Review: Taurine Deficiency and the Cat.- Taurine Synthesis in Cat and Mouse In Vivo and In Vitro.- Amino Acid Interaction with Taurine Metabolism in Cats.- The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Cysteic Acid on the Plasma Taurine Concentration of Cats Maintained on a Taurine-Restricted Diet.- The Metabolic Basis for the Taurine Requirement of Cats.- Intestinal Taurine and the Enterohepatic Circulation of Taurocholic Acid in the Cat.- Urinary Excretion of Taurine as a Function of Taurine Intake: Potential for Estimating Taurine Bioavailability in the Adult Cat.- Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Domestic Cat: Relationship to Diet and Myocardial Taurine Content.- Reduction of Intrinsic Contractile Function of the Left Ventricle by Taurine Deficiency in Cats.- "Activation" of Alveolar Leukocytes Isolated from Cats Fed Taurine-free Diets.- High Dietary Taurine and Feline Reproduction.- Taurine Distribution in the Cat Muscle: An Immunohistochemical Study.- Review: Myocardial Physiological Effects of Taurine and Their Significance.- Sarcolemmal Actions of Taurine Linked to Altered Phospholipid N-methylation.- Taurine Effects on Ionic Currents in Myocardial Cells.- Taurine Attenuates Contracture Induced by Perfusion with Low Sodium, High Calcium Medium in Chick Hearts.- Effect of Taurine on Intracellular Calcium Dynamics of Cultured Myocardial Cells During the Calcium Paradox.- Intracellular Effects of Taurine: Studies on Skinned Cardiac Preparations.- Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Arrhythmogenesis and Excitation-contraction Coupling in Cardiac Tissue.- Taurine Potentiates the Antiaggregatory Action of Aspirin and Indomethacin.- Antiarrhythmic Action of Taurine.- Mechanism Underlying Physiological Modulation of Myocardial Contraction by Taurine.- Effects of Taurine Depletion on Membrane Electrical Properties of Rat Skeletal Muscle.- Regression of Taurine Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys Deprived of Dietary Taurine Throughout the First Year.- Taurine Transport in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex During Development and Ageing.- Phospholipids, Phospholipid Methylation and Taurine Content in Synaptosomes of Developing Rat Brain.- The Effect of Taurine on the Age-related Decline of the Immune Response in Mice: the Restorative Effect on the T Cell Proliferative Response to Costimulation with Ionomycin and Phorbol Myristate Acetate.- Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Immune Function in Mice.- Review: Recent Studies on Taurine in the Central Nervous System.- Pathologies of the CNS and Associated Taurine Changes.- Taurine Receptor: Kinetic Analysis and Pharmacological Studies.- Evoked Endogenous Taurine Release from Cultured Cerebellar Neurons.- Effect of Hepes on the Uptake of Taurine by Cultured Nervous Cells.- The Trophic Role of Taurine in the Retina. A Possible Mechanism of Action.- Endogenous Regulation of the Taurine Receptor.- Localization of Taurine and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Human Optic Nerve Using Immunocytochemical Techniques.- Effects of Taurine on Protein Phosphorylation in Mammalian Tissues.- Taurine Protection of Lungs in Hamster Models of Oxidant Injury: a Morphologic Time Study of Paraquat and Bleomycin Treatment.- Taurine and Niacin Offer a Novel Therapeutic Modality in Prevention of Chemically-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Hamsters.- Taurine Protects Against Oxidant Injury to Rat Alveolar Pneumocytes.- The Protective Effect of Taurine on the Biomembrane Against Damage Produced by the Oxygen Radical.- Volume Regulatory Fluxes in Glial and Renal Cells.- Cell Volume Changes and Taurine Release in Cerebral Cortical Slices.- L-Glutamate-induced Swelling of Cultured Astrocytes.- Taurine and Volume Regulation in Isolated Nerve Endings.- Hyperosmolarity and Taurine Content, Uptake and Release in Astrocytes.- GABA and Taurine Serve as Respectively a Neurotransmitter and an Osmolyte in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Neurons.- Potassium-stimulated Release of Taurine in A Crude Retinal Preparation O...

Until now, books addressing Halal issues have focused on helping Muslim consumers decide what to eat and what to avoid among products currently on the marketplace. There was no resource that the food industry could refer to that provided the guidelines necessary to meet the Halal requirements of Muslim consumers in the U.S. and abroad.

Halal Food Production answers this need by summarizing the fundamentals of Halal food production, serving as a valuable reference for food scientists, food manufacturers, and other food industry professionals. This text delivers a wealth of information about Halal food laws and regulations, guidelines for food production, domestic and international food markets, and trade and import requirements for various countries. Both authors are food scientists who have practical experience in Halal food requirements and Halal certification.

For persons targeting the Halal food market for the first time, this book is particularly valuable, providing understanding of how to properly select, process, and deliver foods. In light of the increasing worldwide demand for Halal food service, branded packaged food, and direct-marketed items, this volume is more than an expert academic resource, it is a beneficial tool for developing new and promising revenue streams.

The advent of sophisticated packaging materials and methods had stimulated the development of complex delivery systems from producer to consumer, resulting in the availability of a wide range of products at an affordable price. Contemporary distribution methods are not without problems however, and specifically related to packaging is the possibility of migration--the contamination of food by components of the materials in contact with it. In this area, both technology and regulations are well developed, but basic science, for a variety of reasons, has tended to advance less quickly. This book addresses the basic science of migration. The editor has brought together a range of authors, all of whom are acknowledged experts in their fields, to provide a timely and concise overview of this important topic. Covering basic science, common materials and the major regulations in North America, Europe and Japan, this book will become a key information source in every library concerned with food technology. Food technologists, manufacturers of packaging and other food contact materials and regulatory professionals will all find this book an indispensable reference source.

Wheat (Triticum L.), an annual herbaceous plant in Poacae (Gramineae) family, settles in the Triticeae (Hordeae) subfamily. The grasses (Poaceae Barnhart) are the fifth largest (monocotyledonous flowering) plant family and of great importance for human civilization and life. Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet are the domesticated ones in the family. It is still the most vital economical plant family in modern times, providing food, forage, building materials (bamboo, thatch), and fuel (ethanol). Wheat has many accessions in national and international gene banks. The estimated number of wheats by FAO in 2010 is 856,000, and, followed by rice (774,000), and barley (467,000). However, the recent consumer's (misdirected) focus on gluten content and nutritional value urges scientists to reexamine their knowledge about wheat (i.e., origin, evolution, and general and special quality characteristics), as well as their wild relatives and landraces for newer possible genetic resources. Cultured or non-cultured ancestral wheats: einkorn, emmer, wild emmer, spelt, macha, and vavilovii are still limitedly grown on the higher areas in Turkey, Italy, Germany, Morocco, Israel, and Balkan countries. They are exploited mostly for their desired agronomic, and specific quality. In some cultures, wheat species are believed to be therapeutic, with bioactive compounds that reduce and inhibit stubborn illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer, and cardiovascular diseases. In this book, we summarize the importance of ancestral wheat species, and provide a prospect for their future with special considerations in terms of species conservation and improvement.

This book presents the proceedings of the 10th Central European Congress on Food (CEFood), held on June 11-13, 2020, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It reports on recent advances in the area of food science and food technology, and is divided into 5 major topical sections: food analysis, food energy systems, food trends and competitiveness, food and feed chain management, and modern challenges. Offering a timely snapshot of cutting-edge, multidisciplinary research and developments in modern food science and technology, these proceedings facilitate the transfer of these findings to industry. As such, the book will appeal to researchers and professionals in the food and agricultural industries, as well as those at regulatory and food safety agencies.

This timely reference utilizes simplified computer strategies to analyze, develop, and optimize industrial food processes and offers procedures to assess various operating conditions, engineering and economic relationships, and the physical and transport properties of foods for the design of the most efficient food manufacturing technologies and equipment. Food Process Design discusses the integration and economic profitability of the entire food processing plant including effective use of water, energy, and raw materials; process profitability; and wastewater reduction. The book offers detailed numerical examples for major food processes including heating, cooling, freezing, and more.

Food properties, whether they concern the physical, thermodynamic, chemical, nutritional or sensory characteristics of foods, play an important role in food processing. In our quest to gain a mechanistic understanding of changes occurring during food processing, the knowledge of food properties is essential. Quantitative information on the food properties is necessary in the design and operation of food processing equipment. Foods, because of their biological nature and variability, vary in the magnitude of their properties. The variation in properties offer a challenge both in their measurement and use in the food processing applications. Often a high level of precision in measurement of properties is not possible as the measurement method may itself cause changes to the product, resulting in a variation in the obtained values. Recognizing the difficulties in measurement of food properties, and the lack of completeness of such information, several research programs have been in existence during the last two decades. In Europe, a multinational effort has been underway since 1978. The first project supported by COST (European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research), was titled COST 90 "The Effect of Processing on the Physical Properties of Foodstuffs." This and another project COST 90bis have considerably added to our knowledge of measurement methods and data on a number of physical properties. Two publications that summarize the work conducted under 1 2 these projects are Physical Properties of Foods and Physical Properties of Foods .

Specifically targeted at the food industry, this state-of-the-art text/reference combines all the principal methods of statistical quality and process control into a single, up-to-date volume. In an easily understood and highly readable style, the author clearly explains underlying concepts and uses real world examples to illustrate statistical techniques.
This Third Edition maintains the strengths of the first and second editions while adding new information on Total Quality Management, Computer Integrated Management, ISO 9001-2002, and The Malcolm Baldrige Quality Award. There are updates on FDA Regulations and Net Weight control limits, as well as additional HACCP applications. A new chapter has been added to explain concepts and implementation of the six-sigma quality control system.

Comprehensive and accessible, Food Plant Sanitation presents fundamental principles and applications that are essential for food production safety. It provides basic, practical information on the daily operations in a food processing plant and reviews some of the industry's most recent developments. The book is unique from others on the topic in that it features the perspectives of more than 30 food safety experts from government, academia, and the food industry. These authorities cover nine major areas of interest:
Federal and state regulations and guidelines
Major biological and nonbiological contaminants
Cleaning a food plant
Sanitation and worker safety
Housekeeping
Product quality
Commodity processing
Retail food sanitation
Enforcement
In addition to covering primary sanitation practices, the book touches on the latest information on the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) program. The mention of the HACCP is of particular importance because it is imperative that a food processing plant has put in place an acceptable sanitation program on principle and in practice before considering the program. Additional topics include the spread of bacterial and viral foodborne diseases, the risks from protozoa and nematodes in food production, and the design and development of self-inspection programs.

Here, Wm. Alex McIntosh analyzes the relationship between food and nutrition and social factors, using a wide array of sociological theories. The author applies theories of social organization, culture, social stratification, social change, rural sociology, the sociology of the body, and social problems to empirical problems in food and nutrition. By doing so, he sheds light on issues such as the rise of the state; population growth; famine; obesity; eating disorders; the maldistribution of food across class, gender, and ethnic boundaries; and the changing nature of the food industry.

CONTENTS - FOREWORD I BASIC FOOD INGREDIENTS - II MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS - III CONFECTIONARY, COCOA, COFFEE AND TEA - IV DESSERT POWDERS AND PUDDINGS - V SAUCES, DRESSINGS AND PICKLES - VI FISH, FRIED FOODS, HEALTH FOOD, NUTS, BREAD, SOY PRODUCTS, BAKIKG POWDER - VII PIE FILLINGS AND PIES - VlII COOKIES, DOUGHNUTS AND CAKES - IX FLAVORS, SYRUPS AND BEVERAGES - X FRUITS AND VEGETABLES - XI CANNED GOODS - XII JELLIES AND PRESERVES - XIII PLANT SANITATION AND SANITARY FOOD CONTROL - XIV COMPOSITION OF FOODS AND PREVENTION OF CAKING - XV PRESERVATION OF FOODS BY DEHYDRATION AND FREEZING - WEIGHTS AND MEASURES - CHEMICAL GLOSSARY - ABBREVIATIONS - BIBLIOGRAPHY - INDEX - FOREWORD - This book is written for everybody interested in the preparation of food from the manufacturing plant executive, the food chemist, and the food salesman, right down to the housewife. The author's knowledge of the subject is based on scientific training and many years of practical, first-hand experience in the manufacture of foods. In addition to compiling the results of his own experience, he has included methods developed and used by other specialists in the field. Whether the food manufacturer has an old, well-established business or is just starting up a small plant, it is hoped that this book will be an essential part of his equipment. To the established manufacturer, it presents the latest developments and the newest scientific methods in the field of food production. To the beginner, it offers the fundamentals on materials and methods, without which he cannot hope to be successfuL Although the production of good, nutritious food is still an art, as it has always been, in this age of rapid scientific development and ever-increasing knowledge, it is fast becoming an exact science. The food manufacturer must plan wisely and prepare his products scientifically and with understanding. This book presents the manufacture of food as a series of operations governed by well-defined physical, chemical, and bacteriological principles which must be understood and carefully followed for good results. Here are scientific, factory-tested formulas for making hundreds of commercial food products in the canning, flavoring, beverage, confectionery, bakery, condiment, dairy, meat, fish, and allied industries. The sections on plant sanitation and food handling present the latest scientific methods of hygienic control in the food industry. The most modern developments in the fields of dehydration and freezing of fruits and vegetables are completely discussed in a comprehensive chapter on the subject.

Fresh? Juice? Paste? Canned? Stewed? Diced? Pureed? Sun Dried? Salsa? Sauce? Ketchup? Rare is the cuisine that does not make use of the tomato in some way, shape, or form, and the resulting culinary popularity of the tomato has led to its proliferation in fields and farms around the world. While some may still argue whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable, few would argue that tomato crops are highly lucrative, attractive to farmers in both developing and developed countries and on large and small farms alike. In fact, for those crops with significant global volume and market share, tomatoes are the highest valued among those crops that lack an affiliation to mind-altering drugs. But, the tomato can be a persnickety critter. The tomato doesn't like it too hot, too chilly, too wet, too dry, or too fertile. Many don't ripen at the same time. Most are easily bruised. And, the selective breeding that has yielded a larger, more attractive, and deep red tomato has also mercilessly drained much of the taste and flavor from a once sweet and delectable fruit. Enter the world of sensors and modern sensing technology. The Internet of Things (IOT), when using well chosen, well networked, and well aggregated sensors, has shown tremendous potential to support precision agriculture, providing a more detailed picture of crops than was previously possible using conventional crop monitoring techniques. But, the stringent resources and tight profit margins that are a fact of life among many tomato growing operations, large and small, mean that sensor technologies must be chosen and used carefully. There is no doubt that each sensor must earn its keep in producing the perfect tomato. With that in mind, this book explores key opportunities to marry the potential of sensors that are networked within the IOT to the needs of tomato production in ways that are economically fruitful, technologically robust, and sustainable overall.

This book features selected papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy. It discusses the latest progress in the field of near infrared spectroscopy from around the globe, including the advances in instrumentation, spectral interpretation and Chemometrics. In addition, it presents potential trends for near infrared spectroscopy in the next decade and highlights developments in process analytical technology, chemical imaging and deep learning. It can be used as a reference book for researchers and application personnel engaged in spectroscopy technology, Chemometrics, analytical instruments, on-site rapid or on-line analysis, process control and other fields. It will also be useful for undergraduates and postgraduates studying these topics.

This handbook is unique in its comprehensive coverage of the subject and focus on practical applications in diverse fields. It includes methods for sample preparation, the role of certified reference materials, calibration methods and statistical evaluation of the results. Problems concerning inorganic and bioinorganic speciation analysis, as well as special aspects such as trace analysis of noble metals, radionuclides and volatile organic compounds are also discussed. A significant part of the content presents applications of methods and procedures in medicine (metabolomics and therapeutic drug monitoring); pharmacy (the analysis of contaminants in drugs); studies of environmental samples; food samples and forensic analytics - essential examples that will also facilitate problem solving in related areas.

Bioactive compounds in food, known for their positive health effects, can be lost during handling after harvest, processing and storage. While most foods are exposed to processing to increase shelf life and edibility and to ensure microbial safety, conventional processing methods may have disadvantages, such as decreasing the nutritional quality of foods, long processing times, high temperature and high energy uses. For these reasons, novel non-thermal food processing technologies (including HPP, ultrasound) and novel thermal food processing technologies (including microwave/Ohmic heating) have become widespread. This book provides a critical evaluation of the effects of conventional, novel non-thermal, and thermal food processing techniques on the retention and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in food materials. Within these three categories, many different processing methods are included: fermentation/germination, drying, extrusion, and modified atmosphere packaging, as well as novel technologies, such as microwave heating, ultrasound, high pressure processing, ozonation, and membrane separation processes.

This edited book provides the first comprehensive overview on conventional and emerging processing technologies for the extraction and purification of proteins and/or peptides from plant sources with a special focus on subsequent product development. The book opens with an introduction to the most conventional processing technologies used in industry today: the alkaline extraction followed by isoelectric precipitation, and air classification. The book also focusses on novel extraction and purification technologies, covering the most recent green emerging technologies based on enzymatic processes, solvents, high-pressure processing, barometric membrane technologies, and microwave-assisted extraction, among others. The final chapters bridge the gap between the presented methods and product development and highlight how these technologies can alter protein functionality and nutritional quality of the extracted protein, and thereby, impact human health. In the context of rising consumer interest in foods from plant-protein ingredients and the United Nations targets for Sustainable Development Goal 12 on 'Responsible Consumption and Production', this book will provide an indispensable resource for students, engineers and researchers in academia and industry, working in the area of food science, food technology and plant-based product development.

Increase in consumer awareness of nutritional habits has placed automatic food analysis in the spotlight in recent years. However, food-logging is cumbersome and requires sufficient knowledge of the food item consumed. Additionally, keeping track of every meal can become a tedious task. Accurately documenting dietary caloric intake is crucial to manage weight loss, but also presents challenges because most of the current methods for dietary assessment must rely on memory to recall foods eaten. Food understanding from digital media has become a challenge with important applications in many different domains. Substantial research has demonstrated that digital imaging accurately estimates dietary intake in many environments and it has many advantages over other methods. However, how to derive the food information effectively and efficiently remains a challenging and open research problem. The provided recommendations could be based on calorie counting, healthy food and specific nutritional composition. In addition, if we also consider a system able to log the food consumed by every individual along time, it could provide health-related recommendations in the long-term. Computer Vision specialists have developed new methods for automatic food intake monitoring and food logging. Fourth Industrial Revolution [4.0 IR] technologies such as deep learning and computer vision robotics are key for sustainable food understanding. The need for AI based technologies that allow tracking of physical activities and nutrition habits are rapidly increasing and automatic analysis of food images plays an important role. Computer vision and image processing offers truly impressive advances to various applications like food analytics and healthcare analytics and can aid patients in keeping track of their calorie count easily by automating the calorie counting process. It can inform the user about the number of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and other nutrients provided by each meal. The information is provided in real-time and thus proves to be an efficient method of nutrition tracking and can be shared with the dietician over the internet, reducing healthcare costs. This is possible by a system made up of, IoT sensors, Cloud-Fog based servers and mobile applications. These systems can generate data or images which can be analyzed using machine learning algorithms. Image Based Computing for Food and Health Analytics covers the current status of food image analysis and presents computer vision and image processing based solutions to enhance and improve the accuracy of current measurements of dietary intake. Many solutions are presented to improve the accuracy of assessment by analyzing health images, data and food industry based images captured by mobile devices. Key technique innovations based on Artificial Intelligence and deep learning-based food image recognition algorithms are also discussed. This book examines the usage of 4.0 industrial revolution technologies such as computer vision and artificial intelligence in the field of healthcare and food industry, providing a comprehensive understanding of computer vision and intelligence methodologies which tackles the main challenges of  food and health processing. Additionally, the text focuses on the employing sustainable 4 IR technologies through which consumers can attain the necessary diet and nutrients and can actively monitor their health. In focusing specifically on the food industry and healthcare analytics, it serves as a single source for multidisciplinary information involving AI and vision techniques in the food and health sector. Current advances such as Industry 4.0 and Fog-Cloud based solutions are covered in full, offering readers a fully rounded view of these rapidly advancing health and food analysis systems. 

This book provides a comprehensive and innovative overview of new and emerging sous vide and cook-chill techniques that are, or soon to be, commercially used for the food industry. Written by a range of international experts, the book integrates all subjects relative to sous vide and cook-chill processing, allowing food industry personnel to assimilate quickly the essential principles behind each technique and their applications. It is an essential reference for food scientists and technologists in industry, research and teaching, especially food process engineers involved in product development, quality assurance, packaging and production.

The focus of this singular work is to discuss the role and importance of bioorganic phase in food products-providing the first major reference source for researchers looking to understand all aspects of the isolation, extraction and application of this major element in natural foods. From the identifying features to its applications through biotechnology and nanobiotechnology, this book covers all of the important aspects of bioorganic phase and points to future uses and methods. With chapters focusing on phase extraction and application, food product synthesis and nanoparticle application, Bioorganic Phase in Natural Food: An Overview covers both conventional and non-conventional approaches for the extraction of bioorganic phase from various food sources. Toxicity studies in nanoparticles are presented, and the vital role played by bioorganic phase toward nanoparticles synthesis is outlined in full. For any researcher looking for complete coverage of all main aspects of bioorganic phase in foods, this work provides a comprehensive and well-researched view of this important subject. .

Offering over 2000 useful references and more than 200 helpful tables, equations, drawings, and photographs, this book presents research on food phosphates, commercial starches, antibrowning agents, essential fatty acids, and fat substitutes, as well as studies on consumer perceptions of food additives. With contributions from nearly 50 leading international authorities, the Second Edition of Food Additives details food additives for special dietary needs, contemporary studies on the role of food additives in learning, sleep, and behavioral problems in children, safety and regulatory requirements in the U.S. and the European Union, and methods to determine hypersensitivity.

Develop the untapped possibilities of this potential tourist El Dorado Given its size, location, cultural attractions, and natural beauty, South America gets far less of the international tourist dollar than it deserves. This valuable book identifies and explores the major issues that influence and shape tourism in South America. Tourism in South America includes original empirical research into the image people have of this varied continent, the factors that draw people to visit South America, and the fears, lack of knowledge, and negative images that can keep tourists away.Tourism in South America examines current practices and suggests alternative models of development. Its informative discussions range from cultural tourism to sustainable tourism to developing human resources. The original empirical research in this volume offers unique insights, and reference notes are included.The reader will encounter varied points of view in Tourism in South America. You can expect to: view Australian travel industry perspectives on Latin American tourism explore the impact of tourism on the Argentina's Patagonian Coast examine the environmental tactics that Mexican and Jamaican hotel companies employ survey the recreation preferences of hikers in a Colombian National Park ponder the implications of performing traditional dances for modern tourists in the AmazonTour operators, hotel managers, local tourism boards, and others seeking the attention of tourists will profit from the new strategies and original research presented in Tourism in South America.

This book provides a broad-based foundation of knowledge about brown rice, including the latest information on health benefits and disease prevention resulting from consumption of brown rice, and information on consumer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards brown rice. It is the first book of its kind to provide a comprehensive review of current brown rice science and technology, regulatory/policy issues, dietary intake, consumer interest and health promotion. The edited volume focuses on the latest developments in breeding varieties for high quality brown rice, varietal variations, defects, milling, cooking quality, eating quality, post-harvest management and methods to improve shelf life. Contributing authors address the physical, chemical, engineering, nutritional and glycemic qualities of brown rice in different chapters. Authors also discuss the physiological functions of brown rice in vivo and radical scavenging activity, emphasizing their importance to growers, technologists and consumers, and providing insight into future advances. This comprehensive collection benefits scientists, nutritionists, dieticians, diabetic educators, and professionals in the food industry. The information covered is valuable for food scientists and technologists working to develop new brown rice products and enhancing the taste, quality, and health profile of brown rice.