Advances in Food Rheology and Its Applications presents the latest advances in the measurement and application of food rheology, one of the most important tools for food companies when characterizing ingredients and final products, and a predictor of product performance and consumer acceptance. Split into two main focuses, the book gives in-depth analysis of the general advances in the field, with coverage of the relationship between food microstructure and rheology, the use of tribology in the study of oral processing, the use of large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) measurement and Fourier-transform rheology in food, and the influence of fibers and particle size distribution on food rheology, as well as many other advances. Written by a leading international team of authors, the book provides an in-depth and state-of-the-art coverage of this essential topic on the consumer acceptance of food.

Every day many people suffer from intestinal diseases. These disorders can result from pathogens like bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, but the causes of non-infectious intestinal disorders and colorectal cancers remain to be elucidated. Disturbances to the normal gut flora (the microbiota) are central to the development of many, if not all, of these disorders.

Disturbed gut microbiota is a prelude to public health issues like traveller's-, antibiotic- and "Clostridium difficile"-associated diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancers. This book discusses the way intestinal disorders affect the microbiota, how the disturbed microbiotal balance leads to enteric disorders and the ways to prevent these disorders.

Further his book explores the potential ofprobiotics (live microorganisms that when ingested bring a health benefit) in treating enteric disorders by analysing the probiotic genome through proteomics, metabolomics and functional assays. Discussed is how the ingestion of specific microorganisms repairs the disturbed microbiota and subsequently ameliorates enteric disorders. Finally this book addresses how genetic engineering and biotechnology will contribute to the development of effective and safe designer probiotics. "

Taking into account toxicity levels at normal consumption levels, intake per kg bodyweight and other acknowledged considerations, each chapter in this book will be based on one or more proven examples. It is intended to provide specific examples and potential improvements to the safety of the world's food supply, while also increasing the amount of food available to those in undernourished countries. This book is designed to to provide science-based tools for improving legislation and regulation.
Benefits:
* Reduce amount of food destroyed due to difference in regulations between nations
* Positively impact the time-to-market of new food products by recognizing benefit of "one rule that applies to all"
* Use the comparison of regulations and resulting consequences to make appropriate, fully-informed decisions
* Employ proven science to obtain global consensus for regulations
* Understand how to harmonize test protocols and analytical methods for accurate measurement and evaluation
* Take advantage of using a risk/benefit based approach rather than risk/avoidance to maximize regulatory decisions

The rapidly expanding field of food safety includes many new developments in the understanding of the entire range of toxic compounds found in foods -- whether naturally occurring or having been introduced by industry or food processing methods. This 2e of "Introduction to Food Toxicology" explores these developments while continuing to provide a core understanding of the basic principles of food toxicology.
*New information on:
--Solid-phase extraction, immunoassay, and LC/MS
--Mechanisms of regulation of xenobiotic activation and deactivation
--Developments in the modes of action and impact of natural toxins in food plants
--A comprehensive review of the issues surrounding dioxins
--The function of antioxidants and their toxicological aspects
--Acrylamide, its occurrence, toxicity and regulation on its use
--Phytochemicals, their beneficial effects and the modes of action of this growing group of nutraceuticals from food plants
--Diet and drug interactions

"Global Tea Breeding: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives" provides a global review on biodiversity and biotechnology issues in tea breeding and selection. The contributions are written by experts from China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Turkey, Indonesia, Japan, Bangladesh, Korea, Nigeria, and etc., which countries amount to 90% of the world tea production. This book focuses on the germplasm, breeding and selection of tea cultivars for the production of black, green and Oolong teas from the tea plant, "Camellia sinensis "(L.) O. Kuntze. It can benefit the tea breeders in the global tea industry, as well as the breeders of other woody cash crops like coffee and other sub-tropical fruit trees.

Liang Chen is a Professor and Associate Director at National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, China.

Zeno Apostolides is a Professor at the Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

Zong-Mao Chen is the Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a Professor at the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.

The third edition of this long-serving successful reference work is a 'must-have' reference for anyone needing or desiring an understanding of the structure, chemistry, properties, production and uses of starches and their derivatives.

* Includes specific information on corn, wheat, potato, rice, and new chapters on rye, oat and barley (including waxy barley) starches

* Covers the isolation processes, properties, functionalities, and uses of the most commonly used starches.

* Explores the genetics, biochemistry, and physical structure of starches

* Presents current and emerging application trends for starch

"Functional food or medicinal food is any fresh or processed food claimed to have a health-promoting and/or disease-preventing property beyond the basic nutritional function of supplying nutrients, although there is no consensus on an exact definition of the term.

This is an emerging field in food science, in which such foods are usually accompanied by health claims for marketing purposes, such as a company's 'cereal is a significant source of fiber. Studies have shown that an increased amount of fiber in one's diet can decrease the risk of certain types of cancer in individuals.'

Functional foods are sometimes called nutraceuticals, a portmanteau of nutrition and pharmaceutical, and can include food that has been genetically modified. The general category includes processed food made from functional food ingredients, or fortified with health-promoting additives, like "vitamin-enriched" products, and also fresh foods (e.g., "vegetables") that have specific claims attached. Fermented foods with live cultures are often also considered to be functional foods with probiotic benefits."

Early anthropological evidence for plant use as medicine is 60,000 years old as reported from the Neanderthal grave in Iraq. The importance of plants as medicine is further supported by archeological evidence from Asia and the Middle East. Today, around 1.4 billion people in South Asia alone have no access to modern health care, and rely instead on traditional medicine to alleviate various symptoms. On a global basis, approximately 50 to 80 thousand plant species are used either natively or as pharmaceutical derivatives for life-threatening conditions that include diabetes, hypertension and cancers. As the demand for plant-based medicine rises, there is an unmet need to investigate the quality, safety and efficacy of these herbals by the "scientific methods". Current research on drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, analytical, and molecular techniques. For instance, high throughput robotic screens have been developed by industry; it is now possible to carry out 50,000 tests per day in the search for compounds which act on a key enzyme or a subset of receptors. This and other bioassays thus offer hope that one may eventually identify compounds for treating a variety of diseases or conditions. However, drug development from natural products is not without its problems. Frequent challenges encountered include the procurement of raw materials, the selection and implementation of appropriate high-throughput bioassays, and the scaling-up of preparative procedures. Research scientists should therefore arm themselves with the right tools and knowledge in order to harness the vast potentials of plant-based therapeutics. The main objective of Plant and Human Health is to serve as a comprehensive guide for this endeavor. Volume 1 highlights how humans from specific areas or cultures use indigenous plants. Despite technological developments, herbal drugs still occupy a preferential place in a majority of the population in the third world and have slowly taken roots as alternative medicine in the West. The integration of modern science with traditional uses of herbal drugs is important for our understanding of this ethnobotanical relationship. Volume 2 deals with the phytochemical and molecular characterization of herbal medicine. Specifically, It will focus on the secondary metabolic compounds which afford protection against diseases. Lastly, Volume 3 focuses on the physiological mechanisms by which the active ingredients of medicinal plants serve to improve human health. Together this three-volume collection intends to bridge the gap for herbalists, traditional and modern medical practitioners, and students and researchers in botany and horticulture.

As consumer demand for traditional carbonated drinks falls, the market for beverages with perceived health-promoting properties is growing rapidly. Formulating a nutritional, nutraceutical or functional beverage with satisfactory sensory quality and shelf-life can be challenging. This important collection reviews the key ingredients, formulation technology and health effects of the major types of functional and speciality beverage.
Chapters in part one consider essential ingredients such as stabilizers and sweeteners, and significant aspects of formulation such as fortification technology and methods to extend shelf-life. Dairy-based beverages are the focus of Part two, with chapters covering methods to improve the nutritional and sensory quality and technological functionality of milk, a crucial ingredient in many healthful beverages. Chapters on newer dairy ingredients, such as whey and milk-fat globule membrane complete the section. Part three then reviews advances in the significant plant-based beverage sector, with chapters on popular products such as fruit juices, sports drinks, tea and coffee. Soy proteins are also covered. Chapters on product development and the role of beverages in the diet complete the volume.
With its distinguished editor and contributors, Functional and speciality beverage technology is an essential collection for professionals and academics interested in this product sector.
Reviews the key ingredients, formulation technology and health effects of the major types of functional and speciality beveragesEssential ingredients such as stabilizers and sweeteners, and significant aspects of formulation such as fortification technology and methods to extend shelf-life are consideredFocuses on methods to improve the nutritional and sensory quality and technological functionality of milk

Enrobed and filled confectionery and bakery products, such as praline-style chocolates, confectionery bars and chocolate-coated biscuits and ice-creams, are popular with consumers. The coating and filling can negatively affect product quality and shelf-life, but with the correct product design and manufacturing technology, the characteristics of the end-product can be much improved. This book provides a comprehensive overview of quality issues affecting enrobed and filled products and strategies to enhance product quality.
Part one reviews the formulation of coatings and fillings, with chapters on key topics such as chocolate manufacture, confectionery fats, compound coatings and fat and sugar-based fillings. Product design issues, such as oil, moisture and ethanol migration and chocolate and filling rheology are the focus of Part two. Shelf-life prediction and testing are also discussed. Part three then covers the latest ingredient preparation and manufacturing technology for optimum product quality. Chapters examine tempering, enrobing, chocolate panning, production of chocolate shells and deposition technology.
With its experienced team of authors, Science and technology of enrobed and filled chocolate, confectionery and bakery products is an essential purchase for professionals in the chocolate, confectionery and bakery industries.
Provides a comprehensive review of quality issues affecting enrobed and filled productsReviews the formulation of coatings and fillings, addressing confectionery fats, compound coatings and sugar based fillingsFocuses on product design issues such as oil, moisture and chocolate filling rheology

More than just coincidence connects a Tate & Lyle lawsuit and artificial sweetener to Jamaican-born Chemist Bert Fraser-Reid. From his first experience of Chemistry through his diabetic father, to his determination and drive as a Chemistry student in Canada, Fraser-Reid weaves a remarkable tale integrating science, law and autobiographical anecdotes. This book arises from the lawsuit brought by Tate & Lyle against companies accused of infringing its patents for sucralose, the sweet ingredient in the artificial sweetener SPLENDA which is made by chlorinating sugar. From a 1958 undergraduate intern witnessing the pioneering experiments on sugar chlorination, to being the 1991 recipient of the world's premiere prize for carbohydrate chemistry, Fraser-Reid was groomed for his role as expert witness in the mentioned lawsuit. Nevertheless, it seems more than his career links Fraser-Reid to the case.

Hydrocolloids are among the most widely used ingredients in the food industry. They function as thickening and gelling agents, texturizers, stabilisers and emulsifiers and in addition have application in areas such as edible coatings and flavour release. Products reformulated for fat reduction are particularly dependent on hydrocolloids for satisfactory sensory quality. They now also find increasing applications in the health area as dietary fibre of low calorific value.
The first edition of Handbook of Hydrocolloids provided professionals in the food industry with relevant practical information about the range of hydrocolloid ingredients readily and at the same time authoritatively. It was exceptionally well received and has subsequently been used as the substantive reference on these food ingredients. Extensively revised and expanded and containing eight new chapters, this major new edition strengthens that reputation.
Edited by two leading international authorities in the field, the second edition reviews over twenty-five hydrocolloids, covering structure and properties, processing, functionality, applications and regulatory status. Since there is now greater emphasis on the protein hydrocolloids, new chapters on vegetable proteins and egg protein have been added. Coverage of microbial polysaccharides has also been increased and the developing role of the exudate gums recognised, with a new chapter on Gum Ghatti. Protein-polysaccharide complexes are finding increased application in food products and a new chapter on this topic as been added. Two additional chapters reviewing the role of hydrocolloids in emulsification and their role as dietary fibre and subsequent health benefits are also included.
The second edition of Handbook of hydrocolloids is an essential reference for post-graduate students, research scientists and food manufacturers.
Extensively revised and expanded second edition edited by two leading international authoritiesProvides an introduction to food hydrocolliods considering regulatory aspects and thickening characteristicsComprehensively examines the manufacture, structure, function and applications of over twenty five hydrocolloids

This book primarily covers the general description of foodborne pathogens and their mechanisms of pathogenesis, control and prevention, and detection strategies, with easy-to-comprehend illustrations. The book is an essential resource for food microbiology graduate or undergraduate students, microbiology professionals, and academicians involved in food microbiology, food safety, and food defense-related research or teaching. This new edition covers the significant progress that has been made since 2008 in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of some common foodborne pathogens, and the host-pathogen interaction. Foodborne and food-associated zoonotic pathogens, responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity, are discussed in detail. Chapters on foodborne viruses, parasites, molds and mycotoxins, and fish and shellfish are expanded. Additionally, chapters on opportunistic and emerging foodborne pathogens including Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Brucella abortus, Clostridium difficile, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Plesiomonas shigelloides have been added. The second edition contains more line drawings, color photographs, and hand-drawn illustrations.

This volume covers novel technologies, including high pressure, antimicrobials, and electromagnetism, and their impact.

Recent advances in biochemistry and biotechnology have enabled significant progress in basic research on carbohydrate-active enzymes and advances in their effective application. The mechanism of catalytic reaction of carbohydrate-active enzymes is not fully understood, though, as they often show unusual substrate specificity and modes of action. This comprehensive collection summarises some of the most important research in the field of carbohydrate-active enzymes, focusing on the enzymatic reaction mechanism, structure-function relationship and role in the living organism
The book is based on papers presented in the 2008 Agricultural Biotechnology Symposium Carbohydrate-active enzymes: structure, function and applications held on September 26th-27th 2008 in Seoul National University, Korea. This symposium was organized by the Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Korea, which has organized symposia on agricultural biotechnology annually since 1990. Many important results on new types of carbohydrate-active enzymes and their applications have been reported at these meetings. Papers in Part one of this collection focus on structure-function relationships of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Papers in Part two discuss functions and applications of carbohydrate-active enzymes, such as enzymes for grain processing and glycosidases and their mutants as useful tools for glycoside synthesis.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Carbohydrate-active enzymes: structure, function and applications is an essential reference for research scientists, post-graduate students and those in the food industry with an interest in enzymes.
Summarises some of the most important research in the field of carbohydrate-active enzymesCovers topics ranging from enzyme classification and structural elucidation to applications of enzymes in food processing and other industries

Statistical Methods in Food and Consumer Research continues to be the only book to focus solely on the statistical techniques used in sensory testing of foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other consumer products.
This new edition includes the most receent applications of statistical methods, and features significant updates as well as two new chapters.
Covering the application of techniques including R-index, the Bayesian approach for sensory differences tests, and preference mapping in addition to several other methodologies, this is the comprehensive reference needed by those studying sensory evaluation and applied statistics in agriculture and biological sciences. Research professionals working with food, beverages, healthcare, cosmetics, and other related areas will find the book a valuable guide to the variety of statistical methods available.

Key Features:
* Provides comprehensive coverage of statistical techniques in sensory testing
* Includes data compiled from real-world experiments
* Covers the latest in data interpretation and analysis
* Addresses key methods such as R-index, Thursonian Discriminal Distances, group sequential tests, beta-binomial tests, sensory difference and similarity tests, just-about-right data, signal-to-noise ratio, analysis of cosmetic data, Descriptive Analysis, claims substantiation and preference mapping

With the increasing awareness of food safety and quality, consumers continuously demand the reassurance of origin and content of their foods. Furthermore, manufacturers must be able to confirm the authenticity of components of their products in order to comply with government legislation. Protection of the rights of consumers, genuine food processors, and prevention of fraudulent or deceptive practices and the adulteration of food is an important and challenge facing the food industry.
Rapid scientific and technological advances in the determination of food authenticity have taken place in recent years and Modern Techniques for Food Authentication focuses on many of those novel techniques. Including coverage of various spectroscopic technologies, methods based on isotopic analysis and chromatography, DNA, enzymatic analysis, electrophosresis and thermal methods, this book provides a valuable, international resource on the latest developments in food authentication.
*A comprehensive overview of authentication techniques and technology
*Written by an international group of academic and professional peers
*Provides an excellent complement to more general books on food safety

Around the world concerns about cost, efficiency, and safety - employee, product, process and consumer -- have led to changes in the way food plants are planned, constructed and evaluated. From initiation of major capital requests to legal design requirements to project management and plant operations, food engineers and scientists must understand the myriad of requirements and responsibilities of successful food facilities. J. Peter Clark provides that guidance in this complete volume.
Included are:
--A summary of lessons on understanding how management evaluates potential investments and how they can contribute to ultimate shareholder value, and checklists to help accurately estimate capital and operating costs.
--Important, and in some cases unique, features of a food plant including focus on food safety. Addresses not only consumer products, but ingredients for consumer products and the concerns of distribution and flexibility that must be considered. Also considered are the support facilities that are equally essential to the safe production of food.
--An effective approach to understanding production lines and optimizing operations during expansion by briefly introducing Goldratt's Theory of Constraints. The book explores the challenges of construction while maintaining safe and sanitary operations.
-- An approach and methodology that can be extended beyond the case studies presented in order to effectively plan development processes and make correct equipment selections.
--Project management and plant operations guidance to assist engineers who find themselves in the role of managing a design or construction process project, or of supervising a portion of a plant. Includes suggestions for effectively troubleshooting an unsatisfactory operation.
Key Features:
* Provides real-world insights including guides for proper project estimation, understanding the role and importance of support facilities, maintaining standards while under construction and other vital considerations
* Includes checklists and proven approaches to guide the reader through the wide range of necessary planning and implementation steps
* Considers factors for both new plant construction and expansion of existing plants

This book describes a robust, low-cost electrochemical sensing system that is able to detect hormones and phthalates - the most ubiquitous endocrine disruptor compounds - in beverages and is sufficiently flexible to be readily coupled with any existing chemical or biochemical sensing system. A novel type of silicon substrate-based smart interdigital transducer, developed using MEMS semiconductor fabrication technology, is employed in conjunction with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to allow real-time detection and analysis. Furthermore, the presented interdigital capacitive sensor design offers a sufficient penetration depth of the fringing electric field to permit bulk sample testing. The authors address all aspects of the development of the system and fully explain its benefits. The book will be of wide interest to engineers, scientists, and researchers working in the fields of physical electrochemistry and biochemistry at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and research levels. It will also be highly relevant for practitioners and researchers involved in the development of electromagnetic sensors.