Intended as an undergraduate/post graduate level textbook for courses on high speed optical networks as well as computer networks. Nine chapters cover basic principles of the technology and different devices for optical networks, as well as processing of integrated waveguide devices of optical networks using different technologies. It provides students, researchers and practicing engineers with an expert guide to the fundamental concepts, issues and state of the art developments in optical networks. Includes examples throughout all the chapters of the book to aid understanding of basic problems and solutions.

This comprehensive handbook covers fundamental security concepts, methodologies, and relevant information pertaining to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and other industrial control systems used in utility and industrial facilities worldwide. A community-based effort, it collects differing expert perspectives, ideas, and attitudes regarding securing SCADA and control systems environments toward establishing a strategy that can be established and utilized. Including six new chapters, six revised chapters, and numerous additional figures, photos, and illustrations, the second edition serves as a primer or baseline guide for SCADA and industrial control systems security. The book is divided into five focused sections addressing topics in Social implications and impacts Governance and management Architecture and modeling Commissioning and operations The future of SCADA and control systems security The book also includes four case studies of well-known public cyber security-related incidents. The Handbook of SCADA/Control Systems, Second Edition provides an updated and expanded source of essential concepts and information that are globally applicable to securing control systems within critical infrastructure protection programs. It presents best practices as well as methods for securing a business environment at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels.

Completely updated and revised, The OpenVMS User's Guide continues to be the prime resource for new and non-technical users on how to use OpenVMS and customize it to their working environment. For more proficient users, the book serves as a quick look-up reference.
The book begins with an introduction to the OpenVMS operating system and its built-in functions, and then provides a thorough explanation of OpenVMS files and directories, use of DCL, and how to edit files using EVE and EDT. It also discusses how to create command procedures and the Mail and Phone utilities. New to this edition are additional insights into application development and sending e-mail to remote notes via the Internet, remote logins and file transfers. Each chapter is liberally sprinkled with learning aids including summaries and tables of commands, exercises, and review quizzes.
Completely covers the OpenVMS operating system - from logging in to creating command procedures, with thorough discussions of files and directories
Covers both EVE and EDT editors in detail
Shows how to customize your working environment

This book gives an overview of best effort data and real-time multipath routing protocols in WMSN. It provides results of recent research in design issues affecting the development of strategic multipath routing protocols that support multimedia data traffic in WMSN from an IoT perspective, plus detailed analysis on the appropriate traffic models.

"Ask not what your compiler can do for you, ask what you can do for your compiler." --John Levesque, Director of Cray's Supercomputing Centers of Excellence The next decade of computationally intense computing lies with more powerful multi/manycore nodes where processors share a large memory space. These nodes will be the building block for systems that range from a single node workstation up to systems approaching the exaflop regime. The node itself will consist of 10's to 100's of MIMD (multiple instruction, multiple data) processing units with SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) parallel instructions. Since a standard, affordable memory architecture will not be able to supply the bandwidth required by these cores, new memory organizations will be introduced. These new node architectures will represent a significant challenge to application developers. Programming for Hybrid Multi/Manycore MPP Systems attempts to briefly describe the current state-of-the-art in programming these systems, and proposes an approach for developing a performance-portable application that can effectively utilize all of these systems from a single application. The book starts with a strategy for optimizing an application for multi/manycore architectures. It then looks at the three typical architectures, covering their advantages and disadvantages. The next section of the book explores the other important component of the target-the compiler. The compiler will ultimately convert the input language to executable code on the target, and the book explores how to make the compiler do what we want. The book then talks about gathering runtime statistics from running the application on the important problem sets previously discussed. How best to utilize available memory bandwidth and virtualization is covered next, along with hybridization of a program. The last part of the book includes several major applications, and examines future hardware advancements and how the application developer may prepare for those advancements.

D2D-based proximity service is a very hot topic with great commercial potential from an application standpoint. Unlike existing books which focus on D2D communications technologies, this book fills a gap by summarizing and analyzing the latest applications and research results in academic, industrial fields, and standardization. The authors present the architecture, fundamental issues, and applications in a D2D networking environment from both application and interdisciplinary points of view.

Along with the increasingly important runtime engines pervasive in our daily-life computing, there is a strong demand from the software community for a solid presentation on the design and implementation of modern virtual machines, including the Java virtual machine, JavaScript engine and Android execution engine. The community expects to see not only formal algorithm description, but also pragmatic code snippets; to understand not only research topics, but also engineering solutions. This book meets these demands by providing a unique description that combines high level design with low level implementations and academic advanced topics with commercial solutions. This book takes a holistic approach to the design of VM architecture, with contents organized into a consistent framework, introducing topics and algorithms in an easily understood step by step process. It focuses on the critical aspects of VM design, which are often overlooked in other works, such as runtime helpers, stack unwinding and native interface. The algorithms are fully illustrated in figures and implemented in easy to digest code snippets, making the abstract concepts tangible and programmable for system software developers.

Computer Systems Architecture provides IT professionals and students with the necessary understanding of computer hardware. It addresses the ongoing issues related to computer hardware and discusses the solutions supplied by the industry. The book describes trends in computing solutions that led to the current available infrastructures, tracing the initial need for computers to recent concepts such as the Internet of Things. It covers computers' data representation, explains how computer architecture and its underlying meaning changed over the years, and examines the implementations and performance enhancements of the central processing unit (CPU). It then discusses the organization, hierarchy, and performance considerations of computer memory as applied by the operating system and illustrates how cache memory significantly improves performance. The author proceeds to explore the bus system, algorithms for ensuring data integrity, input and output (I/O) components, methods for performing I/O, various aspects relevant to software engineering, and nonvolatile storage devices, such as hard drives and technologies for enhancing performance and reliability. He also describes virtualization and cloud computing and the emergence of software-based systems' architectures. Accessible to software engineers and developers as well as students in IT disciplines, this book enhances readers' understanding of the hardware infrastructure used in software engineering projects. It enables readers to better optimize system usage by focusing on the principles used in hardware systems design and the methods for enhancing performance.

The book provides a bottom-up approach to understanding how a computer works and how to use computing to solve real-world problems. It covers the basics of digital logic through the lens of computer organization and programming. The reader should be able to design his or her own computer from the ground up at the end of the book. Logic simulation with Verilog is used throughout, assembly languages are introduced and discussed, and the fundamentals of computer architecture and embedded systems are touched upon, all in a cohesive design-driven framework suitable for class or self-study.

This book covers the history and recent developments of stochastic computing. Stochastic computing (SC) was first introduced in the 1960s for logic circuit design, but its origin can be traced back to von Neumann's work on probabilistic logic. In SC, real numbers are encoded by random binary bit streams, and information is carried on the statistics of the binary streams. SC offers advantages such as hardware simplicity and fault tolerance. Its promise in data processing has been shown in applications including neural computation, decoding of error-correcting codes, image processing, spectral transforms and reliability analysis. There are three main parts to this book. The first part, comprising Chapters 1 and 2, provides a history of the technical developments in stochastic computing and a tutorial overview of the field for both novice and seasoned stochastic computing researchers. In the second part, comprising Chapters 3 to 8, we review both well-established and emerging design approaches for stochastic computing systems, with a focus on accuracy, correlation, sequence generation, and synthesis. The last part, comprising Chapters 9 and 10, provides insights into applications in machine learning and error-control coding.

This book provides readers with a single-source reference to static-single assignment (SSA)-based compiler design. It is the first (and up to now only) book that covers in a deep and comprehensive way how an optimizing compiler can be designed using the SSA form. After introducing vanilla SSA and its main properties, the authors describe several compiler analyses and optimizations under this form. They illustrate how compiler design can be made simpler and more efficient, thanks to the SSA form. This book also serves as a valuable text/reference for lecturers, making the teaching of compilers simpler and more effective. Coverage also includes advanced topics, such as code generation, aliasing, predication and more, making this book a valuable reference for advanced students and practicing engineers.

Collects the Latest Research Involving the Application of Process Algebra to Computing Exploring state-of-the-art applications, Process Algebra for Parallel and Distributed Processing shows how one formal method of reasoning-process algebra-has become a powerful tool for solving design and implementation challenges of concurrent systems. Parallel ProgrammingDivided into three parts, the book begins by parallelizing an algorithm for the Cell Broadband Engine processor of IBM, Sony, and Toshiba. It also develops a runtime environment that can be ported to different parallel platforms and describes the formal model of action systems. Distributed SystemsThe next part presents a process algebra (mCRL2) that targets distributed applications, looks at how to turn prose descriptions into unambiguous specifications, extends pi-calculus to create a service-oriented mobility abstract machine, and introduces the Channel Ambient Machine for mobile applications. Embedded SystemsThe final section combines state-based Z with the event-based process algebra CSP in a formal methodology called Circus. It also develops a pair of process algebras (PARS) to address the problem of scheduling in real-time embedded systems and emphasizes the reuse of concurrent artifacts across different hardware platforms. Highlighting recent research work, this volume addresses multicore programming problems and the evolution of the growing body of concurrency-enabled languages. It proposes solutions to the problems of designing and implementing today's concurrency-constrained multicore processor and cloud architectures.

The richly illustrated Interactive Web-Based Data Visualization with R, plotly, and shiny focuses on the process of programming interactive web graphics for multidimensional data analysis. It is written for the data analyst who wants to leverage the capabilities of interactive web graphics without having to learn web programming. Through many R code examples, you will learn how to tap the extensive functionality of these tools to enhance the presentation and exploration of data. By mastering these concepts and tools, you will impress your colleagues with your ability to quickly generate more informative, engaging, and reproducible interactive graphics using free and open source software that you can share over email, export to pdf, and more. Key Features: Convert static ggplot2 graphics to an interactive web-based form Link, animate, and arrange multiple plots in standalone HTML from R Embed, modify, and respond to plotly graphics in a shiny app Learn best practices for visualizing continuous, discrete, and multivariate data Learn numerous ways to visualize geo-spatial data This book makes heavy use of plotly for graphical rendering, but you will also learn about other R packages that support different phases of a data science workflow, such as tidyr, dplyr, and tidyverse. Along the way, you will gain insight into best practices for visualization of high-dimensional data, statistical graphics, and graphical perception. The printed book is complemented by an interactive website where readers can view movies demonstrating the examples and interact with graphics.

Modelling Transitions shows what computational, formal and data-driven approaches can and could mean for sustainability transitions research, presenting the state-of-the-art and exploring what lies beyond. Featuring contributions from many well-known authors, this book presents the various benefits of modelling for transitions research. More than just taking stock, it also critically examines what modelling of transformative change means and could mean for transitions research and for other disciplines that study societal changes. This includes identifying a variety of approaches currently not part of the portfolios of transitions modellers. Far from only singing praise, critical methodological and philosophical introspection are key aspects of this important book. This book speaks to modellers and non-modellers alike who value the development of robust knowledge on transitions to sustainability, including colleagues in congenial fields. Be they students, researchers or practitioners, everyone interested in transitions should find this book relevant as reference, resource and guide.

This books aims to present fundamental aspects of optical communication techniques and advanced modulation techniques and extensive applications of optical communications systems and networks employing single-mode optical fibers as the transmission system. New digital techqniues such as chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, nonlinear phase distortion effects, etc. will be discussed. Practical models for practice and understanding the behavior and dynamics of the devices and systems will be included.

Smart Grid: Networking, Data Management, and Business Models delivers a comprehensive overview of smart grid communications, discussing the latest advances in the technology, the related cyber security issues, and the best ways to manage user demand and pricing. Comprised of 16 chapters authored by world-renowned experts, this book: Considers the use of cognitive radio and software-defined networking in the smart grid Explores the space of attacks in the energy management process, the need for a smart grid simulator, and the management issues that arise around smart cities Describes a real-time pricing scheme that aims to reduce the peak-to-average load ratio Explains how to realize low-carbon economies and the green smart grid through the pervasive management of demand Presents cutting-edge research on microgrids, electric vehicles, and energy trading in the smart grid Thus, Smart Grid: Networking, Data Management, and Business Models provides a valuable reference for utility operators, telecom operators, communications engineers, power engineers, electric vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), electric vehicle service providers, university professors, researchers, and students.

The complexity of modern chip design requires extensive use of specialized software throughout the process. To achieve the best results, a user of this software needs a high-level understanding of the underlying mathematical models and algorithms. In addition, a developer of such software must have a keen understanding of relevant computer science aspects, including algorithmic performance bottlenecks and how various algorithms operate and interact. This book introduces and compares the fundamental algorithms that are used during the IC physical design phase, wherein a geometric chip layout is produced starting from an abstract circuit design. This updated second edition includes recent advancements in the state-of-the-art of physical design, and builds upon foundational coverage of essential and fundamental techniques. Numerous examples and tasks with solutions increase the clarity of presentation and facilitate deeper understanding. A comprehensive set of slides is available on the Internet for each chapter, simplifying use of the book in instructional settings. "This improved, second edition of the book will continue to serve the EDA and design community well. It is a foundational text and reference for the next generation of professionals who will be called on to continue the advancement of our chip design tools and design the most advanced micro-electronics." Dr. Leon Stok, Vice President, Electronic Design Automation, IBM Systems Group "This is the book I wish I had when I taught EDA in the past, and the one I'm using from now on." Dr. Louis K. Scheffer, Howard Hughes Medical Institute "I would happily use this book when teaching Physical Design. I know of no other work that's as comprehensive and up-to-date, with algorithmic focus and clear pseudocode for the key algorithms. The book is beautifully designed!" Prof. John P. Hayes, University of Michigan "The entire field of electronic design automation owes the authors a great debt for providing a single coherent source on physical design that is clear and tutorial in nature, while providing details on key state-of-the-art topics such as timing closure." Prof. Kurt Keutzer, University of California, Berkeley "An excellent balance of the basics and more advanced concepts, presented by top experts in the field." Prof. Sachin Sapatnekar, University of Minnesota

This classic reference work is a comprehensive guide to the design, evaluation, and use of reliable computer systems. It includes case studies of reliable systems from manufacturers, such as Tandem, Stratus, IBM, and Digital. It covers special systems such as the Galileo Orbiter fault protection system and AT&T telephone switching system processors.

Detailing the advantages and limitations of multi-carrier communication, this book proposes possible solutions for these limitations. Multi-Carrier Communication Systems with Examples in MATLAB (R): A New Perspective addresses the two primary drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems: the high sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets and phase noise, and the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals. Presenting a new interleaving scheme for multicarrier communication, the book starts with a detailed overview of multi-carrier systems such as OFDM, multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), and single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems. From there, it proposes a new way to deal with the frequency-selective fading channel: the single-carrier with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) scheme. The second part of the book examines the performance of the continuous phase modulation (CPM)-based OFDM (CPM-OFDM) system. It proposes a CPM-based single-carrier frequency domain equalization (CPM-SC-FDE) structure for broadband wireless communication systems. In the third part of the book, the author proposes a chaotic interleaving scheme for both CPM-OFDM and the CPM-SC-FDE systems. A comparison between the proposed chaotic interleaving and the conventional block interleaving is also performed in this part. The final part of the book presents efficient image transmission techniques over multi-carrier systems such as OFDM, MC-CDMA, and SC-FDMA. It details a new approach for efficient image transmission over OFDM and MC-CDMA systems using chaotic interleaving that transmits images over wireless channels efficiently. The book studies the performance of discrete cosine transform-based single-carrier frequency division multiple access (DCT-SC-FDMA) with image transmission. It also proposes a CPM-based DCT-SC-FDMA structure for efficient image transmission. The book includes MATLAB (R) simulations along with MATLAB code so you can practice carrying out your own extensive simulations.

This book describes a unique approach to bring robotic technology into elders' daily lives. Low cost components and low cost robotic assistants are effectively combined to offer high quality services to elders and people in need. The book presents in a comprehensive way how technology can be used for developing a new healthcare paradigm where high quality services are offered at home, thus reducing the ever-increasing hospitalization cost of the elders and the people with chronic diseases.

A Thorough Overview of the Next Generation in Computing Poised to follow in the footsteps of the Internet, grid computing is on the verge of becoming more robust and accessible to the public in the near future. Focusing on this novel, yet already powerful, technology, Introduction to Grid Computing explores state-of-the-art grid projects, core grid technologies, and applications of the grid. After comparing the grid with other distributed systems, the book covers two important aspects of a grid system: scheduling of jobs and resource discovery and monitoring in grid. It then discusses existing and emerging security technologies, such as WS-Security and OGSA security, as well as the functions of grid middleware at a conceptual level. The authors also describe famous grid projects, demonstrate the pricing of European options through the use of the Monte Carlo method on grids, and highlight different parallelization possibilities on the grid. Taking a tutorial approach, this concise book provides a complete introduction to the components of the grid architecture and applications of grid computing. It expertly shows how grid computing can be used in various areas, from computational mechanics to risk management in financial institutions.

This book introduces the FPGA technology used in the laboratory sessions, and provides a step-by-step guide for designing and simulation of digital circuits. It utilizes the VHDL language, which is one of the most common language used to describe the design of digital systems. The Quartus II, Xilinx ISE 14.7 and ModelSim software are used to process the VHDL code and make simulations, and then the Altera and Xilinx FPGA platforms are employed to implement the simulated digital designs. The book is composed of four parts. The first part of this book has two chapters and covers various aspects: FPGA architectures, ASIC vs FPGA comparison, FPGA design flow and basic VHDL concepts necessary to describe the design of digital systems. The second part of the book includes three chapters that deal with the design of digital circuits such as combinational logic circuits, sequential logic circuits and finite state machines. The third part of the book is reserved for laboratory projects carried out on the FPGA platform. It is a largely hands-on lab class for design digital circuits and implementing their designs on the Altera FPGA platform. Finally, the fourth part of this work is devoted to recent applications carried out on FPGAs, in particular advanced techniques in renewable energy systems. The book is primarily intended for students, scholars, and industrial practitioners interested in the design of modern digital systems.

Describing how to avoid common vendor traps, Buying, Supporting, Maintaining Software and Equipment: An IT Manager's Guide to Controlling the Product Lifecycle will help readers better control the negotiation of their IT products and services and, ultimately, better manage the lifecycle of those purchases. The book supplies an inside look at the methods and goals of vendors and their contracts-which are almost always in conflict with end-user goals. The text is set up to follow the way most people experience technology products and contracting decisions. It begins by explaining the significance of the decisions made at the time of product selection. It details what you need to focus on when negotiating service and support agreements and describes how to use purchase orders to negotiate more favorable agreements. Covers product acquisition, support, and maintenance Examines hardware and software warranty and support models Considers finance and accounting issues for maintenance and support Spells out technology product details Explains postwarranty support and maintenance Provides the understanding to better negotiate with vendor sales teams Illustrating the types of problems typically experienced during product use, the book describes how to better control the useful life of your equipment. It supplies tips on how to avoid excessive charges from predatory vendors and concludes by delving into issues of product end of life. Explaining how to manage support and maintenance issues for the long term, this book provides the understanding you need to make sure you are more knowledgeable about the products and services your organization needs than the vendor teams with whom you are negotiating.