This book is based on the research results of the authors in the area of integration with related data existing in literature. The main aim of this book is to demonstrate the process of data collection and processing for management. This book describes suitability and how space technology advances could be used and oriented as an influential instrument in management. Within the framework of this book, the content has reflected general aspects of space technology applications. Remote sensing methods and GIS technology have been used as an instrument of data collection and processing depending on requirements of the task expected to be solved and implemented within the management process. This book presents space technology applications in different disciplines of engineering and the engineering management process.

In November 2013, the International Space Station (ISS or Station) completed 15 years of continuous operation in low Earth orbit, marking a significant achievement in the history of human spaceflight. Two months later, the Administration announced its intent to extend Station operations until 2024. Originally designed and tested for a 15-year life span, the ISS may now operate for 26 years. NASA continues to utilise the ISS as a research platform to study and mitigate a variety of human health risks that will facilitate long-term exploration missions. However, a major portion of the Station's future success as a research platform hinges on the ability of the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) the group that manages non-NASA research on the portion of the ISS known as the ISS National Laboratory to attract sufficient interest and funding from private users and investors. This book examines the challenges facing NASA in extending ISS operations until 2024. Specifically, it assesses NASA's progress in certifying the Station's structure and hardware for a longer lifespan; cost and schedule estimates associated with the extension; and efforts to increase utilisation of the Station for exploration and other scientific research. Furthermore, this book examines the current level of Station research; CASIS's efforts to facilitate non-NASA research aboard the ISS; and transportation challenges that could hinder full research utilisation of the ISS.

NASA's Earth Science Division (ESD) conducts a wide range of satellite and suborbital missions to observe Earth's land surface and interior, biosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans as part of a program to improve understanding of Earth as an integrated system. Earth observations provide the foundation for critical scientific advances and environmental data products derived from these observations are used in resource management and for an extraordinary range of societal applications including weather forecasts, climate projections, sea level change, water management, disease early warning, agricultural production, and the response to natural disasters. As the complexity of societal infrastructure and its vulnerability to environmental disruption increases, the demands for deeper scientific insights and more actionable information continue to rise. To serve these demands, NASA's ESD is challenged with optimizing the partitioning of its finite resources among measurements intended for exploring new science frontiers, carefully characterizing long-term changes in the Earth system, and supporting ongoing societal applications. This challenge is most acute in the decisions the Division makes between supporting measurement continuity of data streams that are critical components of Earth science research programs and the development of new measurement capabilities. This report seeks to establish a more quantitative understanding of the need for measurement continuity and the consequences of measurement gaps. Continuity of NASA's Earth's Observations presents a framework to assist NASA's ESD in their determinations of when a measurement or dataset should be collected for durations longer than the typical lifetimes of single satellite missions. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Measurement Continuity 3 A Decision Framework for NASA Earth Science Continuity Measurements 4 Applying the Framework to Continuity Measurements Appendixes Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B: Quality Metric Examples Using Current Climate Data Records Appendix C: Full Framework Example: Narrowing Uncertainty in Climate Sensitivity Appendix D: Full Framework Example: Determining Sea Level Rise and Its Acceleration Appendix E: Full Framework Example: Determining the Change in Ocean Heat Storage Appendix F: Full Framework Example: Determining Ice Sheet Mass Balance Appendix G: Full Framework Example: Global Land Carbon Sinks Appendix H: Committee and Staff Biographical Information Appendix I: Acronyms and Abbreviations

This book is primarily concerned with fundamental components of solar physics, terrestrial geophysics and general climate issues. Phenomena such as planetary influence on solar variability, the Sun's irradiance and solar wind continue to fascinate members of the scientific community. What is more astounding is the way in which our planet reacts to these occurrences; climate changes, sea levels, tides, ocean circulation and geomagnetism, all caused by the processes mentioned above. The pages that follow analyze and calculate the relationships between solar causation and terrestrial reaction. This work begins with a foreword from Walter Cunningham, the famous Apollo 7 astronaut who in 1968 took part in the first manned space flight. Section A is devoted to the concept of planetary-solar-terrestrial interaction and driving forces that represent a break-through in science. The book begins with a high-lightening of records indicating a planetary influence on solar activity and continues with multiple discussions of terrestrial variables. It concludes with an account of the physics behind the changes in the Sun and in the Earth. Section B presents the remarkable decision to terminate the journal of pattern recognition in physics because the authors concluded that we are now on our way into a new grand solar minimum. This inspires doubt in an accelerating global warming. In the name of science and ethics, five papers respond to this "modern book-burning". Section C is devoted to general conclusions, co-authored by 19 eminent scientists in the field of solar physics, geophysics, geology, hydrology and climatology. It also includes a short note on concluding editorial views.

The GPS -- a space-based satellite system that provides positioning, navigation, and timing data to users worldwide -- has become an essential U.S. national security asset and component in daily life. The GPS program is being modernised to enhance its performance, accuracy and integrity. This book assesses the extent to which the Air Force GPS report met Committee requirements; and identifies additional information that is important in guiding future GPS investments.

Weaknesses in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) export control policy and implementation of foreign national access procedures at some centres increase the risk of unauthorised access to export-controlled technologies. NASA policies provide Center Directors the ability to implement export controls at their centres. NASA develops sophisticated technologies and shares with them its international partners. U.S. export control regulations require NASA to identify and protect its sensitive technology; NASA delegates implementation of export controls to its 10 research and space centres. Recent allegations of export control violations at two NASA centres have raised questions about NASA's ability to protect its sensitive technologies. GAO was asked to review NASA's export control program. This book assesses NASA's export control policies and how centres implement them; and the extent to which NASA Headquarters and CEAs apply oversight of centre compliance with its export control policies.

The National Research Council (NRC) has been conducting decadal surveys in the Earth and space sciences since 1964, and released the latest five surveys in the past 5 years, four of which were only completed in the past 3 years. Lessons Learned in Decadal Planning in Space Science is the summary of a workshop held in response to unforseen challenges that arose in the implementation of the recommendations of the decadal surveys. This report takes a closer look at the decadal survey process and how to improve this essential tool for strategic planning in the Earth and space sciences. Workshop moderators, panelists, and participants lifted up the hood on the decadal survey process and scrutinized every element of the decadal surveys to determine what lessons can be gleaned from recent experiences and applied to the design and execution of future decadal surveys. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Summary of Keynote Speakers Remarks 2 Overview of the Decadal Survey Process 3 Decadal Survey Chairs' Perspective 4 Sponsor Agency Perspectives 5 Decadal Survey Program Formulation and Opportunities for Improvement 6 The Role of Cost Estimates, Technical Evaluations, and Budget Projections in Prioritizing Missions 7 How to Plan for High-Profile Missions 8 Incorporating International Perspectives in Future Decadal Planning 9 Decadal Survey Stewardship: The Role of the Mid-Decade Reviews and Standing Committees 10 Concluding Remarks Appendixes Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Biographies of Planning Committee Members, Moderators, Panelists, and Staff

This book illustrates observed values and properties of neutron stars, field theoretical approaches of hadrons to high density matter, such as nuclear and hyperonic matter, signals of dynamical phenomena, hadronic and hadron-quark neutron stars, radiations from high density matter and supernova phenomena. However, it is not intended to report facts and results at front-line research fields, because numerous conference reports suffice the objectives. The purpose of editing the book is to review related areas of nuclear physics and astrophysics in terms of equations of state of high density matter so as to promote mutual understandings and their consistent progresses. It is focused on theoretical relations between equations of state (EOS) and observables. These topics of high density matter, which extend across many fields of physics, should be frequently reviewed for researchers and people in general.

This book focuses on the application of space technology as a means of potentially solving pollution problems. Remote sensing technology and the tremendous contemporary expansion of multilateral environmental treaties grew out of separate but parallel developments in the 1960's and 1970's. As a tool to improve environmental co-operation, remote sensing has great promise. Just as remotely sensed images raised awareness of ozone depletion, images of receding glaciers and polar ice caps may also have a similar effect on the public's awareness of global warning and its willingness to accept stricter measures that would limit greenhouse gas emissions.

The identification of extraterrestrial chiral compounds could provide compelling evidence to prove that extraterrestrial environments such as Mars have supported some form of life. This book reviews why the study of chirality has been integrated into space exploration and experimentation and what this study might be achieved within the context of space missions. Also discussed herein is the analytical methods used on past space missions and summarise possible future methods planned to facilitate the detection of chirality for future expeditions.

The International Space Station (ISS) celebrated 10 years of operations in November 2008. Today, it is more than a human outpost in low Earth orbit (LEO). It is also an international science laboratory hosting state-of-the-art scientific facilities that support fundamental and applied research across the range of physical and biological sciences. This book focuses on the experimental results collected to date, including scientific publications from studies that are based on operational data. NASA's priorities for research aboard the ISS centre on understanding human health during long-duration missions, research on new understandings, methods, or applications that are relevant to life on Earth, such as effective protocols against loss of bone density or producing stronger metal alloys.