approach towards robust stabilization. Although of theoretical nature, only general mathematical knowledge is required from the reader. The second part is devoted to compensator design. Several algorithms for computing an optimally robust controller in the gap-topology are presented and worked out. Therefore we hope that the book will not only be of interest to theoreticians, but that also practitioners will benefit from it.

The Shape of Space, Third Edition maintains the standard of excellence set by the previous editions. This lighthearted textbook covers the basic geometry and topology of two- and three-dimensional spaces-stretching students' minds as they learn to visualize new possibilities for the shape of our universe. Written by a master expositor, leading researcher in the field, and MacArthur Fellow, its informal exposition and engaging exercises appeal to an exceptionally broad audience, from liberal arts students to math undergraduate and graduate students looking for a clear intuitive understanding to supplement more formal texts, and even to laypeople seeking an entertaining self-study book to expand their understanding of space. Features of the Third Edition: Full-color figures throughout "Picture proofs" have replaced algebraic proofs Simpler handles-and-crosscaps approach to surfaces Updated discussion of cosmological applications Intuitive examples missing from many college and graduate school curricula About the Author: Jeffrey R. Weeks is a freelance geometer living in Canton, New York. With support from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation and several science museums, his work spans pure mathematics, applications in cosmology and-closest to his heart-exposition for the general public.

The theory of surgery on manifolds has been generalized to categories of manifolds with group actions in several different ways. This book discusses some basic properties that such theories have in common. Special emphasis is placed on analogs of the fourfold periodicity theorems in ordinary surgery and the roles of standard general position hypotheses on the strata of manifolds with group actions. The contents of the book presuppose some familiarity with the basic ideas of surgery theory and transformation groups, but no previous knowledge of equivariant surgery is assumed. The book is designed to serve either as an introduction to equivariant surgery theory for advanced graduate students and researchers in related areas, or as an account of the authors' previously unpublished work on periodicity for specialists in surgery theory or transformation groups.

During the Fall Semester of 1987, Stevo Todorcevic gave a series of lectures at the University of Colorado. These notes of the course, taken by the author, give a novel and fast exposition of four chapters of Set Theory. The first two chapters are about the connection between large cardinals and Lebesque measure. The third is on forcing axioms such as Martin's axiom or the Proper Forcing Axiom. The fourth chapter looks at the method of minimal walks and p-functions and their applications. The book is addressed to researchers and graduate students interested in Set Theory, Set-Theoretic Topology and Measure Theory.

This book demonstrates the lively interaction between algebraic topology, very low dimensional topology and combinatorial group theory. Many of the ideas presented are still in their infancy, and it is hoped that the work here will spur others to new and exciting developments. Among the many techniques disussed are the use of obstruction groups to distinguish certain exact sequences and several graph theoretic techniques with applications to the theory of groups.

This is the first exposition of the theory of quasi-symmetric designs, that is, combinatorial designs with at most two block intersection numbers. The authors aim to bring out the interaction among designs, finite geometries, and strongly regular graphs. The book starts with basic, classical material on designs and strongly regular graphs and continues with a discussion of some important results on quasi-symmetric designs. The later chapters include a combinatorial construction of the Witt designs from the projective plane of order four, recent results dealing with a structural study of designs resulting from Cameron's classification theory on extensions of symmetric designs, and results on the classification problem of quasi-symmetric designs. The final chapter presents connections to coding theory.

The Handbook of Homotopy Theory provides a panoramic view of an active area in mathematics that is currently seeing dramatic solutions to long-standing open problems, and is proving itself of increasing importance across many other mathematical disciplines. The origins of the subject date back to work of Henri Poincare and Heinz Hopf in the early 20th century, but it has seen enormous progress in the 21st century. A highlight of this volume is an introduction to and diverse applications of the newly established foundational theory of Y -categories. The coverage is vast, ranging from axiomatic to applied, from foundational to computational, and includes surveys of applications both geometric and algebraic. The contributors are among the most active and creative researchers in the field. The 22 chapters by 31 contributors are designed to address novices, as well as established mathematicians, interested in learning the state of the art in this field, whose methods are of increasing importance in many other areas.

A central problem in algebraic topology is the calculation of the values of the stable homotopy groups of spheres +*S. In this book, a new method for this is developed based upon the analysis of the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence. After the tools for this analysis are developed, these methods are applied to compute inductively the first 64 stable stems, a substantial improvement over the previously known 45. Much of this computation is algorithmic and is done by computer. As an application, an element of degree 62 of Kervaire invariant one is shown to have order two. This book will be useful to algebraic topologists and graduate students with a knowledge of basic homotopy theory and Brown-Peterson homology; for its methods, as a reference on the structure of the first 64 stable stems and for the tables depicting the behavior of the Atiyah-Hirzebruch and classical Adams spectral sequences through degree 64.

The book is devoted to two natural problems, the existence and unicity of minimal projections in Banach space. Connections are established between the latter and unicity in mathematical programming problems and also with the problem of the characterization of Hilbert spaces. The book also contains a Kolmogorov type criterion for minimal projections and detailed descriptions of the Fourier operators. Presenting both new results and problems for further investigations, this book is addressed to researchers and graduate students interested in geometric functional analysis and to applications.

This workbook is intended for college courses for prospective or in-service secondary school teachers of geometry. It contains solutions and commentary to the numerous exercises in the accompanying workbook.

These notes give the basic ingredients of the theory of weighted Hardy spaces of tempered distribution on Rn and illustrate the techniques used. The authors consider properties of weights in a general setting; they derive mean value inequalities for wavelet transforms and introduce halfspace techniques with, for example, nontangential maximal functions and g-functions. This leads to several equivalent definitions of the weighted Hardy space HPW. Fourier multipliers and singular integral operators are applied to the weighted Hardy spaces and complex interpolation is considered. One tool often used here is the atomic decomposition. The methods developed by the authors using the atomic decomposition in the strictly convex case p>1 are of special interest.

The contributions in this volume summarize parts of a seminar on conformal geometry which was held at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Mathematik in Bonn during the academic year 1985/86. The intention of this seminar was to study conformal structures on mani folds from various viewpoints. The motivation to publish seminar notes grew out of the fact that in spite of the basic importance of this field to many topics of current interest (low-dimensional topology, analysis on manifolds . . . ) there seems to be no coherent introduction to conformal geometry in the literature. We have tried to make the material presented in this book self-contained, so it should be accessible to students with some background in differential geometry. Moreover, we hope that it will be useful as a reference and as a source of inspiration for further research. Ravi Kulkarni/Ulrich Pinkall Conformal Structures and Mobius Structures Ravi S. Kulkarni* Contents 0 Introduction 2 1 Conformal Structures 4 2 Conformal Change of a Metric, Mobius Structures 8 3 Liouville's Theorem 12 n 4 The GroupsM(n) andM(E ) 13 5 Connection with Hyperbol ic Geometry 16 6 Constructions of Mobius Manifolds 21 7 Development and Holonomy 31 8 Ideal Boundary, Classification of Mobius Structures 35 * Partially supported by the Max-Planck-Institut fur Mathematik, Bonn, and an NSF grant. 2 O Introduction (0. 1) Historically, the stereographic projection and the Mercator projection must have appeared to mathematicians very startling."

This volume collects six related articles. The first is the notes (written by J.S. Milne) of a major part of the seminar "Periodes des Int grales Abeliennes" given by P. Deligne at I'.B.E.S., 1978-79. The second article was written for this volume (by P. Deligne and J.S. Milne) and is largely based on: N Saavedra Rivano, Categories tannakiennes, Lecture Notes in Math. 265, Springer, Heidelberg 1972. The third article is a slight expansion of part of: J.S. Milne and Kuang-yen Shih, Sh ura varieties: conjugates and the action of complex conjugation 154 pp. (Unpublished manuscript, October 1979). The fourth article is based on a letter from P. De1igne to R. Langlands, dated 10th April, 1979, and was revised and completed (by De1igne) in July, 1981. The fifth article is a slight revision of another section of the manuscript of Milne and Shih referred to above. The sixth article, by A. Ogus, dates from July, 1980.

The International Workshop CG '88 on "Computational Geometry" was held at the University of WA1/4rzburg, FRG, March 24-25, 1988. As the interest in the fascinating field of Computational Geometry and its Applications has grown very quickly in recent years the organizers felt the need to have a workshop, where a suitable number of invited participants could concentrate their efforts in this field to cover a broad spectrum of topics and to communicate in a stimulating atmosphere. This workshop was attended by some fifty invited scientists. The scientific program consisted of 22 contributions, of which 18 papers with one additional paper (M. Reichling) are contained in the present volume. The contributions covered important areas not only of fundamental aspects of Computational Geometry but a lot of interesting and most promising applications: Algorithmic Aspects of Geometry, Arrangements, Nearest-Neighbor-Problems and Abstract Voronoi-Diagrams, Data Structures for Geometric Objects, Geo-Relational Algebra, Geometric Modeling, Clustering and Visualizing Geometric Objects, Finite Element Methods, Triangulating in Parallel, Animation and Ray Tracing, Robotics: Motion Planning, Collision Avoidance, Visibility, Smooth Surfaces, Basic Models of Geometric Computations, Automatizing Geometric Proofs and Constructions.

'The reference list is excellent. This is a worthwhile (though 'niche') book that will be attractive to a particular sector of the general reading public interested in mathematical riddles and puzzles. Professional educators might well employ it in integrated learning settings. Summing Up: Recommended. All readers.'CHOICEImmerse yourself in the fascinating world of geometry and spatial ability - either individually or in small groups, either as challenges or play problems! Here are four reasons why you should work with this book:This book offers a very unique opportunity to enhance your spatial ability, your mathematical competence, and your logical thinking. The authors arranged 45 problems - including more than 120 tasks - in a well-balanced order, which have been tested with a variety of populations.