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Books > Computing & IT > Applications of computing > Image processing > General
This book is a detailed description of the basics of three-dimensional digital image processing. A 3D digital image (abbreviated as "3D image" below) is a digitalized representation of a 3D object or an entire 3D space, stored in a computer as a 3D array. Whereas normal digital image processing is concerned with screens that are a collection of square shapes called "pixels" and their corresponding density levels, the "image plane" in three dimensions is represented by a division into cubical graphical elements (called "voxels") that represent corresponding density levels. Inthecontextofimageprocessing,in manycases3Dimageprocessingwill refer to the input of multiple 2D images and performing processing in order to understand the 3D space (or "scene") that they depict. This is a result of research into how to use input from image sensors such as television cameras as a basis for learning about a 3D scene, thereby replicating the sense of vision for humans or intelligent robots, and this has been the central problem in image processing research since the 1970s. However, a completely di?erent type of image with its own new problems, the 3D digital image discussed in this book, rapidly took prominence in the 1980s, particularly in the ?eld of medical imaging. These were recordings of human bodies obtained through computed (or "computerized") tomography (CT),imagesthatrecordednotonlytheexternal,visiblesurfaceofthesubject but also, to some degree of resolution, its internal structure. This was a type of image that no one had experienced before.
For courses in Image Processing and Computer Vision. For years, Image Processing has been the foundational text for the study of digital image processing. The book is suited for students at the college senior and first-year graduate level with prior background in mathematical analysis, vectors, matrices, probability, statistics, linear systems, and computer programming. As in all earlier editions, the focus of this edition of the book is on fundamentals. The 4th Edition is based on an extensive survey of faculty, students, and independent readers in 5 institutions from 3 countries. Their feedback led to epanded or new coverage of topics such as deep learning and deep neural networks, including convolutional neural nets, the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), maimally-stable etremal regions (MSERs), graph cuts, k-means clustering and superpiels, active contours (snakes and level sets), and eact histogram matching. Major improvements were made in reorganising the material on image transforms into a more cohesive presentation, and in the discussion of spatial kernels and spatial filtering.
The best photographs start with proper attention behind the camera before you take them. Jon Tarrant shows you how to achieve this by fully explaining how digital cameras work so you too can achieve professional-looking results without having to resort to image manipulation on a computer. Jon explains all the basics of digital cameras: their anatomy;
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Digital technology now enables unparalleled functionality and flexibility in the capture, processing, exchange, and output of color images. But harnessing its potential requires knowledge of color science, systems, processing algorithms, and device characteristics-topics drawn from a broad range of disciplines. One can acquire the requisite background with an armload of physics, chemistry, engineering, computer science, and mathematics books and journals- or one can find it here, in the Digital Color Imaging Handbook.
Tile-based mapping systems have grown to become the dominant form of mapping system with the rise of Web-based mapping tools. The origin of this book is a desire to collect all our discoveries, techniques, and best practices for creating a til- mapping system into one combined volume. The intent of this text is to provide a comprehensive guide to the theory behind creating a tiled-map system as well as a practical guide to create a concrete implementation. Stennis Space Center, MS John Sample May 2010 Elias Ioup vii Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Naval Research Laboratory's Base Program, program element number 0602435N, for sponsoring this research. Additionally, the following people provided technical assistance without which this book would not have been possible: Perry Beason, Frank McCreedy, Norm Schoenhardt, Brett Hode, Bruce Lin, Annie Holladay, Juliette Ioup, and Hillary Mesick. ix Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1 Background of Web-Based Mapping Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2 Properties of tile-based mapping systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. 3 Book Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Logical Tile Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. 2 Global Logical Tile Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. 3 Blue Marble Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2. 4 Mercator-Based Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. 5 Variable Start Tile Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2. 6 Standardized Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 Tiled Mapping Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3. 1 Tile Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3. 1. 1 Discrete Map Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3. 1. 2 Continuous Map Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3. 2 Tile Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3. 2. 1 Local Tile Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Das Fachbuch liefert erstmals einen umfassenden Uberblick uber Konzeption, Produktion und Anwendung von 360 -Welten und erkundet damit die Potenziale eines neuen Marktes. Experten vermitteln den aktuellen Stand zu Themen wie den neurobiologischen Grundlagen, Story-Telling, Drehbuch, Visual Effects oder Projektionstechnologie. Daruber hinaus diskutieren sie Marketing- und Vertriebsfragen und geben einen Ausblick auf den Einsatz von Fullspace-Projektionen in Bildung, Entertainment und Medizin. Mit Projektskizzen als Beispiele fur Praxisanwendungen.
This is the third volume in a trilogy on modern Signal Processing. The three books provide a concise exposition of signal processing topics, and a guide to support individual practical exploration based on MATLAB programs. This book includes MATLAB codes to illustrate each of the main steps of the theory, offering a self-contained guide suitable for independent study. The code is embedded in the text, helping readers to put into practice the ideas and methods discussed. The book primarily focuses on filter banks, wavelets, and images. While the Fourier transform is adequate for periodic signals, wavelets are more suitable for other cases, such as short-duration signals: bursts, spikes, tweets, lung sounds, etc. Both Fourier and wavelet transforms decompose signals into components. Further, both are also invertible, so the original signals can be recovered from their components. Compressed sensing has emerged as a promising idea. One of the intended applications is networked devices or sensors, which are now becoming a reality; accordingly, this topic is also addressed. A selection of experiments that demonstrate image denoising applications are also included. In the interest of reader-friendliness, the longer programs have been grouped in an appendix; further, a second appendix on optimization has been added to supplement the content of the last chapter.
This book covers Curve Modeling with solutions to real life problems relating to Computer Graphics, Vision, Image Processing, Geometric Modeling and CAD/CAM. Chapters deal with basic concepts, curve design techniques and their use to various applications and a wide range of problems with their automated solutions through computers. The book provides an invaluable resource which focuses on interdisciplinary methods and affiliates up-to-date methodologies. It aims to stimulate provide a source where the reader can find the latest developments in the field including a variety of techniques, applications, and systems necessary for solving real life problems.
The book discusses major technical advances and research findings in the field of machine intelligence in medical image analysis. It examines the latest technologies and that have been implemented in clinical practice, such as computational intelligence in computer-aided diagnosis, biological image analysis, and computer-aided surgery and therapy. This book provides insights into the basic science involved in processing, analysing, and utilising all aspects of advanced computational intelligence in medical decision-making based on medical imaging.
Nonlinear is a buzzword for every broadcaster and facility house worldwide. Systems range from the humble to the exotic, and despite the growing acceptance of the technology, many users, both new and experienced, find the complexity of the operation and the time spent loading the material and rendering effects difficult to manage at first. Non-linear editing also comes with its own specialist language, requiring each editor to be conversant with a new range of skills from day one. As desktop systems improve the role of the traditional editor is constantly evolving and expanding.
An intuitive and accessible text explaining the fundamentals and applications of graph signal processing. Requiring only an elementary understanding of linear algebra, it covers both basic and advanced topics, including node domain processing, graph signal frequency, sampling, and graph signal representations, as well as how to choose a graph. Understand the basic insights behind key concepts and learn how graphs can be associated to a range of specific applications across physical, biological and social networks, distributed sensor networks, image and video processing, and machine learning. With numerous exercises and Matlab examples to help put knowledge into practice, and a solutions manual available online for instructors, this unique text is essential reading for graduate and senior undergraduate students taking courses on graph signal processing, signal processing, information processing, and data analysis, as well as researchers and industry professionals.
Signal processing is a broad and timeless area. The term "signal" includes audio, video, speech, image, communication, geophysical, sonar, radar, medical, and more. Signal processing applies to the theory and application of filtering, coding, transmitting, estimating, detecting, analyzing, recognizing, synthesizing, recording, and reproducing signals.
A comprehensive resource on airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, Airborne Circulatory Polarized SAR explains the theory, system design, hardware and software, and applications of airborne circularly polarized SAR in environmental monitoring and other uses. Readers learn how to build the hardware and software of circularly polarized SAR, the antenna system, and how to generate point target responses and images using the range doppler algorithm (RDA) from raw signal data. The book discusses applications and analyzing techniques using a circularly polarized SAR system and image processing. Images and MATLAB codes are provided to help professionals and researchers with their applications and future studies. Features 1. Provides the theory of circularly polarized wave and polarimetry related to system design, scattering analysis, polarimetric SAR, and applications in microwave remote sensing. 2. Explains the real radio frequency (RF) system and the original antenna, including circuit explanation and know-how of measurement technique to adjust to the required parameter in system design. 3. Discusses the technique of ground test and flight mission to calibrate and validate the performance of airborne circularly polarized SAR. 4. Highlights image signal processing with MATLAB codes and how to obtain a single look complex (SLC) image for further applications. 5. Includes several applications of airborne circularly polarized SAR from international leading experts. This book is beneficial to professionals, researchers, academics, and graduate students from disciplines such as Electronic Engineering; Radar Systems; Aerospace Engineering; Signal Processing; Image Processing; Environmental Remote Sensing.
This text discusses the applications and optimization of emerging smart technologies in the field of healthcare. It further explains different modeling scenarios of the latest technologies in the health care system and compare the results to better understand the nature and progress of the disease in the human body that leads to early diagnosis and better cure of disease and treatment with the help of distributed technology. Covers the implementation models using technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning with distributed systems for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Gives in-depth review of the technological advancements like advanced sensing technologies like Plasmonic sensors, usage of RFIDs and electronic diagnostic tools in the field of healthcare engineering Discusses possibilities of augmented reality and virtual reality interventions for providing unique solutions in medical science, clinical research, psychology, and neurological disorders Highlights the future challenges and risks involved in the application of smart technologies like Cloud computing, fog computing, IOT and distributed computing in heathcare. Confers to utilize the AI and ML and associated aids in healthcare sectors in the post Covid 19 to revitalize the medical set up Contributions included in the book will motivate the technological developers and researchers to develop new algorithms and protocols in healthcare field. It will serve as the vast place for knowledge regarding healthcare health care delivery, health care management, health care in governance, and health monitoring approaches using distributed environments. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and researchers in diverse engineering fields including electrical, electronics and communication, computer, and biomedical.
CUDA for Engineers gives you direct, hands-on engagement with personal, high-performance parallel computing, enabling you to do computations on a gaming-level PC that would have required a supercomputer just a few years ago. The authors introduce the essentials of CUDA C programming clearly and concisely, quickly guiding you from running sample programs to building your own code. Throughout, you'll learn from complete examples you can build, run, and modify, complemented by additional projects that deepen your understanding. All projects are fully developed, with detailed building instructions for all major platforms. Ideal for any scientist, engineer, or student with at least introductory programming experience, this guide assumes no specialized background in GPU-based or parallel computing. In an appendix, the authors also present a refresher on C programming for those who need it. Coverage includes Preparing your computer to run CUDA programs Understanding CUDA's parallelism model and C extensions Transferring data between CPU and GPU Managing timing, profiling, error handling, and debugging Creating 2D grids Interoperating with OpenGL to provide real-time user interactivity Performing basic simulations with differential equations Using stencils to manage related computations across threads Exploiting CUDA's shared memory capability to enhance performance Interacting with 3D data: slicing, volume rendering, and ray casting Using CUDA libraries Finding more CUDA resources and code Realistic example applications include Visualizing functions in 2D and 3D Solving differential equations while changing initial or boundary conditions Viewing/processing images or image stacks Computing inner products and centroids Solving systems of linear algebraic equations Monte-Carlo computations
Presenting statistical and stochastic methods for the analysis and design of technological systems in engineering and applied areas, this work documents developments in statistical modelling, identification, estimation and signal processing. The book covers such topics as subspace methods, stochastic realization, state space modelling, and identification and parameter estimation.
The problem of robotic and virtual interaction with physical objects has been the subject of research for many years in both the robotic manipulation and haptics communities. Both communities have focused much attention on human touch-based perception and manipulation, modelling contact between real or virtual hands and objects, or mechanism design. However, as a whole, these problems have not yet been addressed from a unified perspective. This edited book is the outcome of a well-attended workshop which brought together leading scholars from various branches of the robotics, virtual-reality, and human studies communities during the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. It covers some of the most challenging problems on the forefront of today's research on physical interaction with real and virtual objects, with special emphasis on modelling contacts between objects, grasp planning algorithms, haptic perception, and advanced design of hands, devices and interfaces.
With the vast development of Internet capacity and speed, as well as wide adop- tion of media technologies in people's daily life, a large amount of videos have been surging, and need to be efficiently processed or organized based on interest. The human visual perception system could, without difficulty, interpret and r- ognize thousands of events in videos, despite high level of video object clutters, different types of scene context, variability of motion scales, appearance changes, occlusions and object interactions. For a computer vision system, it has been be very challenging to achieve automatic video event understanding for decades. Broadly speaking, those challenges include robust detection of events under - tion clutters, event interpretation under complex scenes, multi-level semantic event inference, putting events in context and multiple cameras, event inference from object interactions, etc. In recent years, steady progress has been made towards better models for video event categorisation and recognition, e. g. , from modelling events with bag of spatial temporal features to discovering event context, from detecting events using a single camera to inferring events through a distributed camera network, and from low-level event feature extraction and description to high-level semantic event classification and recognition. Nowadays, text based video retrieval is widely used by commercial search engines. However, it is still very difficult to retrieve or categorise a specific video segment based on their content in a real multimedia system or in surveillance applications.
If you're new to ActionScript 3.0, this is the ideal introductory guide. Flash designers, developers, and programmers alike will find this book invaluable for navigating ActionScript 3.0's steeper learning curve. You'll learn the language and how it works through hands-on exercises that build skills as the book progresses. You will learn how to: * Harness the power and performance of ActionScript 3.0 * Manipulate text, work with sound and video, and draw with code * Animate graphics, create particle systems, and apply simple physics * Avoid common coding mistakes and reuse code for improved productivity * Load SWF, image, text, HTML, CSS, and XML file formats, and more This second edition enhances the text further with improvements to clarity and understanding, tighter code examples, and new material. The skills taught, and majority of code examples, are fully compatible with Flash Professional versions CS3 through the present. Select new features introduced in versions CS4 or CS5 round out the content, including: * Manipulating assets using the basic 3D engine in Flash Player 10 * Significantly improved text control using the new Text Layout Framework * Expanded access to the user's microphone at runtime, and more This acclaimed four-color book features illustrations and screenshots throughout, but also presents all code examples in color. Syntax-colored scripts help you quickly identify key elements of the language and make it easier to compare the printed code to your own. The companion website is an additional resource for source files, short quizzes to test your knowledge of key concepts, and valuable supplemental material. Learning ActionScript 3.0 explains topics using simple examples written in the timeline, but also introduces object-oriented programming over time so you can get the most out of your reading. Or, if you prefer, the companion website includes class-based examples for every chapter, allowing you to choose if and when you immerse yourself in OOP. Written by teachers for students, authors Rich Shupe and Zevan Rosser draw on their vast experience as Flash developers and instructors to give you a solid ActionScript foundation, without losing site of creativity.
The last half century has seen the development of many biological or physical t- ories that have explicitly or implicitly involved medial descriptions of objects and other spatial entities in our world. Simultaneously mathematicians have studied the properties of these skeletal descriptions of shape, and, stimulated by the many areas where medial models are useful, computer scientists and engineers have developed numerous algorithms for computing and using these models. We bring this kno- edge and experience together into this book in order to make medial technology more widely understood and used. The book consists of an introductory chapter, two chapters on the major mat- matical results on medial representations, ?ve chapters on algorithms for extracting medial models from boundary or binary image descriptions of objects, and three chapters on applications in image analysis and other areas of study and design. We hope that this book will serve the science and engineering communities using medial models and will provide learning material for students entering this ?eld. We are fortunate to have recruited many of the world leaders in medial theory, algorithms, and applications to write chapters in this book. We thank them for their signi?cant effort in preparing their contributions. We have edited these chapters and have combined them with the ?ve chapters that we have written to produce an integrated whole.
GPU programming in MATLAB is intended for scientists, engineers, or students who develop or maintain applications in MATLAB and would like to accelerate their codes using GPU programming without losing the many benefits of MATLAB. The book starts with coverage of the Parallel Computing Toolbox and other MATLAB toolboxes for GPU computing, which allow applications to be ported straightforwardly onto GPUs without extensive knowledge of GPU programming. The next part covers built-in, GPU-enabled features of MATLAB, including options to leverage GPUs across multicore or different computer systems. Finally, advanced material includes CUDA code in MATLAB and optimizing existing GPU applications. Throughout the book, examples and source codes illustrate every concept so that readers can immediately apply them to their own development.
This book explains the principles of biosignal processing and its practical applications using MATLAB. Topics include the emergence of biosignals, electrophysiology, analog and digital biosignal processing, signal discretization, electrodes, time and frequency analysis, analog and digital filters, Fourier-transformation, z-transformation, pattern recognition, statistical data analysis, physiological modelling and applications of EEG, ECG, EMG, PCG and PPG signals. Additional scientifi c contributions on motion analysis by guest authors Prof. Dr. J. Subke and B. Schneider as well as classification of PPG signals by Dr. U. Hackstein.
This second edition focuses on audio, image and video data, the three main types of input that machines deal with when interacting with the real world. A set of appendices provides the reader with self-contained introductions to the mathematical background necessary to read the book. Divided into three main parts, From Perception to Computation introduces methodologies aimed at representing the data in forms suitable for computer processing, especially when it comes to audio and images. Whilst the second part, Machine Learning includes an extensive overview of statistical techniques aimed at addressing three main problems, namely classification (automatically assigning a data sample to one of the classes belonging to a predefined set), clustering (automatically grouping data samples according to the similarity of their properties) and sequence analysis (automatically mapping a sequence of observations into a sequence of human-understandable symbols). The third part Applications shows how the abstract problems defined in the second part underlie technologies capable to perform complex tasks such as the recognition of hand gestures or the transcription of handwritten data. Machine Learning for Audio, Image and Video Analysis is suitable for students to acquire a solid background in machine learning as well as for practitioners to deepen their knowledge of the state-of-the-art. All application chapters are based on publicly available data and free software packages, thus allowing readers to replicate the experiments.
In processing food, hyperspectral imaging, combined with intelligent software, enables digital sorters (or optical sorters) to identify and remove defects and foreign material that are invisible to traditional camera and laser sorters. Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis and Applications for Food Quality explores the theoretical and practical issues associated with the development, analysis, and application of essential image processing algorithms in order to exploit hyperspectral imaging for food quality evaluations. It outlines strategies and essential image processing routines that are necessary for making the appropriate decision during detection, classification, identification, quantification, and/or prediction processes. Features Covers practical issues associated with the development, analysis, and application of essential image processing for food quality applications Surveys the breadth of different image processing approaches adopted over the years in attempting to implement hyperspectral imaging for food quality monitoring Explains the working principles of hyperspectral systems as well as the basic concept and structure of hyperspectral data Describes the different approaches used during image acquisition, data collection, and visualization The book is divided into three sections. Section I discusses the fundamentals of Imaging Systems: How can hyperspectral image cube acquisition be optimized? Also, two chapters deal with image segmentation, data extraction, and treatment. Seven chapters comprise Section II, which deals with Chemometrics. One explains the fundamentals of multivariate analysis and techniques while in six other chapters the reader will find information on and applications of a number of chemometric techniques: principal component analysis, partial least squares analysis, linear discriminant model, support vector machines, decision trees, and artificial neural networks. In the last section, Applications, numerous examples are given of applications of hyperspectral imaging systems in fish, meat, fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, dairy products, beverages, and food additives.
This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of creating presentation graphics using R, based on 111 detailed and complete scripts. It shows how bar and column charts, population pyramids, Lorenz curves, box plots, scatter plots, time series, radial polygons, Gantt charts, heat maps, bump charts, mosaic and balloon charts, and a series of different thematic map types can be created using R's Base Graphics System. Every example uses real data and includes step-by-step explanations of the figures and their programming. This second edition contains additional examples for cartograms, chord-diagrams and networks, and interactive visualizations with Javascript. The open source software R is an established standard and a powerful tool for various visualizing applications, integrating nearly all technologies relevant for data visualization. The basic software, enhanced by more than 14000 extension packs currently freely available, is intensively used by organizations including Google, Facebook and the CIA. The book serves as a comprehensive reference guide to a broad variety of applications in various fields. This book is intended for all kinds of R users, ranging from experts, for whom especially the example codes are particularly useful, to beginners, who will find the finished graphics most helpful in learning what R can actually deliver. |
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