Code switching seems to be natural for most multilingual speakers because they can switch from different languages freely depending on what is available in their linguistic repertoire. This collection of studies aims to bring current Malaysian code switching and language alternation research to the attention of a worldwide readership. In so doing we attempt to follow the path taken by our late friend, colleague and mentor, Professor Rodolfo Jacobson. The approach and conceptual framework adopted by the contributors in this volume tends to focus more towards the functional rather than the purely linguistic or grammatical. Research into Malaysian code switching demonstrates the need to seek out ways of merging these approaches, rather than keeping them separate, and several of the chapters in this volume attempt such a merger of approaches and methods.

The 1932 election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt seemed to hold the promise of Democratic domination for years to come. However, leading up to the 1936 election, persistent economic problems, a controversial domestic agenda, and the perception of a weak foreign policy were chipping away at public support. The president faced unrelenting criticism from both the Left and the Right, and it seemed unlikely that he would cruise to the same clear victory he enjoyed in 1932. But 1936 was yet another landslide win for FDR, which makes it easy to forget just how contested the campaign was. In Voting Deliberatively, Mary Stuckey examines little-discussed components of FDR's 1936 campaign that aided his victory. She reveals four elements of this reelection campaign that have not received adequate attention: the creation of public opinion, the attention paid to local organizations, the focus on specific kinds of interests, and the public rhetoric that tied it all together. Previous studies of the 1936 presidential election discuss elements such as FDR's vulnerability before the campaign and the weakness of Republican candidate Alf Landon. But these histories pay little attention to the quantity and quality of information Roosevelt acquired, the importance of organizations such as the Good Neighbor League and the Committee of One, the mobilization of the vote, and the ways in which these organizational strategies fused with Roosevelt's rhetorical strategies. Stuckey shows how these facets combined in one of the largest victories in Electoral College history and provided a template for future victory.

This book investigates the process of characterisation of secondary figures in Joyce's Ulysses. Drawing on theories from stylistics, pragmatics and narratology, this study explores the linguistic/literary interface of Joyce's novel focusing on the author's orchestration of different textual cues for presenting secondary characters as miniature examples of human complexity. Although grounded on solid theoretical bases and supported by sound methodological suggestions, this work provides the reader with a number of practical examples of character analysis which can be applied to any work of prose fiction. The characters selected for analysis are Buck Mulligan, Simon Dedalus, Mrs Breen and Milly Bloom. The thorough account of their textual characterisation uncovers the colourful individualities of Joyce's minor figures and reveals their intriguing potential for the contemporary reader.

When travelling, do you want to. . . -communicate accurately? -do more than just 'get by'? -make connections in a new language? Through twenty common scenarios plus culture and travel advice, you'll soon be practising the most frequent words and expressions you need for your travels. Get the words and phrases you need for ordering food, booking a hotel, meeting friends, shopping and more. You can download the audio files on these discs from your computer to your MP3 player or play them in an MP3 CD player. You'll also get a coursebook PDF for reading practice and a handy phrasebook to take away with you. Through our interactive Discovery Method, you'll: -Progress in your understanding by working out language patterns for yourself. -Personalize your Korean with interactive role-plays. -Perfect your pronunciation and sound more natural. Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years.

This book is a user-friendly language guide for basic spoken Japanese.
More than a phrase book, "Conversational Japanese" provides basic material for practical day-to-day communication. Through hundreds of example sentences and dialogs, as well as thorough explanations of the customs involved, learners will know what to say and do when: Meeting new people. Reserving a hotel room. Buying a train ticket. Offering a gift. Writing email, business letters, cards and thank-you notes.This book is about communication. As we all know communication is more than just language. Our body language is just as important, as we all brng a host of personal and cultural baggage to each conversation we have. To communicate successfully in another culture and speak Japanese we need more than the bare bones of the language. We need to understand the given norms of that society, how people interact, how things work, what the system is, how to navigate and manipulate those systems--in short, how to use the language in context. This book aims to prepare you for situations you are likely to find yourself in if you go to Japan to visit or to work. Every chapter starts with a short introduction giving background knowledge for that topic; then there are dialogues based on real-life situations which give you you the words and phrases you need to manage a wide range of daily tasks from getting on with the neighbors, to buying a phone, shopping on the internet, sightseeing, visiting clients or giving a speech.
This is not a programmed language course; rather it is aimed at people who have taken such a course or have otherwise mastered the basics of the language, though even beginners picking up this book will gain confidence and proficiency in interacting with the Japanese in many ordinary situations. This book fills a gap, is interesting and fun to read, and serves as a stimulus to further study. The Japanese language is kept simple and clear and strikes a balance between Japanese textbook language and colloquial Japanese language. Real life Japanese conversations are untidy and elliptical. Unlike most language books, "Conversational Japanese" does not restrict the use of kanji ("Chinese characters"), and the sentences are written in the usual Japanese combination of kana ("hiragana" and "katakana") and kanji. Since learning kanji is a difficult task, "Conversational Japanese" includes romanji (Romanized Japanese) for each word or phrase. As you progress, using kanji and kana will become easier to remember and you should be able to pick up new kanji over time. Soon you your abilities to speak Japanese, comprehend Japanese, read Japanese and write Japanese will be improved.

All human activity takes place in space and time in one way or another, which is consequently reflected in our language. We not only talk about space and time but also cannot but ground our linguistic activity in space and time. Furthermore, space and time are closely, although asymmetrically, related in our experience and we often think and talk about one in terms of the other. Specifically, time is conceived in terms of space far more frequently than vice versa. The volume contains a selection of essays that are revised versions of papers presented at the 23rd annual conference of the Croatian Applied Linguistics Society (CALS), entitled "Space and Time in Language: Language in Space and Time", which took place from 21 to 23 May 2009 in Osijek (Croatia).

This book examines how Japanese learners of English learned about managing politeness while they were studying at language schools in New Zealand. Specifically, it investigates how they learned to produce and interpret a range of disagreement strategies during oppositional talk with native speakers of English. Employing a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to data analysis, the book discusses the initial pragmatic competence of the learners, and describes how their competence developed over a ten-week period. The book outlines some points of cultural divergence which may have influenced the direction and the extent of the learners' pragmatic development. It also sheds light on the language-acquisition strategies utilised by the learners during their tenure in the host culture. Most crucially, the book illuminates patterns of directness and indirectness in the learners' selected disagreement strategies. These patterns challenge the generally accepted theory that politeness always increases with social distance.

This volume is made up of 17 chapters which have developed out of papers and workshop sessions presented at the event entitled «Corpora: Seminar and Workshops, held at the University of Padua, March 29-31, 2007. It maintains the straightforward, practical approach which characterized that event, meant as an introduction to the use of corpora even for novices. At the same time it goes into a wide range of different applications for corpora in language teaching and language research in higher education. One of these involves the creation and use of learner corpora. Another application involves corpus-assisted research into political discourse in the media. Language for special purposes is also focussed on as a research topic, an academic discipline, and language to be translated. Multimodal corpora are also considered. Proposals are made for corpus-based research into the language of films, and into translation (and mediation) universals. A corpus-based study of text complexity in reading tests is also presented. Large-scale corpora commercially available are also discussed. An online module for translator training is presented, as is an Internet-accessible corpus of Old English poetry.

This entertaining and innovative book focuses on vocal performance styles that developed in tandem with the sound technologies of the phonograph, radio, and sound film. Writing in a clear and lively style, Jacob Smith looks at these media technologies and industries through the lens of performance, bringing to light a fascinating nexus of performer, technology, and audience. Combining theories of film sound, cultural histories of sound technologies and industries, and theories of performance, Smith convincingly connects disparate and largely neglected performance niches to explore the development of a modern vocal performance. "Vocal Tracks: Performance and Sound Media "demonstrates the voice to be a vehicle of performance, identity, and culture and illustrates both the interconnection of all these categories and their relation to the media technologies of the past century.

This book deals with the notion of reformulation and more specifically with a group of lexico-grammatical units which help codify and signal the activity of reformulation in English. While discourse markers in English have been described in detail, the area of reformulation is a relatively unexplored area in comparison with languages such as French or Spanish. In this respect, this book has been conceived as a contribution to the field of Discourse Markers and in particular to the markers that help display the function of reformulation in English. First of all, a definition of the notion of reformulation is provided as a necessary precondition for the elaboration of a taxonomy of English reformulators. These are grouped into different classes and sub-classes on the basis of the type of reformulation effected. Thus, four main types are identified: Expansion, Modification, Reassessment and Compression. After an inductive and interpretive analysis of examples taken from the British National Corpus (BNC), the syntactic and distributional properties of these units, as well as their environments of use are described and discussed.

This book explores the intercultural problems related to the widespread use of English in written and oral communication by native and non-native speakers in institutional and business settings. Each chapter looks at a different set of issues emerging from the confrontation of cultures across national, institutional and organizational discourse communities, taking an intercultural or cross-cultural approach. The focus is on workplace settings, both in institutional and business contexts (e.g. politics, public services, media, international corporate communication, advertising, business negotiations, etc.). The theme is all the more interesting today not only in consideration of the sheer magnitude of this phenomenon and its capillary spread, but above all on account of the pervasive penetration of English into professional and workplace contexts as a communication language also for local/internal communication. The complexity of intercultural communication as an object of research is reflected in the variety of the topics explored, the range of settings investigated, and the diversity of methodological approaches taken.

One of the biggest hurdles to mastering a second language is learning how to speak naturally. Here is a humorous, one-of-a-kind program that teaches readers how to carry a conversation without sounding stilted or awkward. Spanish Among Amigosallows language learners to eavesdrop on two native speakers and their befuddled English-speaking friend Tom. As they talk about a host of topics, the reader becomes accustomed to conversing naturally in Spanish.

Each of the books 21 units of dialogue includes:

• A multiple-choice comprehension check
  
• A vocabulary quiz
  
• Hints on grammar and usage
  

Jeffrey Jacobi, a Juilliard-trained voice coach, shows how anyone can gain a competitive edge by fully utilizing his or her natural speaking qualities. This book will guide readers step by step through self- tests, exercises, and sample speeches that will help them to develop a strong, clear, authoritative voice that projects an aura of power, confidence, and persuasiveness; overcome common speech problems like poor enunciation, rapid-fire speech, monotonous delivery, and a nervous, shaky sound; diminish accents; and eliminate other distracting and self-defeating speech problems that can often determine success or failure in business.

Die Pragmatik der deutschen Sprache gibt eine umfangreiche Beschreibung der sprachlichen Handlungsmoeglichkeiten des Deutschen. Der erste Teil des Buches erlautert und definiert die Grundbegriffe: Sprecher und Hoerer, Sprechakt, Sprechplan, Kommunikationsmuster, Lokution, Illokution, Perlokution, Systematik der illokutiven Klassen und illokutive Historik und Entstehung der Sprache(n) u.v.a. Der zweite Teil umfasst das Lexikon der illokutiven Typen. Hier werden ca. 500 Sprechakte in ihrer illokutiven Eigenart beschrieben und definiert. Der dritte Teil enthalt ca. 200 Sprechplane, die jeweils mit Beispielen vorgestellt und in ihrer Struktur beschrieben werden. Ausfuhrliche Personen- und Sachregister machen das Buch als Nachschlagewerk geeignet.

The Fast Track Classics series enables students to experience the pleasure of reading well-known classic novels.
These shortened classic novels cater for every taste whether it is the delightful story of Little Women, the gripping adventure of Kidnapped, the compelling and poignant Phantom of the Opera, or the dark and mysterious drama of Jane Eyre.
Each book is a manageable size, with short chapters and helpful illustrations. The introduction gives a synopsis of the plot and a short biography of the author.
Carefully designed with lexical structures and vocabulary to match the ability of the student, Fast Track Classics still convey the essence of these powerful stories and lose none of their characterisation.

"Journalism Matters" is designed to introduce your students into the world of working journalists. Every section of this engaging textbook will help prepare your students for the challenges of school newspapers, magazines, yearbooks, even television and radio programs. The theme of "Journalism Matters" is the ethical responsibility that journalists hold in today's multicultural community. This comprehensive text will give your students a broad overview of news media with rewarding activities and compelling examples.