The field of Corrosion Modelling has evolved tremendously since the first work was published in the early 1980's. Its initial application in the offshore industry has expanded to the point where modelling is applied in practically all application areas and the software has been developed to fulfil these needs. This book presents contributions from the most influential researchers and developers of corrosion modelling tools and users who apply the technology in their industry. Providing an excellent introduction to the state-of-the-art in computer modelling of corrosion and related electrochemical processes, this book will be of value to corrosion engineers and physicists, model developers and researchers.

Ceramics are a versatile material, more so than is widely known. They are thermal resistant, poor electrical conductors, insulators against nuclear radiation, and not easily damaged, making ceramics a key component in many industrial processes. MAX Phases and Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics for Extreme Environments investigates a new class of ultra-durable ceramic materials, which exhibit characteristics of both ceramics and metals. Readers will explore recent advances in the manufacturing of ceramic materials that improve their durability and other physical properties, enhancing their overall usability and cost-effectiveness. This book will be of primary use to researchers, academics, and practitioners in chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering. This book is part of the Research Essentials collection.

Gene therapy as a potential method for the treatment of genetic disorders and other malignancies, as well as the treatment of many cancers, has attracted a great amount of attention in recent years. Current research focuses on stable and smart drug/gene-delivery systems, including controlled release. Nanoparticle (NP)-Based Delivery Vehicles looks at smart nanostructures and how these are considered a promising approach when applied to drug- and gene-delivery systems, in addition to how to solve the problems related to the inefficient transfer of medication to the affected cells.

Advancement in the field of nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of medicines and pharmaceuticals in the 20th century. The proper use of nanomaterials in medical applications requires a proper understanding of these compounds. This correct understanding, beyond the physical and chemical properties, must also have the correct logic of use. In other words, the strategic use of nanomaterials with applicable perspective can also help to advance research, but if we go forward with the current research perspective that leads to the expansion of inapplicable researches, the intrinsic importance of using these nanomaterials is eliminated. This book, considering the importance of nanomaterials and their application in medicine, as well as the significant growth of biomaterials in research fields, introduces the variables law (Rabiee's theory) for the implementation of this research and the establishment of a proper strategy. It should be noted that in addition to observing biocompatibility tests for a biomaterial based on existing protocols and standards, the Applicable Compatibility (AC) parameter is also required in accordance with Rabiee's theory. This book is written in accordance with Rabiee's theory and the contents of this book should be evaluated from this perspective.

This work is a classic reference text for metallurgists, material scientists and crystallographers. The first edition was published in 1965. The first part of that edition was revised and re-published in 1975 and again in 1981. The present two-part set represents the eagerly awaited full revision by the author of his seminal work, now published as Parts I and II.

Professor Christian was one of the founding fathers of materials science and highly respected worldwide. The new edition of his book deserves a place on the bookshelf of every materials science and engineering department.

Suitable thermal and mechanical treatments will produce extensive rearrangements of the atoms in metals and alloys, and corresponding marked variations in physical and chemical properties. This book describes how such changes in the atomic configuration are effected, and discusses the associated kinetic and crystallographic features. It deals with areas such as lattice geometry, point defects, dislocations, stacking faults, grain and interphase boundaries, solid solutions, diffusion, etc. The first part covers the general theory while the second part is concerned with descriptions of specific types of transformations.

This book offers a concise primer on energy conversion efficiency and the Shockley-Queisser limit in single p-n junction solar cells. It covers all the important fundamental physics necessary to understand the conversion efficiency, which is indispensable in studying, investigating, analyzing, and designing solar cells in practice. As such it is valuable as a supplementary text for courses on photovoltaics, and bridges the gap between advanced topics in solar cell device engineering and the fundamental physics covered in undergraduate courses. The book first introduces the principles and features of solar cells compared to those of chemical batteries, and reviews photons, statistics and radiation as the physics of the source energy. Based on these foundations, it clarifies the conversion efficiency of a single p-n junction solar cell and discusses the Shockley-Queisser limit. Furthermore, it looks into various concepts of solar cells for breaking through the efficiency limit given in the single junction solar cell and presents feasible theoretical predictions. To round out readers' knowledge of p-n junctions, the final chapter also reviews the essential semiconductor physics. The foundation of solar cell physics and engineering provided here is a valuable resource for readers with no background in solar cells, such as upper undergraduate and master students. At the same time, the deep insights provided allow readers to step seamlessly into other advanced books and their own research topics.

For many years it was believed that translational symmetry would be the fundamental property of crystal structures of natural and synthetic compounds. It is now recognised that many compounds crystallise without translational symmetry of their atomic structures. "Incommensurate Crystallography" gives a comprehensive account of the superspace theory for the description of crystal structures and symmetries of these incommensurately modulated crystals and incommensurate composite crystals. It thus provides the necessary background for quantitative analysis of incommensurate crystals by methods in Solid State Chemistry and Solid State Physics. The second half of "Incommensurate Crystallography" is devoted to crystallographic methods of structural analysis of incommensurate compounds. Thorough accounts are given of the diffraction by incommensurate crystals, the choice of parameters in structure refinements, and the use of superspace in analysing crystal structures. The presentation of methods of structure determination includes modern methods like the Maximum Entropy Method and Charge Flipping.

Electrical Conductivity in Polymer-Based Composites: Experiments, Modelling and Applications offers detailed information on all aspects of conductive composites. These composites offer many benefits in comparison to traditional conductive materials, and have a broad range of applications, including electronic packaging, capacitors, thermistors, fuel cell devices, dielectrics, piezoelectric functions and ferroelectric memories. Sections cover the theory of electrical conductivity and the different categories of conductive composites, describing percolation threshold, tunneling effect and other phenomena in the field. Subsequent chapters present thorough coverage of the key phases in the development and use of conductive composites, including manufacturing methods, external parameters, applications, modelling and testing methods. This is an essential source of information for materials scientists and engineers working in the fields of polymer technology, processing and engineering, enabling them to improve manufacture and testing methods, and to benefit fully from applications. The book also provides industrial and academic researchers with a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of conductive composites and related issues.

Computational Modelling of Nanoparticles highlights recent advances in the power and versatility of computational modelling, experimental techniques, and how new progress has opened the door to a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of the world of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles, having dimensions of 100 nanometers or less, are increasingly being used in applications in medicine, materials and manufacturing, and energy. Spanning the smallest sub-nanometer nanoclusters to nanocrystals with diameters of 10s of nanometers, this book provides a state-of-the-art overview on how computational modelling can provide, often otherwise unobtainable, insights into nanoparticulate structure and properties. This comprehensive, single resource is ideal for researchers who want to start/improve their nanoparticle modelling efforts, learn what can be (and what cannot) achieved with computational modelling, and understand more clearly the value and details of computational modelling efforts in their area of research.

Acetylenic precursors are important reactants for creating carbon-based architectures via linkage reactions. While their capability of forming intermolecular bonds is well investigated in solution, very few systematic studies have been carried out to create alkyne-based nanostructures on metal substrates under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Synthesizing extended and regular carbon scaffolds requires a detailed knowledge of alkyne chemistry in order to control reaction pathways and limit unwanted side reactions. Using the bottom-up approach on metal surfaces, the authors establish protocols to fabricate regular architectures built up by the on-surface formation of selective organometallic and C-C bonds with thoughtfully designed alkyne-functionalized monomers. The structural and functional properties of the resulting organometallic and covalent nanostructures are characterized by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. The results open up new perspectives in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis and the on-surface synthesis of functional interfaces under mild reaction conditions.

This book describes rubber nanocomposites and their applications in the automobile sector. Newly developed nanofibres and nanofinished textiles, with their novel characteristics and various applications in next-generation automobiles, are also discussed. Lastly, a comprehensive evaluation and overview of the impact of nanotechnology on the textiles in automobile industries are presented.

Nanocarbon and Its Composites: Preparation, Properties and Applications provides a detailed and comprehensive review of all major innovations in the field of nanocarbons and their composites, including preparation, properties and applications. Coverage is broad and quite extensive, encouraging future research in carbon-based materials, which are in high demand due to the need to develop more sustainable, recyclable and eco-friendly methods for materials. Chapters are written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the globe who discuss the properties and applications of carbon-based materials, such as nanotubes (buckytubes), fullerenes, cones, horns, rods, foams, nanodiamonds and carbon black, and much more. Chapters provide cutting-edge, up-to-date research findings on the use of carbon-based materials in different application fields and illustrate how to achieve significant enhancements in physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties.

Wearables, Smart Textiles & Smart Apparel, the first book of its kind on the topic, is divided into two major themes, wearables that are part of the large textile family and those that are not. It provides a broad overview of topics, markets, applications, benefits, fears and technologies, also emphasizing the industrial economics and costs, etc. As the wearables market continues to grow, making inroads in classic clothing, luxury, medical and professional use, and in protection and accessories like sports bracelets, watches, glasses, fashion or sports shoes, etc., this book helps users understand the technology and its future in industry.

"Nanoporous Materials III" contains the invited lectures and peer-reviewed oral and poster contributions to be presented at the 3rd Conference on Nanoporous Materials, which will be hosted in Ottawa, Canada, June 2002. The work covers complementary approaches to and recent advances in the field of nanostructured materials with pore sizes larger than 1nm, such as periodic mesoporous molecular sieves M41S and FSM16 and related materials including clays, carbon molecular sieves, colloidal crystal templated organic and inorganic materials, porous polymers and sol gels. The broad range of topics covered in relation to the synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous materials are of great importance for advanced adsorption, catalytic and separation processes as well as the development of nanotechnology.

The contents of this title are based on topics to be discussed by invited lecturers, which deal with periodic mesoporous organosilicas, stability and catalytic activity of aluminosilicate mesostructures, electron microscopy studies of ordered materials, imprinted polymers and highly porous metal-organic frameworks. The other contributions deal with tailoring the surface and structural properties of nanoporous materials, giving a detailed characterization as well as demonstrating their usefulness for advanced adsorption and catalytic applications.

This new book clarifies and quantifies many of the technical interactions in the process. It distinguishes itself from other books on the subject by being a seamless story of the advanced aspects of the rotational molding process. There are seven chapters within the book.

The U.S. market for rotational molding products was one billion pounds in the year 2000. The growth of the rotational molding industry has grown at 10 to 15% per year. With this growth has come an increasing need for details on the complex, technical aspects of the process.

Key Features:

-Clarifies and quantifies many of the technical interactions in the rotational molding process.

-Seamless story of the advanced aspects of the process.

This publication discusses the theoretical aspects of absorbency as well as the structure, properties and performance of materials. The chapters are arranged in an approach for the reader to advance progressively through fundamental theories of absorbency to more practical aspects of the technology. Topics covered include scientific principles of absorbency and structure property relationships; material technology including super absorbents, non-woven, natural and synthetic fibres and surfactants; absorbency measurement techniques and technology perspective. The reader is provided with current status information on technology and is also informed on important developments within the field.

This book highlights Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as a viable alternative to the Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), which have been used as desalination plant energy sources. SMRs have lower investment costs, inherent safety features, and increased availability compared to NPPs. The unique and innovative approach to implementation of SMRs as part of Gen-IV technology outlined in this book contributes to the application of nuclear power as a supplementary source to renewable energy. Discusses Gen-IV Power plants, their efficiency, cost effectiveness, safety, and methods to supply renewable energy; Presents Small Modular Reactors as a viable alternative to Nuclear Power Plants; Describes the benefits, uses, safety features, and challenges related to implementation of Small Modular Reactors.

Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications explores the use of novel nanomaterials in the industrial arena. The book covers nanomaterials and the techniques that can play vital roles in many industrial procedures, such as increasing sensitivity, magnifying precision and improving production limits. In addition, the book stresses that these approaches tend to provide green, sustainable solutions for industrial developments. Finally, the legal, economical and toxicity aspects of nanomaterials are covered in detail, making this is a comprehensive, important resource for anyone wanting to learn more about how nanomaterials are changing the way we create products in modern industry.

Direct-Write Technologies covers applications, materials, and the techniques in using direct-write technologies. This book provides an overview of the different direct write techniques currently available, as well as a comparison between the strengths and special attributes for each of the techniques. The techniques described open the door for building prototypes and testing materials. The book also provides an overview of the state-of-the-art technology involved in this field. Basic academic researchers and industrial development engineers who pattern thin film materials will want to have this text on their shelves as a resource for specific applications. Others in this or related fields will want the book to read the introductory material summarizing isuses common to all approaches, in order to compare and contrast different techniques. Everyday applications include electronic components and sensors, especially chemical and biosensors.
There is a wide range of research and development problems requiring state-of-the-art direct write tools. This book will appeal to basic researchers and development engineers in university engineering departments and at industrial and national research laboratories. This text should appeal equally well in the United States, Asia, and Europe.
Both basic academic researchers and industrial development engineers who pattern thin film materials will want to have this text on their shelves as a resource for specific applications.
This book provides
An overview of the different direct write techniques currently available
A comparison between the strengths and special attributes for each of the techniques
An overview of the state-of-the-art technology involved in this field.

Nanomaterials for Magnetic and Optical Hyperthermia Applications focuses on the design, fabrication and characterization of nanomaterials (magnetic, gold and hybrid magnetic-gold nanoparticles) for in vitro and in vivo hyperthermia applications, both as standalone and adjuvant therapy in combination with chemotherapy. The book explores the potential for more effective cancer therapy solutions through the synergistic use of nanostructured materials as magnetic and optical hyperthermia agents and targeted drug delivery vehicles, while also discussing the challenges related to their toxicity, regulatory and translational aspects. In particular, the book focuses on the design, synthesis, biofunctionalization and characterization of nanomaterials employed for magnetic and optical hyperthermia. This book will be an important reference resource for scientists working in the areas of biomaterials and biomedicine seeking to learn about the potential of nanomaterials to provide hyperthermia solutions.

This is the first book that can be considered a textbook on thin film science, complete with exercises at the end of each chapter. Ohring has contributed many highly regarded reference books to the AP list, including Reliability and Failure of Electronic Materials and the Engineering Science of Thin Films. The knowledge base is intended for science and engineering students in advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate level courses on thin films and scientists and engineers who are entering or require an overview of the field.
Since 1992, when the book was first published, the field of thin films has expanded tremendously, especially with regard to technological applications. The second edition will bring the book up-to-date with regard to these advances. Most chapters have been greatly updated, and several new chapters have been added.