Este trabajo constituye una descripcion funcional de una variedad poco estudiada del guarani paraguayo: el guarani "correntino", modalidad tradicional del guarani del nordeste argentino. El estudio presenta las caracteristicas fonologicas y gramaticales de esta variedad en vistas a comprender el grado de su diferenciacion dialectal asi como su posicion dentro de los dialectos del guarani meridional - criollo e indigena - hablado en las tierras bajas sudamericanas. Con una vision comparativa, entablando una discusion permanente con destacados autores de esta larga tradicion de estudios (Emma Gregores y Jorge Suarez, Wolf Dietrich, Aryon Rodrigues, entre otros) este trabajo constituye no solo una aproximacion critica a los estudios de lenguas tupi-guaranies actuales, sino tambien una tesis novedosa e insoslayable en torno a la caracterizacion tipologica del guarani. La rica introduccion historica y sociolinguistica que precede la descripcion linguistica, por otra parte, hace de esta obra un estudio de gran interes no solo para la linguistica funcional, sino tambien para disciplinas afines como la dialectologia, el contacto linguistico, la creolistica y los estudios de lenguas minoritarias.

Die interdisziplinar angelegte Studie verbindet ein sprachwissenschaftliches mit einem strafrechtlichen Erkenntnisinteresse: So werden aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Perspektive Entschuldigungs- und Entschuldigungsannahmehandlungen als spezifische Rituale in einem strafrechtlich relevanten Kontext, namlich dem Tater-Opfer-Ausgleich untersucht. Die Autorin spurt dabei theoretisch wie empirisch der sprachlichen Form dieses Rituals, seiner gesprachsorganisatorischen Lokalisierung sowie seiner pragmatischen Organisation als Sprechaktsequenz nach. Die entsprechenden Befunde werden strafrechtlich gerahmt: So zeigt die Autorin, in welche diskursiven Prozesse Entschuldigung und Entschuldigungsannahme im Rahmen des Tater-Opfer-Ausgleichs eingebettet sind, d.h. ob die Durchfuhrung dieses Rituals von den Mediatoren der Ausgleichsgesprache als Erfolgskriterium betrachtet wird und inwiefern sein Gelingen von der Sprachkompetenz aller Beteiligten abhangt.

Diese Arbeit analysiert den Einfluss von verschiedenen Faktoren auf die Grussformelwahl der Deutschen und der Russen und ermittelt via Fragebogenerhebung und mithilfe von kontrastiv-pragmatischen und deskriptiv-inferenzstatistischen Methoden - t-Test und Binomialtest - die kritischen Situationen mit einem hohen interkulturellen Konfliktpotential. Die Faktoren Distanz und Hierarchie scheinen den groessten Einfluss auf das deutsche und russische Grussverhalten zu haben. Situationen mit einem konvergierenden Bekanntheitsgrad- und Hierarchieverhaltnis zwischen den Interaktanten stellen sich als kritisch heraus: Es kann eine Nicht-Adaquatheit zwischen den deutschen Grussformeln 'Hallo' und 'Tschuss' und den russischen 'Privet' und 'Poka' trotz ihrer AEquivalenz festgestellt werden.

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Outline of English Pronunciation

Este volumen recoge una seleccion de las comunicaciones presentadas en el Congreso Internacional sobre Descortesia y violencia verbal en espanol, organizado por el Grupo de investigacion Argumentacion y persuasion en Linguistica en la Universidad de Sevilla durante los dias 5 al 7 de noviembre de 2008. Los estudios aqui presentados se caracterizan, pues, por describir en diferentes corpora como el lenguaje se utiliza para crear una relacion social armonica, o, por el contrario, para producir un choque frontal con el receptor o danar su imagen. En ellos se abordan las diferentes normas que cada grupo social, situacion interactiva o tipo de texto impone. De esta manera, hay aportaciones sobre sus manifestaciones en la sintaxis, la prosodia o la semantica que se basan en la lengua de los medios de comunicacion, en interacciones orales en ambitos coloquiales o formales como, por ejemplo, los debates parlamentarios, y en discursos del espanol peninsular y americano. El rigor cientifico presente en todos ellos hace que sus conclusiones supongan un verdadero avance en el diseno de las relaciones entre lenguaje y sociedad.

Das Arzt-Patient-Gesprach wurde als das "Herz der Medizin" bezeichnet. Unbestritten ist die Bedeutung fur die Gesundung und das Wohlbefinden der Patientinnen und Patienten, aber auch der AErztinnen und AErzte selbst. Wie viel wissen wir uber Gesprachsverlaufe und Auswirkungen des sprachlichen Handelns von AErztinnen und AErzten? Diese Arbeit zeigt, mit welcher Methodik vielfaltige Befunde der Gesprachsforschung systematisch in einer ubergreifenden Synthese zusammengefuhrt werden koennen. Das Ergebnis zeigt sich als Entwurf einer Systematik des sprachlichen Handelns von AErztinnen und AErzten in neun Gesprachskomponenten, die in 46 Handlungstypen entfaltet werden. Die Fulle dokumentierter Gesprachsausschnitte und systemtheoretischer UEberlegungen macht das Buch zur Fundgrube fur Praxis, Lehre und weiterfuhrende Forschung.

Das Thema des Buches befasst sich mit diachronischer Syntaxforschung. Speziell geht es um klitische und nichtklitische Objektpronomen bei Infinitivkomplementen. Das Thema wird im Grenzbereich zwischen Morphologie und Syntax behandelt. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle die klitischen Objektpronomen fur die Struktur von Infinitivkonstruktionen spielen. Die Infinitivkonstruktionen im Altfranzoesischen weisen eine systematisch andere Distribution als die im Altitalienischen auf. Insbesondere meidet das Altfranzoesische geradezu, Objektklitika mit Infinitiven zu kombinieren. Erst im Mittelfranzoesischen kommen Objektklitika regular bei Infinitiven vor. Damit beginnen die Infinitivkonstruktionen, eine vergleichbare Distribution aufzuweisen wie altitalienische Infinitivstrukturen. In diesem Buch wird dieses Phanomenbundel strukturtheoretisch im Rahmen der generativen Grammatik erklart.

UEber Sprechakte reden bedeutet fur Sprechakttheoretiker in der Regel uber Illokutionen reden. Seltsamerweise, denn sprechend zu wirken ist der wesentliche Antrieb fur verbale Kommunikation. Eine der interessantesten Fragen durfte doch wohl sein, wie Sprechende es schaffen, vermittels des Gesprochenen so zu wirken, wie sie wirken. Welches Bewirkungspotential haben AEusserungen? Um diese Frage beantworten zu koennen, muss man wissen, welche Wirkungen uberhaupt erzielt werden koennen. Dieses Wissen hat sich im Sprachschatz sedimentiert. Die grosse Anzahl einfacher Verben wie uberzeugen, uberreden oder uberraschen zur Bezeichnung von Akten mit Effekten lasst den hohen Stellenwert perlokutionarer Krafte im Deutschen erkennen. In dieser Arbeit wird mittels der Analyse der Vernetzung perlokutionarer Ausdrucke, des Systems der Querverweise in Bedeutungsangaben und Belegstellen, die lexikalische Struktur des Perlokutionaren freigelegt.

This intermediate language text, written for those who already have a basic knowledge of Vietnamese, stresses conversational skills. The goal is to help students communicate effectively and absorb meaning through speaking, listening, reading, and writing, incorporating the most up-to-date features of the interactive approach to language learning. The book provides insights into Vietnam's multifaceted culture. Each of the 24 chapters includes a list of competencies to be achieved and concepts to be studied; vocabulary lists, pronunciation drills, dialogues, and oral activities; a section devoted to grammar with exercises, and explanations in English; proverbs and popular phrases to be memorized and recited; situations to help achieve fluidity of speech in real-life communication; a summary of vocabulary, grammar pointsk and pattern sentences for review; a listening section; and Vietnamese newspaper articles with reading and writing assignments. The text also includes a glossary and an index to grammar notes. Review lessons following every three chapters are designed to keep the learner current at all times. Audio files can be found online at https://doi.org/10.6069/9780295980898.s01.

Looking for a convenient way to build your Arabic vocabulary without drills, books, homework or long lists to memorize? HOW DOES IT WORK? In this five-hour intermediate level audio course, Michel Thomas Method teachers Jane Wightwick and Mahmoud Gaafar introduce over 600 new words and everyday phrases and the tools to allow you to create thousands more through the application of simple rules for building more words for concepts, people, places, adjectives and verbs. Learning alongside two genuine students, you will acquire essential language building blocks which allow you to increase your vocabulary in manageable, enjoyable steps by thinking out answers for yourself. You will learn at your own pace, pausing and repeating where necessary. You'll stick with it, because you'll love it. WHY IS IT SO SUCCESSFUL? Unlike most vocabulary courses which give you lists of words to memorize, the Michel Thomas Method based Egyptian Arabic Vocabulary Course allows you to further extend your vocabulary by unlocking what you already know. The course is designed to take advantage of the logical construction of Arabic, in which by altering words in predictable ways (e.g. by mimicking word patterns or adding regular prefixes and suffixes), you will exponentially build up your knowledge and understanding of the language. WHO IS THE COURSE FOR? Whether you have learned from other Michel Thomas Method courses or are simply looking for a new approach to help improve your proficiency, the high-beginner to Intermediate level Egyptian Arabic Vocabulary Course will introduce you to a unique way of acquiring language that will significantly boost your confidence in your ability to speak and understand Arabic. It is a Phase 2 course and should be used after you have completed the Intermediate Arabic Course. The course teaches Egyptian Arabic, as this variety is understood throughout the Arabic-speaking world owing to its dissemination through film and popular culture. What's in the Course?* Egyptian Arabic Vocabulary Course includes five audio CDs. The booklet is available to download from www.michelthomas.com. *Note that the course content is the same as the previously entitled Arabic Vocabulary Builder+ course, but does not include a CD-ROM. LEARN ANYWHERE AND ANYTIME! Reclaim your pockets of free time to learn a new language! Don't be tied to chunky books or your computer, Michel Thomas Method audio courses let you learn whenever and wherever you want, in as little or as much time as you have.

This edition of Professor Allen's highly successful book is on the pronunciation of Attic Greek in classical times. In this third edition, Allen has revised the section on stress in classical Greek, the chapter on quantity has been recast, and the author has added an appendix on the names and letters of the Greek alphabet, to provide a parallel and historical background to the similar appendix in the second edition of his Vox Latina. The total amount of revision since the first edition has made it necessary to reset the whole book, so in addition to the new material, the supplementary notes of the second edition are now incorporated into the main text making this book much more convenient to use.

Colloquial Russian 2 is the ideal way to refresh your knowledge of the language and to extend your skills. Structured to give you the opportunity to listen to and read lots of modern, everyday Russian, Colloquial Russian 2 has been developed to work systematically on reinforcing and extending your grasp of Russian grammar, vocabulary, intercultural communication skills, and understanding of contemporary Russian society. New to this edition: revision material to help consolidate and build up learners' basics; a wide range of authentic and up-to-date reading materials, including blogs, forums, surveys, opinion pieces, and commentaries; exercises based on role plays, group activities, and debating techniques, aimed at developing oral communication and expanding vocabulary range of learners; and new audio material including authentic and up-to-date audio excerpts. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Sound Patterns of Spoken English is a concise, to-the-point compendium of information about the casual pronunciation of everyday English as compared to formal citation forms. The book examines changes that occur to certain sounds and in certain parts of words and syllables in the casual, unmonitored speech of native English speakers. It outlines major phonological processes found in conversational English; reviews and criticizes attempts to include these processes in phonological theory; and surveys experimental approaches to explaining casual English pronunciation. Among the varieties of English covered are General American and Standard Southern British, but many other accents are mentioned, especially those of mainland Britain. Sound Patterns of Spoken English is of interest to students and scholars in a wide variety of fields, including sociolinguistics, lexicography, rhetoric, language learning and speech sciences, and has an accompanying website - http://www. blackwellpublishing. com/shockey - with examples from different accents.

This introduction is tailored for a one or two term undergraduate course on North American English pronunciation. The book assumes no prior knowledge of the study of speech sounds, but guides the reader step-by-step through the main concepts and methods of a phonetic and phonological analysis of a representative North American English variety. After a brief introduction to the history of English in North America, the first of the books three parts deals with the classification and description of individual consonants and vowels. The second part is concerned with issues such as word stress, syllables, rhythm and intonation. The third part has variation and change as topics, both optional present-day and historical variations, and concludes with an outline of the main regional dialects in North America. Each of the ten chapters is aided by a concise summary followed by a list of further reading, and an index helps the reader finding all the important terms. Offering comprehensive knowledge on all aspects of North American English pronunciation, the books aims to fill a gap in the study of English pronunciation, which for some time has lacked a thorough and updated introduction to the variety spoken in North America.

Learn to speak Italian as fluently as Italians do-an indispensable guide, now with a timely new chapter on remote communication Whether you're learning Italian now at an intermediate level or looking to brush up on your Italian conversational skills, Practice Makes Perfect: Italian Conversation offers a unique and effective way to learn to speak the language fluently and spontaneously. You'll get a handle on sentence building right away, through extensive exercises that let you practice what you've learned through engaging dialogues and numerous real-life examples. Based on the successful approach of the Practice Makes Perfect series, Practice Makes Perfect: Italian Conversation, Premium Third Edition is organized around 11 units that present specific conversational functions, from Striking Up a Conversation to Giving Opinions, each exemplified with short dialogues that are also available as audio recordings via app. The units provide you the opportunity not simply to converse, but to build and support your knowledge of the language with essential instruction on correct pronunciation, grammar, syntax and word usage. Proven approach to learning helps you get a handle on Italian conversation right away, and build on your learnings as you go Supported by audio recordings, via app, of all 60 dialogues, plus numerous exercise answers 850 exercise questions help you practice what you've learned through dialogues and practical examples A special conversational "markers" table in the index shows important elements of conversation that have no exact equivalents in English NEW: Includes a timely chapter on remote communication (video conferencing)