This book details zeolites, their structures and the parameters that influence their synthesis, providing a new and actual perspective of this field. Following this, the authors show different processes used to synthesize zeolites using residues, natural materials, and other eco-friendly materials such as raw powder glass, clays, aluminum cans, diatomites, rice ashes or coal ashes. Finally, this book gives the reader a wide range of different synthesis methods that they can be applied to several industrial processes.

Chemically Modified Nanopores and Nanochannels is devoted to chemically modified nanopores and nanochannels, and covers the fundamentals of transport in chemically modified systems, an account of the different preparation and characterization techniques of chemically modified nanopores, their applications, and case studies. The book is designed for materials and biomaterials scientists, biomedical engineers, chemists, and chemical engineers who are interested in designing and utilizing processes to synthesize, modify, characterize, use, and model nanopores. The strong chemical focus of the book differentiates it from other books published on nanopores, which traditionally focus either on physics, biophysics, and nanofabrication (solid-state nanopores) or biophysics and biology (biological ion channels and pores).

The continued greening of the energy sector, with inroads being made through numerous sources of materials that can produce energy, is the main focus of this, Green Chemical Processing, Volume 8. It includes contributions from area experts in widely different fields, all involved in energy production, and makes connections to the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.

Over the past 20 years, synchrotron-based research applications have provided important insight into the geochemical cycling of ions and the chemical and crystallographic properties of minerals in soils and sediments. Of particular significance is the understanding of local coordination environments with the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The high flux and brightness of the X-ray beams have allowed researchers to work at environmentally relevant concentrations. The use of focusing mirrors and apertures which allow for mapping and trace particle surfaces, microbes, roots, channels and elements at the micron and at a nano-meter scale in 2 and 3D have also been a great enhancement to science. This book provides the most up-to-date information on synchrotron-based research applications in the field of soil, sediment and earth sciences. Invited authors provide chapters on a wide range of research topics including multiphase flow and transport processes (physical aspects), rhizosphere and microbial life (biological aspects), and dynamics of C, N, S, P and heavy metals and metalloids (chemical aspects). In addition, perspectives on the impact of synchrotron based applications, particularly X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and the role of synchrotron applications in remediation, regulatory, and decision making processes are considered.

Now available is the second edition of a book which has been described as ..".an exceptionally lucid, easy-to-read presentation... would be an excellent addition to the collection of every analytical chemist. I recommend it with great enthusiasm." (Analytical Chemistry)

N.R. Draper reviewed the first edition in Publication of the International Statistical Institute ..".discussion is careful, sensible, amicable, and modern and can be recommended for the intended readership."

The scope of the first edition has been revised, enlarged and expanded. Approximately 30% of the text is new. The book first introduces the reader to the fundamentals of experimental design. Systems theory, response surface concepts, and basic statistics serve as a basis for the further development of matrix least squares and hypothesis testing. The effects of different experimental designs and different models on the variance-covariance matrix and on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are extensively discussed. Applications and advanced topics (such as confidence bands, rotatability, and confounding) complete the text. Numerous worked examples are presented.

The clear and practical approach adopted by the authors makes the book applicable to a wide audience. It will appeal particularly to those with a practical need (scientists, engineers, managers, research workers) who have completed their formal education but who still need to know efficient ways of carrying out experiments. It will also be an ideal text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students following courses in chemometrics, data acquisition and treatment, and design of experiments.

This book is the first to focus specifically on cancer nanotheranostics. Each of the chapters that make up this comprehensive volume is authored by a researcher, clinician, or regulatory agency member known for their expertise in this field. Theranostics, the technology to simultaneously diagnose and treat a disease, is a nascent field that is growing rapidly in this era of personalized medicine. As the need for cost-effective disease diagnosis grows, drug delivery systems that can act as multifunctional carriers for imaging contrast and therapy agents could provide unique breakthroughs in oncology. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of smart theranostic platforms that can concurrently diagnose disease, start primary treatment, monitor response and initiate secondary treatments if required. In oncology, chemotherapeutics have been routinely used. Some drugs have proven effective but all carry risks of adverse side effects. There is growing interest in using remotely triggered drug delivery systems to limit cytotoxicity in the diseased area. This book reviews the use of theranostic nanoparticles for cancer applications over the past decade. First, it briefly discusses the challenges and limitations of conventional cancer treatments, and presents an overview of the use of nanotechnology in treating cancer. These introductory chapters are followed by those exploring cancer diagnosis and a myriad of delivery methods for nanotherapeutics. The book also addresses multifunctional platforms, treatment monitoring, and regulatory considerations. As a whole, the book aims to briefly summarize the development and clinical potential of various nanotheranostics for cancer applications, and to delineate the challenges that must be overcome for successful clinical development and implementation of such cancer theranostics.

This book covers various aspects of characterization of materials in the areas of metals, alloys, steels, welding, nanomaterials, intermetallic, and surface coatings. These materials are obtained by different methods and techniques like spray, mechanical milling, sol-gel, casting, biosynthesis, and chemical reduction among others. Some of these materials are classified according to application such as materials for medical application, materials for industrial applications, materials used in the oil industry and materials used like coatings. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of structural characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, image analysis, finite element method (FEM), optical microscopy (OM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared photo-thermal radiometry (IPTR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), thermo luminescence (TL), photoluminescence (PL), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and radio frequency (RF). The book includes theoretical models and illustrations of characterization properties-both structural and chemical.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in group III-nitride based ultraviolet LED and laser technologies, covering different substrate approaches, a review of optical, electronic and structural properties of InAlGaN materials as well as various optoelectronic components. In addition, the book gives an overview of a number of key application areas for UV emitters and detectors, including water purification, phototherapy, sensing, and UV curing. The book is written for researchers and graduate level students in the area of semiconductor materials, optoelectronics and devices as well as developers and engineers in the various application fields of UV emitters and detectors.

This book provides recent developments and improvements in the modeling as well as application examples and is a complementary work to the previous Lecture Notes Vols. 77 and 80. It summarizes the fundamental work from scientists dealing with the development of constitutive models for soils, especially cyclic loading with special attention to the numerical implementation. In this volume the neo-hypoplasticity and the ISA (intergranular strain anisotropy) model in their extended version are presented. Furthermore, new contact elements with non-linear constitutive material laws and examples for their applications are given.Comparisons between the experimental and the numerical results show the effectiveness and the drawbacks and provide a useful and comprehensive pool for all the constitutive model developers and scientists in geotechnical engineering, who like to prove the soundness of new approaches.

This volume shines a new light on short fibre reinfoced cementitious composites and particle reinforced ceramics. It offers insight from various disciplines like civil engineering, material sciences and micro-mechanics, and collects 9 experimental, numerical and theoretical studies written by top researchers in composite concrete science. The book presents the outcome of the EUROMECH 582 colloquium "Short Fibre Reinfoced Cementitious Composites and Ceramics" held 20 - 22 March 2017, Tallinn, Estonia.

This book presents new approaches to security risk analysis and scenario building on the basis of water works such as flood barriers and storm surge barriers. Defending flood barriers is not only important because of climate change and rising sea levels, but also due to the vulnerability of fresh water supplies and the increasing number of people living in vulnerable low-lying river and sea deltas.

Marine Concrete Structures: Design, Durability and Performance comprehensively examines structures located in, under, or in close proximity to the sea. A major emphasis of the book is on the long-term performance of marine concrete structures that not only represent major infrastructure investment and provision, but are also required to operate with minimal maintenance. Chapters review the design, specification, construction, and operation of marine concrete structures, and examine their performance and durability in the marine environment. A number of case studies of significant marine concrete structures from around the world are included which help to reinforce the principles outlined in earlier chapters and provide useful background to these types of structures. The result is a thorough and up-to-date reference source that engineers, researchers, and postgraduate students in this field will find invaluable.

The ancient Greeks believed that all matter was composed of four elements: earth, water, air, and fire. By a remarkable coincidence (or perhaps not), today we know that there are four states of matter: solids (e.g. earth), liquids (e.g. water), gasses (e.g. air) and plasma (e.g. ionized gas produced by fire). The plasma state is beyond the scope of this book and we will only look at the first three states. Although on the microscopic level all matter is made from atoms or molecules, everyday experience tells us that the three states have very different properties. The aim of this book is to examine some of these properties and the underlying physics.

Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning, Volume Ten, provides a state-of-the-art guide to the current knowledge on the behavior of film-type and particulate surface contaminants and their cleaning methods. This newest volume in the series discusses mechanisms of particle adhesion, particle behavior in liquid systems, and metallic contamination and its impact. In addition, the book includes a discussion of the types of contaminants, with resources to deal with them and information on environmental issues related to surface contamination and cleaning. Taken as a whole, the series forms a unique reference for professionals and academics working in the area of surface contamination and cleaning that also includes information on cleaning at the micro and nano scales.

The importance of the nanoscale effects has been recognized in materials research for over fifty years, but it is only recently that advanced characterization and fabrication methods are enabling scientists to build structures atom-by-atom or molecule-by molecule. The understanding and control of the nanostructure has been, to a large extent, made possible by new atomistic analysis and characterization methods pioneered by transmission electron microscopy. "Nano and Microstructural Design of Advanced Materials" focuses on the effective use of such advanced analysis and characterization techniques in the design of materials.
* Teaches effective use of advanced analysis and characterization methods at an atomistic level.
* Contains many supporting examples of materials in which such design concepts have been successfully applied.

Nanotechnology has emerged as a trending research area as its industrial uses continue to multiply. Some specific areas that have benefited from the dynamic properties of nanomaterials are high voltage electronics and electrical engineering. Nanoparticles have created new avenues for engineers to explore within these fields; however, significant research on this subject is lacking. Design and Investment of High Voltage NanoDielectrics is a collection of innovative research on the methods and application of nanoparticles in high voltage insulations and dielectric properties. This book discusses the wide array of uses nanoparticles have within high voltage electrics engineering and the diverse polymeric properties that nanomaterials help make prevalent. While highlighting topics including electrical degradation, magnetic materials, and fundamental polymers, this book is ideally designed for researchers, engineers, industry professionals, practitioners, scientists, managers, manufacturers, analysts, students, and educators seeking current research on the dielectric properties of modern nanocomposite materials.

Quality Management in Plastics Processing provides a structured approach to the techniques of quality management, also covering topics of relevance to plastics processors. The book's focus isn't just on implementation of formal quality systems, such as ISO 9001, but about real world, practical guidance in establishing good quality management. Ultimately, improved quality management delivers better products, higher customer satisfaction, increased sales, and reduced operation costs. The book helps practitioners who are wondering how to begin implementing quality management techniques in their business focus on key management and technical issues, including raw materials, processing, and operations. It is a roadmap for all company operations, from people, product design, sales/marketing, and production - all of which are impacted by, and involved in, the implementation of an effective quality management system. Readers in the plastics processing industry will find this comprehensive book to be a valuable resource.

This book is an in-depth treatment of the theoretical background relevant to an understanding of materials that can be obtained by using high-energy electron diffraction and microscopy.

Membrane techniques provide a broad science and technology base. Although there are several books in the traditional membrane field, there is a great need for a highly comprehensive book. This refereed book covers materials from highly respected researchers. This title is highly multidisciplinary in nature and should be extremely valuable to scientists and engineers involved in a variety of activities. Students and faculty members around the world will find this title to be an excellent reference book.
- Invited contributions from leading researchers in the field.
- Coverage of topic is of value to scientists/engineers working in a variety of related fields [separations/reactions, advanced biofunctional materials, contactor designs].
- Aims to fill market gap for a highly comprehensive book containing advances in both synthetic and biofunctional/bimimetic membranes.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the main nuclear characterization techniques used to study hydrogen absorption and desorption in materials. The various techniques (neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, ion-beams, positron annihilation spectroscopy) are explained in detail, and a variety of examples of recent research projects are given to show the unique advantage of these techniques to study hydrogen in materials. Most of these nuclear techniques require very specialized instrumentation, and there are only a handful of these instruments available worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this book is to reach out to a readership with a very diverse background in the physical sciences and engineering and a broad range of hydrogen-related research interests. The same technique can be used by researchers interested in the improvement of the performance of hydrogen storage materials and by those focused on hydrogen ingress causing embrittlement of metals. The emphasis of this book is to provide tutorial material on how to use nuclear characterization techniques for the investigation of hydrogen in materials - information that cannot readily be found in conference and regular research papers. Provides a comprehensive overview of nuclear techniques used for hydrogen-related research Explains all nuclear techniques in detail for the non-expert Covers the whole range of hydrogen-related research Features chapters written by world-renowned experts in nuclear technique and hydrogen-related research

Contents - PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION - PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION - INTRODUCTION - ABBREVIATIONS - 1. NATURAL WAXES - Mineral Waxes: Paraffin Wax; Microcrystalline Waxes; Petrolatum Wax; Ozokerite; Ceresin; Utah Wax; Montan Wax - Vegetable Waxes: Botanical Origin of Waxes - Solubility of Vegetable Waxes - Carnauba Wax - Flower Wax - First Wax - Medium Wax - Sandy Wax - Fat Wax - Candelilla Wax - Japan Wax - Ucuhuba Wax - 2. MANUFACTURED AND SYNTHETIC WAXES - Fatty Alcohols: Cetyl Alcohol; Lanette Wax; Technical Stearyl Alcohol - Fatty Acids: Stearic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Myristic Acid; Distilled Fatty Acids; Solubility of Fatty Acids - Polyglycols: Carbowaxes - Polyhydric Alcohol Fatty Acid Esters: Glyceryl Stearates - Glycol Fatty-Acid Esters - Sorbitol Stearates - Pentawaxes - Hydrogenated Oils: Opalwax - Chlorinated Naphthalenes: Halowax; Seekay Wax - Acrawaxes: Acrawax B; Acrawax C. - I. G. Waxes - Miscellaneous Synthetic Waxes - COMMERCIAL WAXES - Albacer - Diolin- Flexo Wax - C-Glyco Waxes- Stroba Wax - Ketones, Amines, Amides, and Nitriles- 16-Hentriacontanone - Octadecyl-Hexadecyl Amine - Octadecylamine- Armids- Octadecanamide-Hexadecanamide - Octadecane Nitrile-Octadecane-Hexadecane Nitrile - Santowaxes - Santowax R - Alcowaxes - Alcowax-M - Alcowax-G - 3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WAXES AND WAX COMPOSITIONS - Increasing the Viscosity of Molten Waxes - Penetration - Surface Tension of Waxes - Adhesiveness - Increasing Compatibility - Raising the Melting Point of Waxes: Raising the Melting Point of Petrolatum - Effects of a Wax Sizing on the Moisture Absorption of Insulating Board - Pliolite-Paraffin Wax Compositions - Specific Heat of Petroleum Waxes - Melting Points of Binary Wax Mixtures - Solubility of Waxes: Solubility of Waxes in Different Solvents - Compatibility of Paraffin Waxes with Other Substances - Compatibility of Mixed Fatty Acids - Compounded Waxes - 4. WAX TECHNOLOGY - Adulteration - Quality Variations Simple Tests: Melting Point - Specific Gravity - Moisture and Insoluble Matter - Accurate Determination of Specific Gravity: Preparation of Sample - Determination of Specific Gravity at 25/25 C - Identification of Mixed Waxes: Schematic Outline for Identification - Separation and Comparison of the Properties of the Wax Components - Spermaceti - Beeswax - Carnauba Wax - Candelilla Wax - Montan Wax - Paraffin Wax - Ozokerite - 5. WAXES IN INDUSTRY - Dental Waxes: Method of Producing Base-Plate Wax - Lipsticks - Pharmaceutical Preparations - Embalming Preparations - Pyrotechnics - Candles: Wicks- Winding- Candle Sizes - Machinery - Wax Candles - Paraffin Candles - Temperature Control-Colors, Sizes, and Shapes - Standard Candle - Melting Point of Wax Mixtures - Congealing Point of Candles - Leather Finishes - Paper Finishes - Waterproofing Kraft Papers - Evaluation of Waxes for Paper Board: Stain and Flow Test at 130 F - Softening and Melting Point - Flexibility and Strength - Viscosity - Surface Tension - Permeability - Degree of Impregnation - Effect of Wax on the Strength of Board - Electrolyte Penetration Test - 6. GLOSSARY - SPECIAL TABLES AND SUBSTITUTES 7. WAX FORMULARY - Adhesives and Cements - Agricultural and Garden Specialties - Building Materials- Carbon Paper, Inks, and Crayons - Cosmetics and Medicinal Preparations - Dental Preparations - Emulsions - Full TOC available on Website

This book gives an overview of the existing self-healing nanotextured vascular approaches. It describes the healing agents used in engineering self-healing materials as well as the fundamental physicochemical phenomena accompanying self-healing. This book also addresses the different fabrication methods used to form core-shell nanofiber mats. The fundamental theoretical aspects of fracture mechanics are outlined. A brief theoretical description of cracks in brittle elastic materials is given and the Griffith approach is introduced. The fracture toughness is described, including viscoelastic effects. Critical (catastrophic) and subcritical (fatigue) cracks and their growth are also described theoretically. The adhesion and cohesion energies are introduced as well, and the theory of the blister test for the two limiting cases of stiff and soft materials is developed. In addition, the effect of non-self-healing nanofiber mats on the toughening of ply surfaces in composites is discussed. The book also presents a brief description of the electrochemical theory of corrosion crack growth. All the above-mentioned phenomena are relevant in the context of self-healing materials.

This book highlights the processing, characterization and applications of various green composites. Composites are known for their unique properties, which are derived by combining two or more components. This yields properties such as greater strength and rigidity than that of the individual components, as well as reduced weight. To help achieve such outcomes, the book discusses the potential applications of hybrid bio-composites and sisal-fiber-reinforced epoxidized non-edible oil-based epoxy green composites.