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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Western philosophy > Modern Western philosophy, c 1600 to the present > Western philosophy, from c 1900 - > General
Heidegger and ethics is a contentious conjunction of terms. Martin
Heidegger himself rejected the notion of ethics, while his
endorsement of Nazism is widely seen as unethical. This major study
examines the complex and controversial issues involved in bringing
Heidegger and ethics together.
Working backwards through his work, from his 1964 claim that
philosophy has been completed to his first major book, "Being and
Time, " Joanna Hodge questions Heidegger's denial that his
inquiries were concerned with ethics. She discovers a form of
ethics in Heidegger's thinking which elucidates his important
distinction between metaphysics and philosophy. Opposing many
contemporary views, Hodge proposes that ethics can be retrieved and
questions the relation between ethics and metaphysics that
Heidegger made so pervasive.
Heidegger and ethics is a contentious conjunction of terms. Martin Heidegger himself rejected the notion of ethics, while his endorsement of Nazism is widely seen as unethical. This major new study examines the complex and controversial issues involved in bringing them together. By working backwards through his work, from his 1964 claim that philosophy has been completed to Being and Time, his first major work, Joanna Hodge questions Heidegger's denial that his enquires were concerned with ethics. She discovers a form of ethics in Heidegger's thinking which elucidates his important distinction between metaphysics and philosophy. Against many contemporary views, she proposes therefore that ethics can be retrieved and questions the relation between ethics and metaphysics that Heidegger had made so pervasive.
Veblen is probably one of the most important social philosophers
that the United States has yet produced. A fierce and compelling
critic of mainstream economic theory and its fundamental
assumptions, he constructed an evolutionary history of mankind from
primitive times to the machine age. Darwinian notions of evolution
pervade Veblen's thought, originating in his view that economic
thinking lags hopelessly behind the ever-changing realities of
social life. Within this grand design, Veblen also produced many
insights into human behaviour including the idea that conspicuous
consumption - colloquially known as "keeping up with the Jones'"
was a driving force in economic life. Besides this, he wrote on
imperialism, explained why the modern German and Japanese states
were more warlike than others and predicted a massive crisis for
capitalism which came about in the 1930s. Veblen has been neglected
in Britain. This selection of work brings together Veblen's unique
attempts at understanding the evolution of economic patterns in a
wider social context.
Is there anything sacred that can simultaneously be considered
strictly feminine? Two of the leaders of European feminist thought
investigate stories of African rites, Catholic saints, Jewish
traditions and psychological case studies in an overarching
exploration of how women throughout the world cope with forces
beyond their control or understanding. In an exchange of letters,
they consider a range of emotional dispositions with reference to
contemporary figures including Madonna, the late Princess of Wales,
Mother Teresa and Eva Peron.
The publication in 1957 of Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures
ushered in the era of what can properly be termed modern
linguistics - the science of language. This critical assessment
brings together over 100 papers on every area of Chomsky's work,
revealing how pervasive his influence has been on all aspects of
modern thought, from linguistics to philosophy, psychology,
computer science, social theory, political analysis and literary
theory. Carlos Otero is one of the world's leading interpreters of
Chomsky's ideas and brings together in these volumes papers which
provide a comprehensive assessment of his contribution to modern
thought.
The publication in 1957 of Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures
ushered in the era of what can properly be termed modern
linguistics - the science of language. This critical assessment
brings together over 100 papers on every area of Chomsky's work,
revealing how pervasive his influence has been on all aspects of
modern thought, from linguistics to philosophy, psychology,
computer science, social theory, political analysis and literary
theory. Carlos Otero is one of the world's leading interpreters of
Chomsky's ideas and brings together in these volumes papers which
provide a comprehensive assessment of his contribution to modern
thought.
This book provides a welcome assessment of the wide-ranging impact
of Michel Foucault's work upon a number of disciplines within the
social sciences and humanities. It offers close textual readings of
Foucault's work along with clear overviews of how his work has been
taken up in subjects such as history, philosophy and international
relations. It also offers original applications of his work to
important topics within feminist theory, political theory, the
sociology of race, and socio-legal studies.
Gilles Deleuze, a major figure in the intellectual history of the
late-20th century, inaugurated the radical non-Hegelianism that has
marked French intellectual life during the past three decades. Many
poststructuralist and postmodernist practices can be traced to
Deleuze's 1962 resurrection of Nietzsche against Hegel. Hardt shows
how Deleuze's early analysis of Bergson's critique of ontology and
determination led him to a conception of a positive movement of
differentiation and becoming, which in turn led him to the field of
forces, sense, value, and the thematic of power and affirmation in
Nietzsche. The theory of power in Nietzsche provided the link for
Deleuze to an ethics of active expression in Spinoza: Deleuze's
discovery and analysis of Spinoza's cultivation of joy and practice
at the center of ontology finally resulted in a complete break from
the Hegelian paradigm that had reigned over continental philosophy
and history. Michael Hardt is the translator of Antonio Negri's
"The Savage Anomaly: the Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and
Politics" (Minnesota, 1990), Giorgio Agamben's "The Coming
Community" (Minnesota, 1993), and co-author (with Antonio Negri) of
"Labor of Dionysu
Martin Heidegger (1899-1976), born in Baden, Germany, is one of the
most important philosophers of the twentieth century. The one-time
assistant of Edmund Husserl, the founder of the phenomenological
movement, Heidegger established himself as an independent and
original thinker with the publication of his major work "Being and
Time" in 1927.
This collection of papers is the most comprehensive and
international examination of Heidegger's work available. It
contains established classic articles, some appearing in English
for the first time, and many original pieces provided especially
for this collection. The cross-cultural and political aspects of
Heidegger's thought are examined, including his relationship to the
Nazi party.
The purpose of this collection is to provide a critical
examination of Heidegger's work which evaluates its limits as well
as its strengths, and to assess the prospects for the future
development of his thought. Since many of the leading themes of
contemporary philosophy such as hermeneutics, phenomenology,
existentialism, postmodernism and deconstructivism trace their
intellectual heritage back to Heidegger, this collection will be an
indispensable guide to the issues which are currently being
disputed in the field of philosophy.
Contents: Part I. Human Nature and Human Nurture Part II. Political Theory and Social Practice Part III. Value, Conduct and Art Part IV. Nature, Knowledge and Naturalism
The Intellectual Origins of Modernity explores the long and winding
road of modernity from Rousseau to Foucault and its roots, which
are not to be found in a desire for enlightenment or in the idea of
progress but in the Promethean passion of Western humankind.
Modernity is the Promethean passion, the passion of humans to be
their own master, to use their insight to make a world different
from the one that they found, and to liberate themselves from their
immemorial chains. This passion created the political ideologies of
the nineteenth century and made its imprint on the totalitarian
regimes that arose in their wake in the twentieth. Underlying the
Promethean passion there was modernity-humankind's project of
self-creation-and enlightenment, the existence of a constant
tension between the actual and the desirable, between reality and
the ideal. Beneath the weariness, the exhaustion and the skepticism
of post-modernist criticism is a refusal to take Promethean
horizons into account. This book attests the importance of reason,
which remains a powerful critical weapon of humankind against the
idols that have come out of modernity: totalitarianism,
fundamentalism, the golem of technology, genetic engineering and a
boundless will to power. Without it, the new Prometheus is liable
to return the fire to the gods.
The principle aim of this work is to explore the relationship
between contemporary literary theory and analytic philosophy. The
volume addresses this issue in two ways: first, through four
exchanges between, on the one hand, proponents of avant-garde
literary theory and, on the other, proponents of analytic
philosophy (or of related literary critical positions); and second,
through three cross-disciplinary essays on the relationship in
question. Central topics in the volume include self, ethics,
interpretation, language and characterizations of "analytic" and
"continental" philosophy. Recent decades have witnessed profound
changes within some areas of Anglo-American literary studies. The
most influential of these changes have been associated with the
emergence of contemporary literary theory. Such theory comprises a
range of approaches to literature (and other communicative forms)
many of which derive from or are heavily indebted to continental
philosophy. At the same time, there has been resistance to these
changes, or counter proposals for change, from more traditional
"humanist" literary critics and scholars and, to a lesser degree,
from analytic philosophers. Debates about thes
The question of humanness requires a philosophical anthropology and
we need a revision of what philosophical anthropology means in
light of contemporary efforts in speculative realism and
object-oriented ontology. This is the main claim of the book which
expands into the smaller supporting claims that 1) contemporary
work in speculative realism indicates that Heidegger's analytic of
Dasein needs to be rethought in consideration of certain Kantian
values 2) recent philosophical anthropology offers an incomplete
look at the central concern of philosophical anthropology, namely,
the question of humanness 3) current ontological models do not
account adequately for humanness, because they do not begin with
humanness. From these considerations, a new ontological model
better suited to account for humanness is proposed, spectral
ontology. Under spectral ontology, Being is treated as a spectrum
consisting of beings, nonbeings, and hyperbeings. Nonbeings, or
nonrelational entities, and hyper-beings, are spectral insofar as
they are like a specter which haunts the being that manifests in
the world. Thus, spectral in this sense refers to both the
nonrelational status of nonbeings and to an ontology which reflects
such a spectrum of Being.
Nihilism seems to be per definition linked to violence. Indeed, if
the nihilist is a person who acknowledges no moral or religious
authority, then what does stop him from committing any kind of
crime? Dostoevsky precisely called attention to this danger: if
there is no God and no immortality of the soul, then everything is
permitted, even anthropophagy. Nietzsche, too, emphasised, although
in different terms, the consequences deriving from the death of God
and the collapse of Judeo-Christian morality. This context shaped
the way in which philosophers, writers and artists thought about
violence, in its different manifestations, during the 20th century.
The goal of this interdisciplinary volume is to explore the various
modern and contemporary configurations of the link between violence
and nihilism as understood by philosophers and artists (in both
literature and film).
Management consultant Kenichi Ohmae describes the new reality of
global economic competition as a 'borderless world'. What is the
future of human values, and of environmental quality, in such a
world? The authors whose work is collected in Surviving Globalism
try to answer these questions from the point of view of sociology,
social history, philosophy, geography and political theory. Many
argue that the gains made over the last few decades in terms of
social justice and environmental protection are in grave peril.
Others take a somewhat more optimistic note, but all emphasize the
importance of dealing with environmental and social policy against
the background of a transforming global economy.
In what sense does time exist? Is it an objective feature of the
external world? Or is its real nature dependent on the way man
experiences it? Has modern science brought us closer to the answer
to St. Augustine's exasperated outcry, 'What, then, is time?' ?
Ever since Aristotle, thinkers have been struggling with this most
confounding and elusive of philosophical questions. How long does
the present moment last? Can we make statements about the future
that are clearly true or clearly false? And if so, must we be
fatalists? This volume presents twenty-three discussions of the
problem of time. A section on classical and modern attempts at
definition is followed by four groups of essays drawn largely from
contemporary philosophy, each preface with an introduction by the
editor. First, in a chapter entitled 'The Static versus the Dynamic
Temporal', four philosophers advance solutions to McTaggart's
famous proof of time's unreality. In the next two sections, the
discussion turns to the meaning of the 'open future' and to the
much-debated nature of 'human time'. Finally, modern science and
philosophy tackle Zeno's celebrated paradoxes. The essays by Adolf
Gr nbaum, Nicholas Rescher, and William Barrett are published for
the first time in this volume.
Ronald Dworkins work on equality has shaped debates in the field of
distributive justice for nearly three decades. In this book
Alexander Brown attempts to provide a critique but also a defence
of that work, and to extend equality of resources globally.
Nietzsche says "good Europeans" must not only cultivate a
"supra-national" view, but also "supra-European" perspective to
transcend their European biases and see beyond the horizon of
Western culture. The volume takes up such conceptual frontier
crossings and syntheses. Emphasizing Nietzsche's genealogy of
European culture and his reflections upon the constitution of
Europe in the broadest sense, its essays examine peoples and
nations, values and arts, knowledge and religion. Nietzsche's
apprehensions about the crises of nihilism and decadence and their
implications for Europe's (and humankind's) future are investigated
in this context. Concerning the crossing of notional frontiers,
contributors examine Nietzsche's hoped-for dismantling of Europe's
state borders, the overcoming of national prejudices and rivalries,
and the propagation of a revitalizing "supra-European" perspective
on the continent, its culture(s) and future. They also illuminate
lines of syntheses, notably the syncretism of the ancient Greeks
and its possible example for the European culture to-be. Finally
certain of Europe's current problems are considered via the
critical apparatus furnished by Nietzsche's philosophy and the
diagnostic tools it provides.
This book offers readers a collection of 50 short chapter entries
on topics in the philosophy of language. Each entry addresses a
paradox, a longstanding puzzle, or a major theme that has emerged
in the field from the last 150 years, tracing overlap with issues
in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, ethics, political
philosophy, and literature. Each of the 50 entries is written as a
piece that can stand on its own, though useful connections to other
entries are mentioned throughout the text. Readers can open the
book and start with almost any of the entries, following themes of
greatest interest to them. Each entry includes recommendations for
further reading on the topic. Philosophy of Language: 50 Puzzles,
Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments is useful as a standalone
textbook, or can be supplemented by additional readings that
instructors choose. The accessible style makes it suitable for
introductory level through intermediate undergraduate courses, as
well as for independent learners, or even as a reference for more
advanced students and researchers. Key Features: Uses a
problem-centered approach to philosophy of language (rather than
author- or theory-centered) making the text more inviting to
first-time students of the subject. Offers stand-alone chapters,
allowing students to quickly understand an issue and giving
instructors flexibility in assigning readings to match the themes
of the course. Provides up-to-date recommended readings at the end
of each chapter, or about 500 sources in total, amounting to an
extensive review of the literature on each topic.
This is a Reader's Guide to arguably Deleuze's most demanding work
and a key text in modern European thought.Gilles Deleuze is without
question one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth
century. "Difference and Repetition" is a classic work of
contemporary philosophy and a key text in Deleuze's oeuvre, a
brilliant exposition of the critique of identity that develops two
key concepts: pure difference and complex repetition. "Deleuze's
'Difference and Repetition': A Reader's Guide" offers a concise and
accessible introduction to this hugely important and yet
notoriously demanding work. Written specifically to meet the needs
of students coming to Deleuze for the first time, the book offers
guidance on: Philosophical and historical context; Key themes;
Reading the text; Reception and influence; And, further
reading."Continuum Reader's Guides" are clear, concise and
accessible introductions to key texts in literature and philosophy.
Each book explores the themes, context, criticism and influence of
key works, providing a practical introduction to close reading,
guiding students towards a thorough understanding of the text. They
provide an essential, up-to-date resource, ideal for undergraduate
students.
This book intends to broaden the study of idealism beyond its
simplistic characterizations in contemporary philosophy. After
idealist stances have practically disappeared from the mental
landscape in the last hundred years, and the term "idealism" has
itself become a sort of philosophical anathema, continental
philosophy was, first, plunged into one of its deepest crises of
truth, culminating in postmodernism, and then, the 21st century
ushered in a new era of realism. Against this background, the
volume gathers a number of renowned philosophers, among them Slavoj
Zizek, Robert B. Pippin, Mladen Dolar, Sebastian Roedl, Paul
Redding, Isabelle Thomas-Fogiel, James I. Porter, and others, in
order to address the issue as to what exactly has been lost with
the retreat of idealism, and what kind of idealism could still be
rehabilitated in the present day. The contributions will both
provide historical studies on idealism, pointing out the little
known, overlooked, and surprising instances of idealist impulses,
and set out to develop new perspectives and possibilities for a
contemporary idealism. The appeal of the book lies in the fact that
it defends a philosophical concept that has been increasingly under
attack and thus contributes to an ongoing debate in ontology.
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