This Book discusses machine learning for model order reduction, which can be used in modern VLSI design to predict the behavior of an electronic circuit, via mathematical models that predict behavior. The author describes techniques to reduce significantly the time required for simulations involving large-scale ordinary differential equations, which sometimes take several days or even weeks. This method is called model order reduction (MOR), which reduces the complexity of the original large system and generates a reduced-order model (ROM) to represent the original one. Readers will gain in-depth knowledge of machine learning and model order reduction concepts, the tradeoffs involved with using various algorithms, and how to apply the techniques presented to circuit simulations and numerical analysis. Introduces machine learning algorithms at the architecture level and the algorithm levels of abstraction; Describes new, hybrid solutions for model order reduction; Presents machine learning algorithms in depth, but simply; Uses real, industrial applications to verify algorithms.

It's axiomatic to state that people fear what they do not understand, and this is especially true when it comes to technology. However, despite their prevalence, computers remain shrouded in mystery, and many users feel apprehensive when interacting with them. Smartphones have only exacerbated the issue. Indeed, most users of these devices leverage only a small fraction of the power they hold in their hands. How Things Work: The Computer Science Edition is a roadmap for readers who want to overcome their technophobia and harness the full power of everyday technology. Beginning with the basics, the book demystifies the mysterious world of computer science, explains its fundamental concepts in simple terms, and answers the questions many users feel too intimidated to ask. By the end of the book, readers will understand how computers and smart devices function and, more important, how they can make these devices work for them. To complete the picture, the book also introduces readers to the darker side of modern technology: security and privacy concerns, identity theft, and threats from the Dark Web.

The field of SMART technologies is an interdependent discipline. It involves the latest burning issues ranging from machine learning, cloud computing, optimisations, modelling techniques, Internet of Things, data analytics, and Smart Grids among others, that are all new fields. It is an applied and multi-disciplinary subject with a focus on Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic & Timely system operations combined with Machine intelligence & Real-Time computing. It is not possible for any one person to comprehensively cover all aspects relevant to SMART Computing in a limited-extent work. Therefore, these conference proceedings address various issues through the deliberations by distinguished Professors and researchers. The SMARTCOM 2020 proceedings contain tracks dedicated to different areas of smart technologies such as Smart System and Future Internet, Machine Intelligence and Data Science, Real-Time and VLSI Systems, Communication and Automation Systems. The proceedings can be used as an advanced reference for research and for courses in smart technologies taught at graduate level.

This book introduces fundamental concepts and principles of 2D and 3D graphics and is written for undergraduate and postgraduate students of computer science, graphics, multimedia, and data science. It demonstrates the use of MATLAB (R) programming for solving problems related to graphics and discusses a variety of visualization tools to generate graphs and plots. The book covers important concepts like transformation, projection, surface generation, parametric representation, curve fitting, interpolation, vector representation, and texture mapping, all of which can be used in a wide variety of educational and research fields. Theoretical concepts are illustrated using a large number of practical examples and programming codes, which can be used to visualize and verify the results. Key Features: Covers fundamental concepts and principles of 2D and 3D graphics Demonstrates the use of MATLAB (R) programming for solving problems on graphics Provides MATLAB (R) codes as answers to specific numerical problems Provides codes in a simple copy and execute format for the novice learner Focuses on learning through visual representation with extensive use of graphs and plots Helps the reader gain in-depth knowledge about the subject matter through practical examples Contains review questions and practice problems with answers for self-evaluation

An uncoded multimedia transmission (UMT) system is one that skips quantization and entropy coding in compression and all subsequent binary operations, including channel coding and bit-to-symbol mapping of modulation. By directly transmitting non-binary symbols with amplitude modulation, the uncoded system avoids the annoying cliff effect observed in the coded transmission system. This advantage makes uncoded transmission more suited to both unicast in varying channel conditions and multicast to heterogeneous users. Particularly, in the first part of Uncoded Multimedia Transmission, we consider how to improve the efficiency of uncoded transmission and make it on par with coded transmission. We then address issues and challenges regarding how to better utilize temporal and spatial correlation of images and video in the uncoded transmission, to achieve the optimal transmission performance. Next, we investigate the resource allocation problem for uncoded transmission, including subchannel, bandwidth and power allocation. By properly allocating these resources, uncoded transmission can achieve higher efficiency and more robust performance. Subsequently, we consider the image and video delivery in MIMO broadcasting networks with diverse channel quality and varying numbers of antennas across receivers. Finally, we investigate the cases where uncoded transmission can be used in conjunction with digital transmission for a balanced efficiency and adaptation capability. This book is the very first monograph in the general area of uncoded multimedia transmission written in a self-contained format. It addresses both the fundamentals and the applications of uncoded transmission. It gives a systematic introduction to the fundamental theory and concepts in this field, and at the same time, also presents specific applications that reveal the great potential and impacts for the technologies generated from the research in this field. By concentrating several important studies and developments currently taking place in the field of uncoded transmission in a single source, this book can reduce the time and cost required to learn and improve skills and knowledge in the field. The authors have been actively working in this field for years, and this book is the final essence of their years of long research in this field. The book may be used as a collection of research notes for researchers in this field, a reference book for practitioners or engineers, as well as a textbook for a graduate advanced seminar in this field or any related fields. The references collected in this book may be used as further reading lists or references for the readers.

This textbook introduces the concept of embedded systems with exercises using Arduino Uno. It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering programs. It contains a balanced discussion on both hardware and software related to embedded systems, with a focus on co-design aspects. Embedded systems have applications in Internet-of-Things (IoT), wearables, self-driving cars, smart devices, cyberphysical systems, drones, and robotics. The hardware chapter discusses various microcontrollers (including popular microcontroller hardware examples), sensors, amplifiers, filters, actuators, wired and wireless communication topologies, schematic and PCB designs, and much more. The software chapter describes OS-less programming, bitmath, polling, interrupt, timer, sleep modes, direct memory access, shared memory, mutex, and smart algorithms, with lots of C-code examples for Arduino Uno. Other topics discussed are prototyping, testing, verification, reliability, optimization, and regulations. Appropriate for courses on embedded systems, microcontrollers, and instrumentation, this textbook teaches budding embedded system programmers practical skills with fun projects to prepare them for industry products. Introduces embedded systems for wearables, Internet-of-Things (IoT), robotics, and other smart devices; Offers a balanced focus on both hardware and software co-design of embedded systems; Includes exercises, tutorials, and assignments.

This book serves as a single-source reference to the latest advances in Approximate Computing (AxC), a promising technique for increasing performance or reducing the cost and power consumption of a computing system. The authors discuss the different AxC design and validation techniques, and their integration. They also describe real AxC applications, spanning from mobile to high performance computing and also safety-critical applications.

This two-volume book describes the most common IP routing protocols used today, explaining the underlying concepts of each protocol and how the protocol components and processes fit within the typical router. Unlike other books, this title is not vendor focused. Volume 1 discusses fundamental concepts of IP routing and distance-vector routing protocols (RIPv2 and EIGRP). Volume 2 focuses on link-state routing protocols (OSPF and IS-IS) and the only path-vector routing protocol in use today (BGP). The volumes explain the types of databases each routing protocol uses, how the databases are constructed and managed, and how the various protocol components and processes, relate and interact with the databases. They also describe the routing protocols from a systems perspective, recognizing the most important routing and packet forwarding components and functions of a router. An illustrated description of IP routing protocols is given using real-world network examples. The books are presented from a practicing engineer's perspective, linking theory and fundamental concepts to common practices and real-world examples. The discussion is presented in a simple style to make it comprehensible and appealing to undergraduate and graduate level students, research and practicing engineers, scientists, IT personnel, and network engineers.

This two-volume book describes the most common IP routing protocols used today, explaining the underlying concepts of each protocol and how the protocol components and processes fit within the typical router. Unlike other books, this title is not vendor focused. Volume 1 discusses fundamental concepts of IP routing and distance-vector routing protocols (RIPv2 and EIGRP). Volume 2 focuses on link-state routing protocols (OSPF and IS-IS) and the only path-vector routing protocol in use today (BGP). The volumes explain the types of databases each routing protocol uses, how the databases are constructed and managed, and how the various protocol components and processes, relate and interact with the databases. They also describe the routing protocols from a systems perspective, recognizing the most important routing and packet forwarding components and functions of a router. An illustrated description of IP routing protocols is given using real-world network examples. The books are presented from a practicing engineer's perspective, linking theory and fundamental concepts to common practices and real-world examples. The discussion is presented in a simple style to make it comprehensible and appealing to undergraduate and graduate level students, research and practicing engineers, scientists, IT personnel, and network engineers.

Reconfigurable Computing Systems Engineering: Virtualization of Computing Architecture describes the organization of reconfigurable computing system (RCS) architecture and discusses the pros and cons of different RCS architecture implementations. Providing a solid understanding of RCS technology and where it's most effective, this book: Details the architecture organization of RCS platforms for application-specific workloads Covers the process of the architectural synthesis of hardware components for system-on-chip (SoC) for the RCS Explores the virtualization of RCS architecture from the system and on-chip levels Presents methodologies for RCS architecture run-time integration according to mode of operation and rapid adaptation to changes of multi-parametric constraints Includes illustrative examples, case studies, homework problems, and references to important literature A solutions manual is available with qualifying course adoption. Reconfigurable Computing Systems Engineering: Virtualization of Computing Architecture offers a complete road map to the synthesis of RCS architecture, exposing hardware design engineers, system architects, and students specializing in designing FPGA-based embedded systems to novel concepts in RCS architecture organization and virtualization.

This book introduces different interconnection networks applied to different systems. Interconnection networks are used to communicate processing units in a multi-processor system, routers in communication networks, and servers in data centers. Queuing techniques are applied to interconnection networks to support a higher utilization of resources. There are different queuing strategies, and these determine not only the performance of the interconnection network, but also the set of requirements to make them work effectively and their cost. Routing algorithms are used to find routes to destinations and directions in what information travels. Additional properties, such as avoiding deadlocks and congestion, are sought. Effective routing algorithms need to be paired up with these networks. The book will introduce the most relevant interconnection networks, queuing strategies, and routing algorithm. It discusses their properties and how these leverage the performance of the whole interconnection system. In addition, the book covers additional topics for memory management and congestion avoidance, used to extract higher performance from the interconnection network.

This superb collection of papers focuses on a fundamental question in logic and computation: What is a logical system? With contributions from leading researchers--including Ian Hacking, Robert Kowalski, Jim Lambek, Neil Tennent, Arnon Avron, L. Farinas del Cerro, Kosta Dosen, and Solomon Feferman--the book presents a wide range of views on how to answer such a question, reflecting current, mainstream approaches to logic and its applications. Written to appeal to a diverse audience of readers, What is a Logical System? will excite discussion among students, teachers, and researchers in mathematics, logic, computer science, philosophy, and linguistics.

Numerical simulation models are used in all engineering disciplines for modeling physical phenomena to learn how the phenomena work, and to identify problems and optimize behavior. Smart Proxy Models provide an opportunity to replicate numerical simulations with very high accuracy and can be run on a laptop within a few minutes, thereby simplifying the use of complex numerical simulations, which can otherwise take tens of hours. This book focuses on Smart Proxy Modeling and provides readers with all the essential details on how to develop Smart Proxy Models using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, as well as how it may be used in real-world cases. Covers replication of highly accurate numerical simulations using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Details application in reservoir simulation and modeling and computational fluid dynamics Includes real case studies based on commercially available simulators Smart Proxy Modeling is ideal for petroleum, chemical, environmental, and mechanical engineers, as well as statisticians and others working with applications of data-driven analytics.

A heterogeneous network is a network which connects computers and other devices with different operating systems, protocols, or access technologies. By definition, managing heterogenous networks is more difficult that homogenous networks. Confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) remain the foundation of security. This book sheds light upon security threats, defenses, and remediation on various networking and data processing domains, including wired networks, wireless networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, and social networks through the prisms of confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, and access control. The book is broken into different chapters that explore central subjects and themes in the development of the heterogenous networks we see today. The chapters look at: Access control methods in cloud-enabled Internet of Things Secure routing algorithms for mobile ad-hoc networks Building security trust in mobile ad-hoc networks using soft computing methods The use and development of Blockchain technology, with a particular focus on the nonce-free hash generation in Blockchain Password authentication and keystroke biometrics Health care data analytics over Big Data Bluetooth: and its open issues for managing security services in heterogenous networks Managing Security Services in Heterogenous Networks will be a valuable resource for a whole host of undergraduate and postgraduate students studying related topics, as well as career professionals who have to effectively manage heterogenous networks in the workplace.

This book presents a new threat modelling approach that specifically targets the hardware supply chain, covering security risks throughout the lifecycle of an electronic system. The authors present a case study on a new type of security attack, which combines two forms of attack mechanisms from two different stages of the IC supply chain. More specifically, this attack targets the newly developed, light cipher (Ascon) and demonstrates how it can be broken easily, when its implementation is compromised with a hardware Trojan. This book also discusses emerging countermeasures, including anti-counterfeit design techniques for resources constrained devices and anomaly detection methods for embedded systems.

This book is a broad discussion covering the entire software development lifecycle. It uses a comprehensive case study to address each topic and features the following: A description of the development, by the fictional company Homeowner, of the DigitalHome (DH) System, a system with "smart" devices for controlling home lighting, temperature, humidity, small appliance power, and security A set of scenarios that provide a realistic framework for use of the DH System material Just-in-time training: each chapter includes mini tutorials introducing various software engineering topics that are discussed in that chapter and used in the case study A set of case study exercises that provide an opportunity to engage students in software development practice, either individually or in a team environment. Offering a new approach to learning about software engineering theory and practice, the text is specifically designed to: Support teaching software engineering, using a comprehensive case study covering the complete software development lifecycle Offer opportunities for students to actively learn about and engage in software engineering practice Provide a realistic environment to study a wide array of software engineering topics including agile development Software Engineering Practice: A Case Study Approach supports a student-centered, "active" learning style of teaching. The DH case study exercises provide a variety of opportunities for students to engage in realistic activities related to the theory and practice of software engineering. The text uses a fictitious team of software engineers to portray the nature of software engineering and to depict what actual engineers do when practicing software engineering. All the DH case study exercises can be used as team or group exercises in collaborative learning. Many of the exercises have specific goals related to team building and teaming skills. The text also can be used to support the professional development or certification of practicing software engineers. The case study exercises can be integrated with presentations in a workshop or short course for professionals.

This book is a single-source reference to the issues involved in the Landauer principle, which has gained new prominence recently, due to the large amount of heat generated by today's computers. If Landauer's principle is correct, there may be ways to build computers that dissipate far less power (corresponding to heat generated) than today's computers. This book brings together all sides of the discussions regarding Landauer's principle, both theoretical and experimental, empowering readers to gain better understanding of dissipation in computation, and the limits if any to progress in computation related to energy dissipation. It represents the best and most thorough examination of the important issue of Landauer's principle that is available in one volume. Provides an in-depth investigation of the Landauer principle and how it relates to the possible existence of lower bounds on dissipation in computation; Gathers together both sides of the discussion: those who agree with Landauer and his conclusions, and those who think that Landauer was not correct, offering fresh perspective on the issues in the new light of experiments; Offers insight into the future of silicon CMOS and the limits if any to progress in computation related to energy dissipation.

Handbook on Networked Multipoint Multimedia Conferencing and Multistream Immsersive Telepresence using SIP: Scalable Distributed Applications and Media Control over Internet is the first book to put together all IETF request for comments (RFCs), and the internet drafts standards related to the multipoint conferencing and immersive telepresence. This book includes mandatory and optional texts of all standards in a chronological and systematic way almost with one-to-one integrity from the beginning to end, allowing the reader to understand all aspects of the highly complex real-time applications. It is a book that network designers, software developers, product manufacturers, implementers, interoperability testers, professionals, professors, and researchers will find to be immensely useful. Practitioners and engineers in all spectrums who are concentrating on building the real-time, scalable, interoperable multipoint applications, can use this book to make informed choices based on technical standards in the market place, on all proprietary non-scalable and non-interposable products. This book will provide focus and foundation for these decision makers.

This book covers theory and practical knowledge of Probabilistic data structures (PDS) and Blockchain (BC) concepts. It introduces the applicability of PDS in BC to technology practitioners and explains each PDS through code snippets and illustrative examples. Further, it provides references for the applications of PDS to BC along with implementation codes in python language for various PDS so that the readers can gain confidence using hands on experience. Organized into five sections, the book covers IoT technology, fundamental concepts of BC, PDS and algorithms used to estimate membership query, cardinality, similarity and frequency, usage of PDS in BC based IoT and so forth.

Based upon the authors' experience in designing and deploying an embedded Linux system with a variety of applications, Embedded Linux System Design and Development contains a full embedded Linux system development roadmap for systems architects and software programmers. Explaining the issues that arise out of the use of Linux in embedded systems, the book facilitates movement to embedded Linux from traditional real-time operating systems, and describes the system design model containing embedded Linux. This book delivers practical solutions for writing, debugging, and profiling applications and drivers in embedded Linux, and for understanding Linux BSP architecture. It enables you to understand: various drivers such as serial, I2C and USB gadgets; uClinux architecture and its programming model; and the embedded Linux graphics subsystem. The text also promotes learning of methods to reduce system boot time, optimize memory and storage, and find memory leaks and corruption in applications. This volume benefits IT managers in planning to choose an embedded Linux distribution and in creating a roadmap for OS transition. It also describes the application of the Linux licensing model in commercial products.

State-of-the-Art Approaches to Advance the Large-Scale Green Computing Movement Edited by one of the founders and lead investigator of the Green500 list, The Green Computing Book: Tackling Energy Efficiency at Large Scale explores seminal research in large-scale green computing. It begins with low-level, hardware-based approaches and then traverses up the software stack with increasingly higher-level, software-based approaches. In the first chapter, the IBM Blue Gene team illustrates how to improve the energy efficiency of a supercomputer by an order of magnitude without any system performance loss in parallelizable applications. The next few chapters explain how to enhance the energy efficiency of a large-scale computing system via compiler-directed energy optimizations, an adaptive run-time system, and a general prediction performance framework. The book then explores the interactions between energy management and reliability and describes storage system organization that maximizes energy efficiency and reliability. It also addresses the need for coordinated power control across different layers and covers demand response policies in computing centers. The final chapter assesses the impact of servers on data center costs.

* The ELS model of enterprise security is endorsed by the Secretary of the Air Force for Air Force computing systems and is a candidate for DoD systems under the Joint Information Environment Program. * The book is intended for enterprise IT architecture developers, application developers, and IT security professionals. * This is a unique approach to end-to-end security and fills a niche in the market.

Cyber Security for Industrial Control Systems: From the Viewpoint of Close-Loop provides a comprehensive technical guide on up-to-date new secure defending theories and technologies, novel design, and systematic understanding of secure architecture with practical applications. The book consists of 10 chapters, which are divided into three parts. The first three chapters extensively introduce secure state estimation technologies, providing a systematic presentation on the latest progress in security issues regarding state estimation. The next five chapters focus on the design of secure feedback control technologies in industrial control systems, displaying an extraordinary difference from that of traditional secure defending approaches from the viewpoint of network and communication. The last two chapters elaborate on the systematic secure control architecture and algorithms for various concrete application scenarios. The authors provide detailed descriptions on attack model and strategy analysis, intrusion detection, secure state estimation and control, game theory in closed-loop systems, and various cyber security applications. The book is useful to anyone interested in secure theories and technologies for industrial control systems.

By 2020, if not before, mobile computing and wireless systems are expected to enter the fifth generation (5G), which promises evolutionary if not revolutionary services. What those advanced services will look like, sound like, and feel like is the theme of the book Advances in Mobile Computing and Communications: Perspectives and Emerging Trends in 5G Networks. The book explores futuristic and compelling ideas in latest developments of communication and networking aspects of 5G. As such, it serves as an excellent guide for advanced developers, communication network scientists, researchers, academicians, and graduate students. The authors address computing models, communication architecture, and protocols based on 3G, LTE, LTE-A, 4G, and beyond. Topics include advances in 4G, radio propagation and channel modeling aspects of 4G networks, limited feedback for 4G, and game theory application for power control and subcarrier allocation in OFDMA cellular networks. Additionally, the book covers millimeter-wave technology for 5G networks, multicellular heterogeneous networks, and energy-efficient mobile wireless network operations for 4G and beyond using HetNets. Finally, the authors delve into opportunistic multiconnect networks with P2P WiFi and cellular providers and video streaming over wireless channels for 4G and beyond.

We are at the dawn of an era in networking that has the potential to define a new phase of human existence. This era will be shaped by the digitization and connection of everything and everyone with the goal of automating much of life, effectively creating time by maximizing the efficiency of everything we do and augmenting our intelligence with knowledge that expedites and optimizes decision-making and everyday routines and processes. The Future X Network: A Bell Labs Perspective outlines how Bell Labs sees this future unfolding and the key technological breakthroughs needed at both the architectural and systems levels. Each chapter of the book is dedicated to a major area of change and the network and systems innovation required to realize the technological revolution that will be the essential product of this new digital future.