The seismic evaluation and retrofit of water transmission infrastructure is an area of growing concern to utilities that own large water conveyance systems. Many water and power utilities today rely heavily on water transmission structures built in the 1930s or earlier without regard to seismic design. Today, utilities are finding that these facilities are threatened by many seismic hazards including liquefaction, landslides, surface faulting and ground shaking. If these facilities are not seismically strengthened, they pose a significant threat to the utility's ability to provide water for customer service, for fire fighting purposes after major earthquakes, or to supply hydroelectric facilities. This book provides guidelines for the seismic evaluation and retrofit of water transmission infrastructure, including aqueducts, tunnels, canals, buried pipelines, elevated pipelines and their appurtenances. The current state of the practice in seismically strengthening these key facilities is covered, as well as past performance during earthquakes, performance criteria, risk analysis, and analysis methods. Case studies address seismic designs and retrofits for the Mokelumne Aqueduct, the Contra Costa Canal, the Borel Canal, buried pipes at fault crossings, and auxiliary water fighting systems. These case studies examine the technical, geotechnical and structural disciplines, as well as post-earthquake operations, financial issues and benefits of seismic retrofits.

As required by law, a complete and effective training program for the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)-or "HazCom"-awaits trainers and consultants in this package. Issued by OSHA in 1983, and updated in 1994, HCS requires evaluation of the hazards of all chemicals produced or imported-and transmission of hazard information to employers and employees. The HazCom Training Program provides essential information to conduct HazCom classes, including a case-bound instructor's manual, plus a CD-ROM with PowerPoint (TM) files containing the employee handbook and slides for formal presentations. The employee handbook - highly comprehensive and illustrated with elegant drawings - is printable from the CD-ROM in any quantity needed. It contains information about: - legal obligations of chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors as well as employers and employees - interpretation and application of information contained in Material Safety Data Sheets and labels - indicators of erroneous or poor quality information, lack of disclosure of required information, and lack of compliance with HazCom by manufacturers, importers and distributors - strategies for obtaining more information, using consumer products in the workplace, complying with HazCom regardbing hazardous chemicals whose identity is a trade secret and communicating hazard information about highly emotional subjects such as cancer, birth defects and reproductive effects The material is adaptable to all knowledge levels, contains information not covered in formal schooling, and is flexible enough to be presented in many different ways, ranging from tailgate discussion of selected topics for self-study by the employee.

This dictionary consists of some 25,000 headwords in both French and English, drawn from all the major areas in the field of environmental technology including: air quality control, analysis, sampling and measurement, environmental policy and legal instruments, environmentally related safety engineering, general environmental management, marine pollution, noise pollution and control, soil contamination and remediation, water pollution and wastewater treatment, water supply and drinking water, and waste treatment and management.

Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation addresses the increasingly important topic of waste treatment. Focusing on microbiological degradation of contaminants, it offers a representative picture of the current status of environmental biotechnology and lays a solid foundation of the methods and applications of bioremediation. The expert presentations of case studies in this new book demonstrate successful treatment schemes and technologies meeting regulatory standards. These case studies represent an international cross-section of strategies for developing and implementing the evolving technologies of bioremediation. Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation examines the primary waste streams, including air, water, soils, and sediments, and explores specific treatment methodologies for industrial and environmental contaminants. This broad and unique coverage allows treatment firms and regulatory authorities to determine and develop appropriate treatment strategies for site-specific problems of waste remediation. The observations and successful field applications compiled in Biotechnology in Industrial Waste Treatment and Bioremediation make it an excellent reference for understanding, evaluating, developing, and operating efficient and cost-effective full-scale treatment systems.

Implementing a Stormwater Management Program presents a four-step, common-sense approach that describes how to create and implement a successful stormwater management program. Guidelines, concepts, techniques, and thought-provoking questions are included for all phases of program development, including problem identification, program conception and creation, and final implementation. Discover the fundamental elements of policy creation, institutional planning, technical planning, financial planning, and public involvement and awareness. Find out how to implement the shell program and component parts such as operation and maintenance programs and capital improvement plans. Guidance in the legal aspects of stormwater programs and keys to success are also provided. The book will be an essential reference tool for environmental consultants, municipal engineers, regulatory officials, elected officials, and stormwater program managers.

In considering strait crossings, papers in this text deal with bridges, tunnels, immersed tunnels, submerged floating tunnels, floating bridges, ferry crossings in general, and social and environmental aspects.

This text presents up-to-date knowledge regarding lowlands, which are lands affected by fluctuating water levels. By collating and examining relevant information concerning lowlands in one volume, this text should be of use to engineers, planners, managers, administrators and scientists.

Numerical methods provide a powerful and essential tool for the solution of problems of water resources. This book gives an elementary introduction to the various methods in current use and demonstrates that different methods work well in different situations and some problems require combinations of methods. It is essential to know something of all of them in order to make a reasoned judgement of current practice. Their applications are discussed and more specialised versions are outlined along with many references making this an invaluable, comprehensive coverage of the field.

Examines dumpers of hazardous waste as criminals, comparing their behavior to other criminals. Finds a fairly unusual environment, in which the intensity, duration, and methods of the crime are determined by opportunities in the legitimate marketplace, rather than by a crime syndicate. Annotation co

This much-needed book provides an enlightening perspective on the environmental and human health impacts of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Over 100 tables and figures allows speedy access to important data you will refer to again and again. The comprehensive text assesses the human health risks associated with exposure to facility emitted pollutants-especially the highly toxic dioxin. It includes an evaluation of multipathway (inhalation and food chain) exposures. This essential publication also evaluates facility emissions, plausible air concentrations, the potential for deposition of pollutants onto plant, soil, and water surfaces, the movement and accumulation of pollutants through environmental media, and the potential for human exposure. Health Effects of Municipal Waste Incineration is an up-to-date volume which encourages readers to formulate opinions about some of the fundamental issues affecting the management of municipal solid waste. Anyone involved with environmental science, hazardous waste, toxicology, risk analysis and/or environmental engineering will certainly value and utilize this well-written resource.

This fascinating work is divided into two main sections. Part I reviews the basic principles of water movement in channels and the mass balance approach common to most models. It also covers the practical usefulness, model peer review, and guidance on model selection and calibration. Part II discusses flow simulation and prediction of time of travel, dye tracing and mixing, heat balance and temperature modeling, and reaeration and volatilization. This interesting, easy-to-read volume includes comprehensive reviews for the use of fluorescent water tracing dyes, longitudinal dispersion, evaporation and wind speed functions, prediction of saturation concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and reaeration coefficients. This book furnishes the reader with appendices which provide a synopsis of available computer models and gives a comprehensive listing of methods used to measure flow rates in rivers, tributaries, and pipes and channels introducing wastewaters into streams. This volume is a valuable, indispensable reference for all researchers, instructors, students in advanced environmental modeling courses, and practicing engineers.

Dneprostroi, a dam and power plant that was one of the most monumental construction projects of the Bolsheviks' First Five-Year Plan, was a milestone in American-Soviet cooperation and the fruit of the labor of more than 60,000 workers. Little known in the West, Dneprostroi was famous in the USSR--as the largest earth dam in Europe in the 1930s, it represented the first of the giant projects so favored by Stalin. Anne Rassweiler's informative history of this project reveals new aspects of the struggle between Trotsky and Stalin, the debate on the use of foreign advisers, the importance of foreign technology, and the devastating effects of collectivization on the industrial projects of the First Five-Year Plan. Her study also provides insight into the entry of women into the industrial work force and the interaction between party leaders, party membership, and enterprise officials as they sought to realize one of the most ambitious projects in Soviet history.

A collection of articles on Design Load for Water Supply in Buildings originally published in 1989.

This book starts by laying out the dozens of specific tasks that waterworks operators must know, both to do their job and to achieve certification. After a review of basic math, the volume explains the fundamentals of how water is pumped, stored, and treated and provides the formulas and calculations for monitoring and controlling water flow in multiple plant operations. The book goes into the practical execution of every unit of operation in water treatment from intake to distribution, including: screening, mixing, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, biosolids removal, filtration, disinfection, and distribution. At every stage, special attention is paid to chemical and other data that operators require to carry out processes and testing, as well as maintain infrastructure. In addition to dozens of worked problems, each chapter includes a review test containing questions similar to those on licensure exams. In one down-to-earth and clearly written source, this book gives readers the vocabulary, the math, the applied chemistry, and the operational know-how to deliver clean, safe water for distribution and at the same time to advance in his or her career. Features of the book include: Key information for water treatment operator certification and licensure, relevant data and questions for passing tests in all US states, explanations of basic math and chemistry in terms of what operators do on a daily basis, step-by-step coverage of unit operations, Reviews important material on water sources, watersheds, EPA regulations, contaminant removal, safety, and more.

This book gives plant operators and students of wastewater a simple and math-based introduction to all major unit processes in the modern wastewater treatment plant. Written with plant personnel in mind, the book furnishes easy-to-understand explanations of each step in treating wastewater-from screening, through sedimentation and settling, to activated sludge. The work is designed for operators and managers to run plants and to advance their careers by passing state licensure exams. Sample questions and problems in the text have been selected to prepare for operator examinations. Each chapter of the book is devoted to fully clarifying a unit process, and includes sample questions and problems. The book opens with a review of math, as this is applied to wastewater calculations. Many sample problems throughout give the reader an opportunity to practice and apply math formulas in realistic wastewater situations. Step-by-step descriptions of math problems show the reader how to arrive at the correct answer. The Chapter lineup has been preserved in this edition. Many practical tips and sample quizzes are furnished to help operators studying on their own and in courses. Written in a readable, non-technical style, this text is designed to explain wastewater technologies using down-to-earth approaches comprehensible to students. At the same time, it provides complete definitions of the key technical terms a wastewater operator needs to know. Some of the highlights of the book include: Updated format and edited for clarity. Wastewater technologies and math presented in basic, understandable terms. Clear, full explanations of unit processes from screening to activated sludge. Math review focused on wastewater plant and licensure test calculations. Questions and quizzes designed for exam preparation. Numerous drawings and solved problems illustrating key ideas.

This volume explains how land treatment works and then delves into the technical improvements that have increased the viability of land treatment in general, including phytoremediation; vadose-zone monitoring; new types of surface irrigation such as center-pivot, drip and micro-sprinklers; and aquifer recharge and land subsidence strategies. In terms of operation, the book offers updated information on soil and aquifer management and provides a rational model for balancing oxygen uptake with BOD loadings. A special feature is that it demonstrates the use of land application to treat industrial wastewater. Supplemented by data and research on stream ecology, Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters also includes analyses of risks to the environment of land treatment methods, compared to risks associated with other wastewater treatment methods. Throughout, the book maintains a focus on the financial and energy costs of land treatment. Resource and land planners, watershed managers, regulators and wastewater and utility managers will find the book useful. Some of the highlights of the book include: Presents the advantages of using land application methods for purifying wastewater, rainwater and run-of. Describes how land application methods work and how new technologies enhance the advantages land treatment provides. Includes discussion of phytoremediation, vadose-zone monitoring, new types of surface irrigation, aquifer recharge and land subsidence strategies. Offers an example of using land application to treat industrial wastewater. Includes analyses of risks to the environment compared to risks associated with other wastewater treatment methods.

The aim of this book is to present the potential benefits as well as the challenges of introducing a more formal economic regulatory process into the urban water sector arena in lower-income countries. There is a particular focus upon the impact this may have on the poorest, the informal, slum and shanty dwellers of the rapidly growing cities. Economic regulation, usually introduced in the context of private operation of monopoly water supply, can deliver objectivity and transparency in the price-setting process for public providers also. But this is not, as is commonly assumed, primarily to protect the customer from the provider; rather it is to allow the service provider to set something approaching cost-reflective tariffs. These charges, almost certainly higher than previously, perversely can benefit the poor who have been paying far more for informal access to any piped supplies. With the addition of a regulatory duty to achieve some form of adaptive Universal Service Obligation, economic regulation could contribute significantly to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in urban areas.The book describes and analyzes these issues through a consideration of ten country case studies. As a starting point, the current situation for the provision of water and sanitation services for the poorest through non-regulated public providers in India and Uganda is reviewed. Comparative chapters are then presented on Argentina, Ghana, Philippines, Bolivia, Jordan, Zambia and Indonesia, all with varying degrees of private sector involvement and regulation. Finally, the experiences of the two richest countries, Chile and England, are considered, investigating service to the poor inthese examples with the longest experience of economic regulation and the "most privatized" suppliers. In all cases there is a focus on the very necessary role of customer involvement in price-setting and service monitoring and on the role of alternative (private) service providers within the context of the need for least cost utility service provision to all.

The presence of cyanide is a significant issue in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment and management, in remediation of former manufactured gas plant sites and aluminum production waste disposal sites, in treatment and management of residuals from hydrometallurgical gold mining, and in other industrial operations in which cyanide-bearing wastes were produced. The complexity of the chemistry and toxicology of cyanide and the risk it poses in different environmental contexts make its management and remediation extremely challenging. Cyanide in Water and Soil is the first book to present the state-of-the-art in managing cyanide across a wide range of industrial and environmental contexts.

The book brings together current knowledge and information about cyanide release to and behavior in the environment, and explores how to control or remediate these releases. No other broad-based examination of this topic exists. Exploring the anthropogenic and natural sources of cyanide in the environment, the authors address the full range of issues pertaining to cyanide fate, transport, treatment, and toxicity in water and soil as well as approaches currently used in risk assessment and management. They have developed a careful balance of depth and scope of coverage, providing current references that help readers learn more about topics of particular interest.

An array of technologies is available for the treatment of cyanide in surface water and groundwater, wastewaters, and contaminated soils and sludges. These technologies span the gamut of biological, chemical, electrolytic, physical, and thermal treatment processing. Presenting examples of applications of the technologies employedmost commonly in municipal and industrial settings, the book is a useful reference tool for engineers, scientists, practitioners, and researchers in academia, industrial organizations, government, and engineering and science consulting firms.

These articles focus on methods for optimizing the effectiveness of microorganisms for biodegradation. This volume includes discussions of the biodegradation and toxicity of PAH-, PCP-, PCB-, and BTEX-contaminated soil and aqueous sediments. Both bench-scale and pilot-scale studies deal with microbial issues such as surfactant-enhanced aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, nutrient addition and bioavailability, and various dispersion techniques. Selected case studies include discussions on pre-culture and consortium biodegradation of various petroleum hydrocarbons.

This volume emphasizes pilot- and field-scale applications of bioremediation technology for petroleum hydrocarbon and chlorinated solvent contamination. Described are a variety of biological process units used to treat hazardous waste aerobic bioreactors, fluidized-bed reactors, fixed-film bioreactors for chlorinated solvent treatment, rotating biological contactors, slurry-phase bioreactors, biopile systems for treating ethylbenzene- and styrene-contaminated soils, microbial mats, and biofilters for VOC treatment.

Hazardous waste incineration technologies have been developed to meet the needs of a rapidly growing market that has been created by the proliferation of hazardous waste in modern society. These hazardous wastes are continuously produced as by-products of many industries. Vast stockpiles of hazardous or toxic wastes are currently residing in insecure landfills, thus imperiling our drinking water supplies. This handbook is written with the user in mind. An in-depth review of regulatory and technical requirements is presented with later sections regarding permitting and operation of incineration facilities. A comprehensive description of established and emerging incinerator technologies is included along with a number of alternatives. One of the key sections involves a detailed procedure for choosing an incinerator for a specific job, including engineering calculations and going through the bid process. Rationale for whether to buy or lease incineration equipment is included as well as details on trial burns, permitting strategies, and startup and operation of incinerators. A number of typical case histories of incinerators are presented for such diverse applications as cleaning up individual sites with transportable units, stationary facilities for in-house wastes, and incinerator ships. Appendices provide a convenient reference to physical properties, combustion parameters, detailed equipment performance nomographs and several sample permits including RCRA, TSCA and local permit applications. In summary, this handbook provides a single reference point for the potential user of an incinerator as well as a valuable source of design data for incinerator vendors, consultants and regulators.

This report presents the institutional progress made in selected member countries towards achieving sanitation goals, as reported in an ESCAP-led survey. Institutional progress consists of changes in administrative, legal and financial rules and practices that have been made with sanitation goals in mind. It also includes the 'slow-moving' institutions, which are social norms and practices, general awareness of the public and the ensuing demand for sanitation services.

Keynote speakers: L P Duffy, D L Ray & E Teller.

The aim of this review series is to present critical commentaries on knowledge in the field of coastal and ocean engineering. Each article will review and illuminate the development of the scientific understanding of a specific engineering topic. Critical reviews on engineering designs and practices in different countries will also be included. The first volume of the review series is a collection of five papers reviewing a wide range of research topics in coastal engineering.The first paper, written by Yeh, discusses one of the fundamental issues concerning many fluid flow problems, namely, free surface boundary conditions. In the second paper, a survey on another boundary dynamics, the seafloor dynamics is presented. Foda reviews recent studies on the nonlinear wave energy transfer into the seabed and different modes of wave-induced sediment fluidization processes in cohesive as well as in noncohesive seabeds. Several issues concerning the interactions between sediment deposit and marine structures, such as pipeline and breakwater, are also briefly reviewed. One of the active research areas in modeling wave propagation is the construction of a unified model which is valid from deep water to shallow water. Liu discusses several existing models. The sediment movement in the surf zone is a complex system. It can usually be decomposed into the longshore and the cross-shore components. Dean focused his discussion on the cross-shore sediment transport process. In the last paper, van der Meer presents a comprehensive review of the design consideration for a rubble mound breakwater. Both hydraulic and structural responses are discussed. Design formulas and graphs are presented, which can be used for a conceptual design of rubble mount breakwater.