This volume provides methods to analyze the meningococcus and its interactions with biologically relevant host cells and sites, to interrogate the population structure and biology of the meningococcus that defines its capacity to cause disease, and to aid in vaccine development and surveillance. Many of these methods are applicable to the close relative, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and several of the methods described can also be used in investigating host-pathogen interactions for a range of other organisms. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Neisseria meningitidis: Methods and Protocols will allow for the use of these methods by more laboratories and foster collaboration and consistency in investigations of this enigmatic and dangerous pathogen.

In the 11 years since this atlas first published, the immunology field has experienced an exponential increase in information. Besides the unprecedented advances in knowledge of cell receptors and signal transduction pathways, an avalanche of new information has been gleaned from contemporary research concerning cytokines and chemokines, with special reference to their structure and function.

Visually Enhances Definitions in the Language of Immunology
Now with more than 1300 illustrations, Atlas of Immunology, Third Edition is the most thorough and up-to-date treatment of essentially all concepts needed to comprehend the complex science of immunology.

Completely revised and expanded, this third edition features:

• Hundreds of new illustrations
• Two new chapters Immunophenotyping of Hematopoietic Malignances and Immunomodulators
• An expanded chapter on the history of immunology
• Additional human CD markers

Written in a highly readable, two-column format, this complete reference covers a wide array of subjects, with content ranging from photographs of field pioneers to illustrations of molecular structures of recently characterized cell receptors, chemokines, and cytokines. The atlas also addresses the major histocompatability complex molecules, immunoglobulins, hematopoietic cells in leukemia, and molecules of related interest to immunologists. You won t find another publication anywhere that matches the breadth or detail of illustrated immunological concepts."

Examines how conspiracy theories and related forms of misinformation and disinformation about the Covid-19 pandemic have circulated widely around the world. Commissioned by recognised experts on area studies and conspiracy theories, making use of the existing COMPACT (Comparative Analysis of Conspiracy Theories) network run by Butter and Knight. Presents case studies on how Covid conspiracism has played out, using a range of methods from a variety of disciplinary perspectives.

Examines how conspiracy theories and related forms of misinformation and disinformation about the Covid-19 pandemic have circulated widely around the world. Commissioned by recognised experts on area studies and conspiracy theories, making use of the existing COMPACT (Comparative Analysis of Conspiracy Theories) network run by Butter and Knight. Presents case studies on how Covid conspiracism has played out, using a range of methods from a variety of disciplinary perspectives.

This volume explains why newly emerging infections, stealth viral diseases, chronic fatigue, and immune deficiency illnesses are among the most important health problems today. Dr Williams presents theories on immunity, describing how the immune system defends against viruses, and discussing why our immune systems are breaking down. He offers a comprehensive ten-step plan for enhancing immunity and treating viral conditions.

v(D)J recombination: for the community of immunologists and developmental biologists, the molecular route by which B and T lymphocytes acquire their unique function of affording adaptive immunity. Yet, for many-from experienced scientists to trainees-it represents a (rather too) sophisticated process whose true insight is excessively demanding. However, when not simplyconsidered as a private ground for a few aficionados, it can be seen as a way of understanding how maturelympho cytes carry on their basic functions. For the group of aficionados-which includes this editor-it is an elegant paradigm featuring many fascinating evolutionary achievements of which the biological world alone has the secret. These include a subtle biochemical principle most likelyhijacked some 470 million years ago from an ancestral gene invader and since then cleverly adapted by jawed vertebrates to precisely cleave and rearrange their antigen receptor (Ig andTCR)loci. This invader would itself have assigned the services of the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNArepair machinery as well as various DNApolymerases or transferases to work in concert with developmental clues in lymphoid cell lineages to generate an immune repertoire and efficient host surveillance while avoiding autoimmunity. Recently, important new refinements in these systems have emerged, continuing to challenge ourknowledge andbeliefs. These arejust thetopics covered by the senior authors-all established leaders in this field-and their colleagues, whilst writing the various chapters in V(D)J Recombination.

This book highlights the concordance between signaling pathways that are involved in obesity and cancer cross-talks. It describes the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, insulin, and adipokines in the development of obesity-associated cancers. The book reviews the role of inflammatory signaling pathways such as estrogen-mediated signaling, mTOR and AMP-activated protein kinase pathway and the involvement of adaptive and innate immunity, oxidative stress, gene polymorphism, dietary phytochemicals, and miRNAs in obesity and cancer. In addition, it covers the latest research on the drugs and natural therapeutic agents that target obesity-induced cancers and discusses various in vivo models for studying obesity and obesity-associated cancer. Lastly, it analyses the role of genetic polymorphisms in the obesity-related genes that influence cancer development. The book is a useful resource for researchers in the field of cancer, pharmacology, food chemistry, and clinical biochemistry.

This detailed book serves as a systematic examination of the analytical methods to study the transcription factor NF- B in physiology and disease. It provides an up-to-date guidebook to navigate both conventional and highly specialized methods to detect and analyze the different signaling pathways of NF- B activation and contextualize them within organismal physiology and disease pathogenesis, using genetic and biochemical techniques and some of the most advanced computational and systems biology methods. Additionally, the volume includes several examples of approaches utilized by leading experts in the NF- B field to analyze and modulate NF- B signaling in specific physiological and disease contexts, along with some of the most promising approaches to pharmacologically target the NF- B pathway in human disease. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, NF- B Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols is an up-to-date guide intended for both basic and translational scientists who are working in the dynamic NF- B field.

This book explains about amino acids (AAs) which are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signaling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular-weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds, and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole-body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health, and well-being of individuals.

The book comprehensively reviews and provides detailed insight into the cellular and molecular signalling mechanisms involved in pathophysiology of various respiratory diseases, towards developing effective therapeutic strategies in the management and treatment of lung disease. It also covers promising advances in the field of therapeutics that could lead to novel clinical therapies capable of preventing or reversing the disease features including novel strategies for targeting chronic lung diseases using advanced drug delivery systems. Importantly, the book examines the significance and relevance of the plant extracts and their constituents with therapeutic efficiencies against lung diseases. As such, the book offers a blend of translational, biological, chemical, and drug delivery aspects relevant to respiratory diseases, thus, offering a valuable resource for pulmonologists and translational researchers working in the field of pulmonary biology and respiratory medicine.

Lupus shares Wise Betty's #MeNow movement to not only help those with Lupus find their path to ultimate healing and success in their health and well-being, but also to learn the best natural practices from those who have traveled the road ahead of them. Being diagnosed with Lupus can be terrifying. People are told they will get better if they do just what the doctors say. But what happens when they don't? What happens when the symptoms get worse? Wise Betty has lived with Lupus all her adult life. Along the way, she has learned of many natural remedies that have led her to full remission. Lupus details those remedies for readers with Lupus and other autoimmune diseases, while also inviting them into Wise's #MeNow community, a self-healing movement bringing together patients walking similar paths of self-healing. In Lupus, readers learn why it's called "the disease of a thousand faces," why most people with Lupus never heal their symptoms (and how to be different), what science and evidence-based medicine reveal the most successful Lupus patients do, and more! The journey to a better self is just beginning.

Leading researchers are specially invited to provide a complete understanding of a key topic within the multidisciplinary fields of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. In a form immediately useful to scientists, this periodical aims to filter, highlight and review the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields.

This volume provides a critical response to the COVID-19 pandemic showcasing the full range of issues and perspectives that the discipline of geography can expose and bring to the table, not only to this specific event, but to others like it that might occur in future. Comprised of almost 60 short (2500 word) easy to read chapters, the collection provides numerous theoretical, empirical and methodological entry points to understanding the ways in which space, place and other geographical phenomenon are implicated in the crisis. Although falling under a health geography book series, the book explores the centrality and importance of a full range of biological, material, social, cultural, economic, urban, rural and other geographies. Hence the book bridges fields of study and sub-disciplines that are often regarded as separate worlds, demonstrating the potential for future collaboration and cross-disciplinary inquiry. Indeed book articulates a diverse but ultimately fulsome and multiscalar geographical approach to the major health challenge of our time, bringing different types of scholarship together with common purpose. The intended audience ranges from senior undergraduate students and graduate students to professional academics in geography and a host of related disciplines. These scholars might be interested in COVID-19 specifically or in the book's broad disciplinary approach to infectious disease more generally. The book will also be helpful to policy-makers at various levels in formulating responses, and to general readers interested in learning about the COVID-19 crisis.

Multiple Myeloma remains an incurable malignancy. As the disease progresses, it invariably becomes resistant to treatment and almost all patients develop refractory disease. There are multiple different types of targeted therapies and many of them are used in combination at different stages of disease. Targeted therapies that are approved to be used include Proteasome Inhibitors, Immunomodulatory Drugs and Monoclonal Antibodies. Second and third generations of these drugs are developed to overcome resistance and they have unique mechanism of actions. Targeted therapies that are undergoing clinical trials include CAR-T cells, bi-specific antibodies, vaccines, ubiquitin ligase inhibitors and BCL-2 inhibitors. This book will help to develop an understanding of targeted therapies in Multiple Myeloma. Its goal is to provide a unique review of the mechanism of action and resistance of the many targeted therapies in Multiple Myeloma by leaders of the field. The book will be useful for students in medical science, clinicians, health professionals, scientists, pharmaceutical professionals, drug developers, and policy makers. This book will provide an insightful knowledge of the biology of Multiple Myeloma, the mechanism of action and resistance of targeted therapies, application of biomarkers and genomics and possible strategies in overcoming resistance and future development.

This new edition explores lab protocols describing new techniques to study cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs), as well as chapters of a more general discursive nature, all with an emphasis on the use of systems biology in immunology. Beginning with phenotypical characterization of CTL populations, the volume continues with in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity assays, methods to detect senescent T cells, in vivo and in vitro models to understand immune and bone cells cross-talk, microscopy and in vivo imaging, as well as "Omics" approaches and molecular methods, concluding with chapters on CTL involvement in transplantation and link microbiota-immunity. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters feature the kind of detail and key implementation advice for best results in the lab. Authoritative and up-to-date, Cytotoxic T-Cells: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide for researchers working with these vital cells.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the associated ER proteins, it discusses their structure, function and signaling mechanisms in the cell and their role in disease. This book also offers insights into the practical aspects of research and demonstrates the use of non-mammalian models to study the structure and function of the ER. Written by leading experts in the field, the book enables readers to gain a thorough understanding of current ER biology. It is intended for scientists and clinical researchers working on the endoplasmic reticulum in all its various roles and facets in health and disease.

This book gives a comprehensive overview to all aspects of global molecular vaccine research. It introduces concepts of vaccine immunology and molecular vaccine development for viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. Furthermore, the broad field of research and development in molecular cancer vaccines is discussed in detail. This book is a must have for scientists and clinicians interested in new developments in molecular vaccine research and application in infections and cancer.

Lung diseases are leading causes of death and disability globally, with about 65 million people suffering from COPD, and 334 million from asthma. Each year, tens of millions of people develop and can die from lung infections such as pneumonia and TB. Systemic inflammation may induce and exacerbate local inflammatory diseases in the lungs, and local inflammation can in turn cause systemic inflammation. There is increasing evidence of the coexistence of systemic and local inflammation in patients suffering from asthma, COPD, and other lung diseases, and the co-morbidity of two or more local inflammatory diseases often occurs. For example, rheumatoid arthritis frequently occurs together with, and promotes the development of, pulmonary hypertension. This co-morbidity significantly impacts quality of life, and can result in death for some patients. Current treatment options for lung disease are neither always effective, nor condition-specific; there is a desperate need for novel therapeutics in the field. Additionally, the molecular and physiological significance of most major lung diseases is not well understood, which further impedes development of new treatments, especially in the case of coexistent lung diseases with other inflammatory diseases. Great progress has been made in recent years in many areas of the field, particularly in understanding the molecular geneses, regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways, and cellular processes within lung disease, as well as basic and clinical technology, drug discovery, diagnoses, treatment options, and predictive prognoses. This is the first text to aggregate these developments. In two comprehensive volumes, experts from all over the world present state-of-the-art advances in the study of lung inflammation in health and disease. Contributing authors cover well-known as well as emerging topics in basic, translational, and clinical research, with the aim of providing researchers, clinicians, professionals, and students with new perspectives and concepts. The editors hope these books will also help to direct future research in lung disease and other inflammatory diseases, and result in the development of novel therapeutics.

Matters of Sport is a tribute to Eric Dunning, the leading sports sociologist in the English-speaking world. This book addresses Dunning's contributions to the sociological and historical study of sport, covering key topics such as hooliganism, celebrity and gender relations.

A broad range of leading academics from Europe and North America reflect on the ways in which Dunning's work has influenced their own research and understanding of sport.

This volume was previously published as a special issue of the journal Sport in Society.

Glycosylation is a common and extremely important modification in biological molecules, particularly of proteins. "HIV Glycans in Infection and Immunity"provides an overview of the roles of glycans in the transmission/infection, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of HIV and the HIV envelope glycoprotein. It explores recent advances in the understanding of the impact of HIV glycans in infection and their promise for immunological and therapeutic intervention.

Novel collaborations between glycobiologists and immunologists in recent years have led to key advances in the understanding of HIV glycans. These cross-disciplinary endeavors, their achievements and their impact on the field are all addressed, herein."

Antimicrobial resistance will become a global health threat since antimicrobial treatments continue at the forefront of the defense against microbial infections. To respond to the issue, this detailed book explores vital methodologies currently in use to advance our understanding of antibiotic issues and answer the worldwide demand for novel antibiotics therapies. Beginning with a review chapter that guides the reader through the worldwide demand for novel antibiotics therapies, the volume continues with sections covering new screening procedures and environmental sources, advances in analytical, microbiological, and biotechnological methodologies, antibiotic production and antibiotic resistances, as well as considerations of drug trials and clinical concerns regarding multi-resistant patients. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Antimicrobial Therapies: Methods and Protocols provides a reference source for health, laboratory, and industrial professionals, as well as for graduate students in a number of bio-sanitary disciplines, including medicine, nursery, biotechnology, veterinary, microbiology, genetics, molecular biology, nutrition, farming, and more. Chapter "14" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The aim of this volume is to provide a comprehensive description of methods and protocols useful for the further study of T-helper cells. Chapters guide readers through T-helper cell recovery, molecular study, signal transduction pathways, T-cell manipulation and, last but not least, "omic" approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, T- Helper Cells: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.

Various "omics" methods have recently revolutionized molecular diagnostics. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) makes it possible to sequence a human genome in just one day. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) greatly improves the ability to investigate the outbreaks of numerous pathogens. Metagenomics helps to analyze the microbiome, which aids greatly in identifying the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Proteomic-based methods, namely matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), have a promising role in identifying myctobacteria and fungi, and predicting antimicrobial resistance. While there are numerous scientific publications on "omics" applications for microbiology, there are relatively few books that review this topic from a clinical diagnostics perspective. This book looks at this field from a holistic viewpoint, instead of limiting by type of "omics" technology, in order to cover the body of knowledge needed for practitioners and academics interested in clinical and public health microbiology. Additionally, it addresses the management, economical, regulatory and operational aspects of integrating these technologies into routine diagnostics.

Advances in Cancer Research, Volume 142, the latest release in this ongoing, well-regarded serial, provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research.