In May 1995 a meeting took place at the Manchester Metropolitan Uni versity, UK, with the title International Workshop on Numerical Methods for Wave Propagation Phenomena. The Workshop, which was attended by 60 scientists from 13 countries, was preceded by a short course enti tled High-Resolution Numerical Methods for Wave Propagation Phenom ena. The course participants could then join the Workshop and listen to discussions of the latest work in the field led by experts responsible for such developments. The present volume contains written versions of their contributions from the majority of the speakers at the Workshop. Professor Amiram Harten, but for his untimely death at the age of 50 years, would have been one of the speakers at the Workshop. His remarkable contributions to Numerical Analysis of Conservation Laws are commemo rated in this volume, which includes the text of the First Harten Memorial Lecture, delivered by Professor P. L. Roe from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbour, USA."

In the early 1990s, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center started researching and developing autonomous and autonomic ground and spacecraft control systems for future NASA missions. This research started by experimenting with and developing expert systems to automate ground station software and reduce the number of people needed to control a spacecraft. This was followed by research into agent-based technology to develop autonomous ground c- trol and spacecraft. Research into this area has now evolved into using the concepts of autonomic systems to make future space missions self-managing and giving them a high degree of survivability in the harsh environments in which they operate. This book describes much of the results of this research. In addition, it aimstodiscusstheneededsoftwaretomakefutureNASAspacemissionsmore completelyautonomousandautonomic.Thecoreofthesoftwareforthesenew missions has been written for other applications or is being applied gradually in current missions, or is in current development. It is intended that this book should document how NASA missions are becoming more autonomous and autonomic and should point to the way of making future missions highly - tonomous and autonomic. What is not covered is the supporting hardware of these missions or the intricate software that implements orbit and at- tude determination, on-board resource allocation, or planning and scheduling (though we refer to these technologies and give references for the interested reader).

In this and a following issue (Vol. VIII, 1962, Fasc. 2-3) of "Astronautica Acta" there will appear the papers presented at the first international symposium sponsored by the International Academy of Astronautics of the International Astronautical Federation. The theme of the meeting was "Space Flight and Re-Entry Trajectories." It was held at Louveciennes outside of Paris on June 19-21, 1961. Sixteen papers by authors from nine countries were presented; attendees numbered from 80 to 100. The organizing committee for the symposium was as follows: Prof. PAUL A. LIBBY, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, U.S.A., Chairman; Prof. LuiGI BROGLIO, University of Rome, Italy; Prof. B. FRAEIJS DE VEUBEKE, University of Liege, Belgium; Dr. D. G. KING-HELE, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Rants, United Kingdom; Prof. J. M. J. KooY, Royal Military School, Breda, Netherlands; Prof. JEAN KovALEVSKY, Bureau des Longitudes, Paris, France; Prof. RuDOLF PESEK, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechoslovakia. The detailed arrangements for the meeting were made in a most satisfactory manner by Dr. FRANK J. MALINA, Deputy Director of IAA and Mr. A. R. WEILLER, Acting Secretary of IAA. Prof. THEODORE VON KARMAN, Director of IAA, in his remarks closing the symposium indicated his satisfaction at the interest being shown in "the science of the future." The papers which follow will make a permanent contribution to the literature of this science.

"Systems of Commercial Turbofan Engines" gives the reader information about the operation of the engine systems, its components and the terminology used throughout the industry. The engine systems are explained by the use of examples from today's engines. So the readers, from aircraft mechanics to commercial pilot, become familiar with the current technology in this field and attains a deeper knowledge of the systems of commercial turbofan engines.

To understand the operation of gas turbine engines used in aircraft, it is not enough to understand the basic operation of a gas turbine. It is also necessary to understand the operation and the design of its auxiliary systems. This book is an introduction into the systems of modern commercial aircraft gas turbine engines. It is made for the reader who is familiar with the basic operation of aircraft gas turbine engine.

T. Ito, International Space University, Strasbourg Central Campus, 1 Rue Jean Dominique Cassini, Parc d'Innovation, 67400 lllkirch-Graffenstaden, France e-mail: ito@isu. isunet. edu M. J. Rycroft, CAESAR Consultancy, 35 Millington Road, Cambridge CB3 9HW, UK e-mail: Michael. J. Rycroft (R)ukgateway. net As Symposium Committee Chair for the 2003 International Space University (ISU) Symposium, and Editor of this Proceedings volume, respectively, we write this introduction. The success of previous ISU symposia suggests that the ISU has developed a unique and winning formula for a novel type of symposium. The characteristics of ISU symposia are that they: * Adopt a broad, and interdisciplinary, perspective * Address all aspects of the subject, ranging from policy, business, organisational, and legal issues to technical and scientific topics * Foster a constructive dialogue among very different sectors of the space community, and * Allow ample time for interactive discussions. The present Symposium is no exception. It considers the very timely topic of space-based systems for global positioning and navigation, ranging from the GPS system developed by the US military to the Russian GLONASS system, and on to the future European Galileo system. Other nations are planning regional augmentation systems.

Development is challenged by, at least until 2050, a strong population, more severe environmental strains, growing mobility, and dwindling energy resources. All these factors will lead to serious consequences for humankind. Inadequate agricultural resources, water supply and non renewable energy sources, epidemics, climate change, and natural disasters will further heavily impact human life. The European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) sheds a new light on threats, risks and sustainability by combining approaches from various disciplines. It analyzes what could be the contribution of space tools to predict, manage and mitigate those threats. It aims at demonstrating that space is not a niche but has become an overarching tool in solving today's problems.

This work investigates the permissibility and viability of property rights on the - lestial bodies, particularly the extraterrestrial aspects of land and mineral resources ownership. In lay terms, it aims to ?nd an answer to the question "Who owns the Moon?" The ?rst chapter critically analyses and dismantles with legal arguments the issue of sale of extraterrestrial real estate, after having perused some of the trivial claims of celestial bodies ownership. The only consequence these claims have on the plane of space law is to highlight the need for a better regulation of extraterrestrial landed property rights. Next, thebook addresses theapparent silenceofthelawinthe?eldofextraterr- trial landed property, scrutinizing whether the factual situation on the extraterrestrial realms calls for legal regulations. The sources of law are examined in their dual dimension - that is, the facts that have caused and shaped the law of extraterrestrial real estate, and the norms which express this law. It is found that the norms and rules regarding property rights in the celestial realms are rather limited, failing to de?ne basic concepts such as celestial body.

TheseriesAdvancesinIndustrialControl aimsto reportandencouragete- nologytransferincontrolengineering.Therapiddevelopmentofcontrolte- nology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies, new challenges. Much of this devel- ment work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the - ports of advanced collaborative projects. The series o?ers an opportunity for researchersto present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. Autonomy for aerial, land, and marine (surface and underwater) vehicles is an ever-expanding ?eld of industrial control engineering in which there is signi?cant international interest. Currently, there are many prototypes and working autonomous vehicles in all the ?elds of application; however, some areas are better developed than others. Meanwhile in the control conference literature it is possible to see that frontier research has reached the pr- lems of working with groups, convoys or swarms of cooperating autonomous vehicles. The tasks that autonomous mobiles can tackle are very often either h- ardous, or, conversely, routine, wheretheuseofaninsitu humanoperatoristo be avoided, or simply technically (and economically) unnecessary. Typically, such tasks involve inspection, monitoring, and detection. For example, - manned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used to perform airborne sea searches, inspect long-distance power lines or oil and gas pipelines (particularly those traversing hostile, or hazardous terrain), monitor environmental or meteo- logical variables and survey crop production and forestry resources. This list is by no means exhaustive and UAVs can perform many other valuable tas

The Space Age is nearly 50 years old but exploration of the outer planets and beyond has only just begun. Deep-Space Probes Second Edition draws on the latest research to explain why we should explore beyond the edge of the Solar System and how we can build highly sophisticated robot spacecraft to make the journey. Many technical problems remain to be solved, among them propulsion systems to permit far higher velocities, and technologies to build vehicles a fraction of the size of today 's spacecraft.

Beyond the range of effective radio control, robot vehicles for exploring deep space will need to be intelligent, thinking craft able to make vital decisions entirely on their own. Gregory Matloff also looks at the possibility for human travel into interstellar space, and some of the immense problems that such journeys would entail.

This second edition includes an entirely new chapter on holographic message plaques for future interstellar probes a NASA-funded project.

Based on a long engineering experience, this book offers a comprehensive and state-of-the-art analysis of aerodynamic and flight mechanic entry topics. This updated edition had new chapters on Re-entry on Mars mission, flight quality, rarefied aerodynamics and re-entry accuracy. In addition, it provides a large set of application exercises and solutions.

This book illustrates how potential flows enter into the general theory of motions of viscous and viscoelastic fluids. Traditionally, the theory of potential flow is presented as a subject called 'potential flow of an inviscid fluid'; when the fluid is incompressible these fluids are, curiously, said to be 'perfect' or 'ideal'. This type of presentation is widespread; it can be found in every book on fluid mechanics, but it is flawed. It is never necessary and typically not useful to put the viscosity of fluids in potential (irrotational) flow to zero. The dimensionless description of potential flows of fluids with a nonzero viscosity depends on the Reynolds number, and the theory of potential flow of an inviscid fluid can be said to rise as the Reynolds number tends to infinity. The theory given here can be described as the theory of potential flows at finite and even small Reynolds numbers.

Widely used for power generation, gas turbine engines are susceptible to faults due to the harsh working environment. Most engine problems are preceded by a sharp change in measurement deviations compared to a baseline engine, but the trend data of these deviations over time are contaminated with noise and non-Gaussian outliers. Gas Turbine Diagnostics: Signal Processing and Fault Isolation presents signal processing algorithms to improve fault diagnosis in gas turbine engines, particularly jet engines. The algorithms focus on removing noise and outliers while keeping the key signal features that may indicate a fault. The book brings together recent methods in data filtering, trend shift detection, and fault isolation, including several novel approaches proposed by the author. Each method is demonstrated through numerical simulations that can be easily performed by the reader. Coverage includes: Filters for gas turbines with slow data availability Hybrid filters for engines equipped with faster data monitoring systems Nonlinear myriad filters for cases where monitoring of transient data can lead to better fault detection Innovative nonlinear filters for data cleaning developed using optimization methods An edge detector based on gradient and Laplacian calculations A process of automating fault isolation using a bank of Kalman filters, fuzzy logic systems, neural networks, and genetic fuzzy systems when an engine model is available An example of vibration-based diagnostics for turbine blades to complement the performance-based methods Using simple examples, the book describes new research tools to more effectively isolate faults in gas turbine engines. These algorithms may also be useful for condition and health monitoring in other systems where sharp changes in measurement data indicate the onset of a fault.

This book looks at the space industry from a business perspective, with a focus on international competition. The space industry traces its origins to the middle of last century as a government/military domain and the author now looks at the ongoing evolution of space exploration and travel, and projects the future of the industry.

This title presents a uniquely human perspective on the quest to explore space and to understand the universe through the lens of the arts, humanities, and social sciences. It considers early stories about the universe in various cultures; recent space fiction; the origins and cultural rationale for the space age; experiences of humans in space and their emerging interactions with robots and artificial intelligence; how humans should treat environments and alien life; and the alternative futures of space exploration and settlement.

This book considers two popular topics: fault detection and isolation (FDI) and flight data estimation using flush air data sensing (FADS) systems. Literature surveys, comparison tests, simulations and wind tunnel tests are performed. In both cases, a UAV platform is considered for demonstration purposes. In the first part of the book, FDI is considered for sensor faults where a neural network approach is implemented. FDI is applied both in academia and industry resulting in many publications over the past 50 years or so. However few publications consider neural networks in comparison to traditional techniques such as observer based, parameter estimations and parity space approaches. The second part of this book focuses on how to estimate flight data (angle of attack, airspeed) using a matrix of pressure sensors and a neural network model. In conclusion this book can serve as an introduction to FDI and FADS systems, a literature survey, and a case study for UAV applications.

Whether an airplane or a space shuttle, a flying machine requires advanced materials to provide a strong, lightweight body and a powerful engine that functions at high temperature. The Aerospace Materials Handbook examines these materials, covering traditional superalloys as well as more recently developed light alloys. Capturing state-of-the-art developments in materials research for aeronautical and aerospace applications, this book provides a timely reference for both newcomers and veteran researchers in the field. The chapters address developments in bulk materials, coatings, traditional materials, and new materials. Beginning with an overview of superalloys, including nickel-, nickel-iron-, and cobalt-based superalloys, the text covers machining, laser cladding and alloying, corrosion performance, high-temperature oxidation, thermal spraying, and nanostructured coatings. It also includes four categories of composites used in aerospace: metal matrix, polymer, carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer, and self-healing composites. The text describes preparation, processing, and fatigue of lightweight magnesium alloys, as well as an exciting new class of materials-aerogels. This book brings readers to the cutting edge of research in materials for aerospace and aeronautics. It provides an entry point into this field and presents details to stimulate future research. This unique, up-to-date resource offers knowledge to enable practitioners to develop faster, more efficient, and more reliable air- and spacecraft.

Low Reynolds number aerodynamics is important to a number of natural and man-made flyers. Birds, bats, and insects have been of interest to biologists for years, and active study in the aerospace engineering community, motivated by interest in micro air vehicles (MAVs), has been increasing rapidly. The primary focus of this book is the aerodynamics associated with fixed and flapping wings. The book consider both biological flyers and MAVs, including a summary of the scaling laws-which relate the aerodynamics and flight characteristics to a flyer's sizing on the basis of simple geometric and dynamics analyses, structural flexibility, laminar-turbulent transition, airfoil shapes, and unsteady flapping wing aerodynamics. The interplay between flapping kinematics and key dimensionless parameters such as the Reynolds number, Strouhal number, and reduced frequency is highlighted. The various unsteady lift enhancement mechanisms are also addressed, including leading-edge vortex, rapid pitch-up and rotational circulation, wake capture, and clap-and-fling.

Manual flight control system design for fighter aircraft is one of the most demanding problems in automatic control. Fighter aircraft dynamics generally have highly coupled uncertain and nonlinear dynamics. Multivariable control design techniques offer a solution to this problem. Robust Multivariable Flight Control provides the background, theory and examples for full envelope manual flight control system design. It gives a versatile framework for the application of advanced multivariable control theory to aircraft control problems. Two design case studies are presented for the manual flight control of lateral/directional axes of the VISTA-F-16 test vehicle and an F-18 trust vectoring system. They demonstrate the interplay between theory and the physical features of the systems.

Airline Operations and Management: A Management Textbook presents a survey of the airline industry, with a strong managerial perspective. It integrates and applies the fundamentals of several management disciplines, particularly operations, marketing, economics and finance, to develop a comprehensive overview. It also provides readers with a solid historical background, and offers a global perspective of the industry, with examples drawn from airlines around the world. Updates for the second edition include: Fresh data and examples A range of international case studies exploring real-life applications New or increased coverage of key topics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, state aid, and new business models New chapters on fleet management and labor relations and HRM Lecture slides for instructors This textbook is for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of airline management, but it should also be useful to entry and junior-level airline managers and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge of the industry beyond their functional area.

Random Vibration in Spacecraft Structures Design is based on the lecture notes "Spacecraft structures" and "Special topics concerning vibration in spacecraft structures" from courses given at Delft University of Technology. The monograph, which deals with low and high frequency mechanical, acoustic random vibrations is of interest to graduate students and engineers working in aerospace engineering, particularly in spacecraft and launch vehicle structures design.

Hannes Griebel studies space applications for the hypersonic drag balloon (ballute), specifically emergency low Earth orbit recovery and delivering payloads to high altitude landing sites on Mars. The author discusses the theory behind such a mission along with experience gained during its practical implementation, such as mission design, manufacturing, packing and deployment techniques as well as ground and flight tests.

During the last decade, rapid growth of knowledge in the field of jet, rocket, nuclear, ion and electric propulsion has resulted in many advances useful to the student, engineer and scientist. The purpose for offering this course is to make available to them these recent advances in theory and design. Accordingly, this course is organized into seven parts: Part 1 Introduction; Part 2 Jet Propulsion; Part 3 Rocket Propulsion; Part 4 Nuclear Propulsion; Part 5 Electric and Ion Propulsion; Part 6 Theory on Combustion, Detonation and Fluid Injection; Part 7 Advanced Concepts and Mission Applications. It is written in such a way that it may easily be adopted by other universities as a textbook for a one semester senior or graduate course on the subject. In addition to the undersigned who served as the course instructor and wrote Chapter I, 2 and 3, guest lecturers included: DR. G. L. DUGGER who wrote Chapter 4 "Ram-jets and Air-Aug mented Rockets," DR. GEORGE P. SUTTON who wrote Chapter 5 "Rockets and Cooling Methods," DR . . MARTIN SUMMERFIELD who wrote Chapter 6 "Solid Propellant Rockets," DR. HOWARD S. SEIFERT who wrote Chapter 7 "Hybrid Rockets," DR. CHANDLER C. Ross who wrote Chapter 8 "Advanced Nuclear Rocket Design," MR. GEORGE H. McLAFFERTY who wrote Chapter 9 "Gaseous Nuclear Rockets," DR. S. G. FORBES who wrote Chapter 10 "Electric and Ion Propul sion," DR. R. H. BODEN who wrote Chapter 11 "Ion Propulsion," DR."

Near-space is defined as the atmospheric region from about 20 kilometer (km) altitude to 100 km altitude above the Earth's surface. It has received much attention in recent years and several types of near-space vehicles are currently being studied, developed, or employed. "Near-Space Remote Sensing: Potential and Challenges" concentrates mainly on the role of near-space vehicles in bridging the gap between satellites and airplanes for microwave remote sensing applications, providing a top-level system description and aiming to encourage further research. Further, this book also describes several potential applications such as passive surveillance, reconnaissance, and high resolution wide swath remote imaging.

The book is intended for geographers, transportation engineers and other researchers involved in remote sensing development and applications, in particular for near-space vehicles.

Wen-Qin Wang is an assistant professor at the School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.

The Third Symposium on Numerical and Physical Aspects of Aerodynamic Flows, like its immediate predecessor, was organized with emphasis on the calculation of flows relevant to aircraft, ships, and missiles. Fifty-five papers and 20 brief communications were presented at the Symposium, which was held at the California State University at Long Beach from 21 to 24 January 1985. A panel discussion was chaired by A. M. O. Smith and includeq state ments by T. T. Huang, C. E. lobe, l. Nielsen, and C. K. Forester on priorities for future research. The first lecture in memory of Professor Keith Stewartson was delivered by J. T. Stuart and is reproduced in this volume together with a selection of the papers presented at the Symposium. In Volume II of this series, papers were selected so as to provide a clear indication of the range of procedures available to represent two-dimensional flows, their physical foundation, and their predictive ability. In this volume, the emphasis is on three-dimensional flows with a section of five papers concerned with unsteady flows and a section of seven papers on three dimensional flows: The papers deal mainly with calculation methods and encompass subsonic and transonic, attached and separated flows. The selec tion has been made so as to fulfill the same purpose for three-dimensional flows as did Volume II for two-dimensional flows."