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Books > History > Asian / Middle Eastern history > From 1900 > Postwar, from 1945 > General
It's 1952. Marines have been fighting in Korea for just over 2
years. The daring execution of the Inchon Landing, if not
forgotten, might as well have been. For instead of conducting
amphibious assaults and moving rapidly though North Korean forces,
the Marines of the Ist Marine Division are fighting along a main
line of resistance (MLR)-outpost warfare-static warfare that
consisted of slugfests between artillery and mortars, but always
the infantryman moving in small groups attacking and reattacking
the same ground.
Illusrated with full color maps and photographs. U.S. Marines in
the Global War on Terrorism series. Covers the combat service
support operations during Operation Iraqi Freedom between November
2002 and October 2003. Tells a story of reorganization,
preparation, and execution by the 1st and 2d Force Service Support
Groups.
The Diary of a U.S. Soldier in Germany by Cpl. John Tomikel is a
historical document. It describes the life of a soldier in the
occupation of West Germany and its relationship to East Europe
controlled by the Soviet Union. The Korean War is in progress. The
daily life of the soldier and the contacts with German civilians
are noted. Halfway through his tour of duty, John is joined by his
wife. They rent a room in the city of Wiesbaden and mingle with the
natives. John is able to join his wife on most weekends and they
enjoy the cultural offerings of the city as well as trips to
different areas. This is an excellent documentary of the time and
place as well as the life of a soldier. Two momentous events
occurred during this time period, the death of Josef Stalin and the
cease-fire in the Korean War. This is an interesting adventure as
well as a historical document.
Since Vietnam, we have come to realize that today's con icts
involve more than victory in battle to succeed. We need to win the
hearts and minds of the people as well as the re ghts in order to
prevail. Ironically, Marines get this. Their legendary courage and
tenacity on the battle eld is equally matched by their compassion
and engagement with the traumatized civilian population. Marine
General Jim Mattis summed it up best when he said, "We can be your
worst enemy or your best friend."
Rarely is it a good idea for any field of human endeavor to be
dominated by a single theory aimed at addressing a pressing
problem. However, such dominance has recently occurred in the
American approach to counterinsurgency warfare. In recent years,
driven by the perceived failures in the American war in Iraq, the
United States military, and in particular the United States Army,
has determined that when it comes to counterinsurgency, the
population-centric approach is the only way to go. The
population-centric approach dominates the Army's capstone manual on
Counterinsurgency, Field Manual 3-24, a document published in late
2006 in order to help redress shortcomings in fighting the war in
Iraq.1 The driving force behind the manual, General David Petraeus,
took the principles contained therein with him to Iraq, applied
them during the famous surge of 2007-2008, and ultimately turned
that war around. According to this popular account, the
population-centric approach had been vindicated, and it became
something of received truth about how to prosecute
counterinsurgency.
The first comprehensive look at youth living in a country
attempting to rebuild itself after three decades of civil conflict,
Children of Afghanistan relies on the research and fieldwork of
twenty-one experts to cover an incredible range of topics. Focusing
on the full scope of childhood, from birth through young adulthood,
this edited volume examines a myriad of issues: early childhood
socialization in war and peace; education, literacy, vocational
training, and apprenticeship; refugee life; mental and physical
health, including disabilities and nutrition; children's songs,
folktales, and art; sports and play; orphans; life on the streets;
child labor and children as family breadwinners; child soldiers and
militarization; sexual exploitation; growing up in prison;
marriage; family violence; and other issues vital to understanding,
empowerment, and transformation. Children of Afghanistan is the
first volume that not only attempts to analyze the range of
challenges facing Afghan children across class, gender, and region
but also offers solutions to the problems they face. With nearly
half of the population under the age of fifteen, the future of the
country no doubt lies with its children. Those who seek peace for
the region must find solutions to the host of crises that have led
the United Nations to call Afghanistan "the worst place on earth to
be born." The authors of Children of Afghanistan provide
child-centered solutions to rebuilding the country's cultural,
social, and economic institutions.
The first comprehensive look at youth living in a country
attempting to rebuild itself after three decades of civil conflict,
Children of Afghanistan relies on the research and fieldwork of
twenty-one experts to cover an incredible range of topics. Focusing
on the full scope of childhood, from birth through young adulthood,
this edited volume examines a myriad of issues: early childhood
socialization in war and peace; education, literacy, vocational
training, and apprenticeship; refugee life; mental and physical
health, including disabilities and nutrition; children's songs,
folktales, and art; sports and play; orphans; life on the streets;
child labor and children as family breadwinners; child soldiers and
militarization; sexual exploitation; growing up in prison;
marriage; family violence; and other issues vital to understanding,
empowerment, and transformation.
Children of Afghanistan is the first volume that not only
attempts to analyze the range of challenges facing Afghan children
across class, gender, and region but also offers solutions to the
problems they face. With nearly half of the population under the
age of fifteen, the future of the country no doubt lies with its
children. Those who seek peace for the region must find solutions
to the host of crises that have led the United Nations to call
Afghanistan "the worst place on earth to be born." The authors of
Children of Afghanistan provide child-centered solutions to
rebuilding the country's cultural, social, and economic
institutions.
A summary of the author's experiences in armored recon with the
89th Medium Tank Battalion (a unit attached to the 25th Infantry
Division) during the Korean War. Includes comments about the
author's early life, his duty in Japan, and how he met his
wife-to-be before the war. Also remarks about young men committed
to action with limited training, but with a resilience that enabled
them to prevent the North Koreans from taking over South Korea.
"Train Wreckers and Ghost Killers" discusses the contributions the
British Marines and the Korean Marines made to the Allied Forces in
the Korean War. In praise of the British Royal Marines that had
been attached to his command since mid-November 1950, Major General
Oliver P. Smith, Commanding General, 1st Marine Division, wrote
that their services in the recently concluded Chosin Reservoir
campaign made "a significant contribution to the holding of Hagaru,
which was vital to the 1st Marine] Division." General Smith's
comments reflected the view held by many Marines, both officers and
enlisted, of the fighting abilities of both their British cousins
and their Republic of Korea Marine Corps allies. During the three
years they fought together on the Korean peninsula, the British,
Korean, and U.S. Marines forged bonds that still exist today.
The first major surprise of the post World War II years came into
play when in late June 1950, the United States found itself
responding in crisis fashion to the North Korean invasion of the
new republic of South Korea, just four years and nine months after
VJ-Day. The nation became involved in Korea as a result of the
Cairo and Yalta conferences in which the United States and the
Soviet Union agreed to the concept of a free and independent
post-war Korea.
The book is part of the Marines in the Korean War Commemorative
Series. It depicts the Marine involvement in the events from the
Nevada Battles to the Armistice.
Since reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan began in 2001, the U.S.
government, the international community, and the Afghan government
have made improving Afghanistan's justice system a priority. Key
documents have noted the importance of the justice sector,
including the U.S. government's Integrated Civilian-Military
Campaign Plan for Support to Afghanistan and the Afghan
Government's National Priority Programs focus on strengthening
Afghan rule of law and Afghan citizens' access to justice. The
Department of State (State) has invested in a variety of rule of
law programs since 2005, including programs managed by its Bureau
of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) to
train Afghan justice sector personnel. State also serves as the
lead coordinator for U.S. justice sector development efforts in
Afghanistan, responsible for coordinating the activities of several
U.S. agencies, including the U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID) and the Department of Justice. INL has spent
approximately $205.5 million on its Justice Sector Support Program
(JSSP) to provide training to Afghan justice sector officials, to
develop a case management system to track cases throughout
Afghanistan's justice system, and to build the capacity and
administrative skills of officials within Afghan ministries
This monograph is a preliminary accounting of the role of the U.S.
Marine Corps' senior command in the Persian Gulf conflict from 8
August 1990 to 16 April 1991. It is one of a series covering the
operations of the 1st Marine Division; the 2d Marine Division; the
3d Marine Aircraft Wing; Combat Service Support Element, comprised
of 1st and 2d Force Service Support Groups units; Marines afloat in
Desert Shield and Desert Storm; and humanitarian relief operations
in northern Iraq and Turkey.
On Sunday, 25 June 1950, Communist North Korea unexpectedly invaded
its southern neighbor, the American-backed Republic of Korea (ROK).
The poorly equipped ROK Army was no match for the well prepared
North Korean People's Army (NKPA) whose armored spearheads quickly
thrust across the 38th Parallel. The stunned world helplessly
looked on as the out-numbered and outgunned South Koreans were
quickly routed. With the fall of the capital city of Seoul
imminent, President Harry S. Truman ordered General of the Army
Douglas MacArthur, Commander in Chief, Far East, in Tokyo, to
immediately pull all American nationals in South Korea out of
harm's way. During the course of the resultant noncombatant
evacuation operations an unmanned American transport plane was
destroyed on the ground and a flight of U.S. Air Force aircraft
were buzzed by a North Korean Air Force plane over the Yellow Sea
without any shots being fired. On 27 July, an American combat air
patrol protecting Kimpo Airfield near the South Korean capital
actively engaged menacing North Korean planes and promptly downed
three of the five Soviet-built Yak fighters. Soon thereafter
American military forces operating under the auspices of the United
Nations Command (UNC) were committed to thwart a Communist takeover
of South Korea. Thus, only four years and nine months after V-J Day
marked the end of World War II, the United States was once again
involved in a shooting war in Asia.
In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001,
the United States launched and led military operations in
Afghanistan in order to end the ability of the Taliban regime to
provide safe haven to al Qaeda and to put a stop to al Qaeda's use
of the territory of Afghanistan as a base of operations for
terrorist activities. Many observers argue that in succeeding
years, as U.S. and world attention shifted sharply to the war in
Iraq, the Afghan war became the "other war" and suffered from
neglect. The Obama Administration, however, has made the war in
Afghanistan a higher priority, by giving it early attention,
regularly conducting strategy reviews, and making significant
additional commitments of civilian and military resources. By early
2011, senior leaders, including the Commander of NATO's
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), General David
Petraeus, were pointing to discrete progress on the ground, though
noting that such progress was still "fragile and reversible." In
late 2010, NATO and the Afghan government agreed to pursue a key
medium-term goal: the transition of lead responsibility for
security to Afghans throughout the country by the end of 2014. The
U.S. government has stated its intention to begin drawing down some
U.S. forces from Afghanistan in July 2011, and also to maintain a
long-term strategic partnership with Afghanistan beyond 2014.
Strategic vision for Afghanistan is still, many would argue, a work
in progress. President Karzai has consistently stressed the theme
of "Afghan leadership, Afghan ownership." President Obama has
consistently stressed the core goals of the United States: to
disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and
Pakistan, and to prevent their return. Yet for the U.S. government,
fundamental issues remain unresolved. These include: determining
the minimum essential conditions required for Afghanistan itself to
be able to sustain stability with relatively limited international
support; defining the appropriate combination of U.S. efforts,
together with other international resources, over time, required to
achieve those minimum conditions; and balancing U.S. national
security interests in Afghanistan and the region against other
imperatives, in a constrained fiscal environment. This report,
which will be updated as events warrant, describes and analyzes the
key players in the war in Afghanistan; the strategic outlooks of
the Afghan government, the U.S. government, and NATO; the threats
to the security and stability of the Afghan state and its people;
the major facets of the current effort: security, governance and
anti-corruption, development, reconciliation and reintegration, and
transition; mechanisms in place to measure progress; and critical
issues that Congress may wish to consider further.
Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) overthrew Saddam's regime and opened
up one of the world's most secretive governments to outside
analysis, presenting a once-in-a-generation opportunity for
military leaders and historians to delve deep into the
decision-making processes of a former adversary. For the first time
since a similar project at the end of World War II, we have an
opportunity to evaluate military events from not only our own
vantage point but also from the perspective of the opposing
political and military leadership. Admiral Edmund P. Giambastiani
originated this vital and interesting work when he was Commander,
United States Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM). As part of a major
effort to ensure we fully understood the lessons of OIF, he
commissioned a comprehensive analysis of US strengths and
weaknesses. This first-of-its-kind venture was led by Brigadier
General Robert W. Cone, the then-Director of USJFCOM's Joint Center
for Operational Analysis and Lessons Learned (JCOA). Almost as soon
as this effort got underway in the spring of 2003, Admiral
Giambastiani realized that the study would not be complete unless
information about what drove the Iraqis to make the decisions they
did was fully integrated into the analysis. To accomplish this,
project leader Kevin Woods led a small team of professionals in a
systematic two-year study of the former Iraqi regime and military.
This book is the fi rst major product of that effort. It presents a
comprehensive historical analysis of the forces and motivations
that drove our opponent's decisions through dozens of interviews
with senior Iraqi military and political leaders and by making
extensive use of thousands of official Iraqi documents. Kevin and
his team have crafted a substantive examination of Saddam Hussein's
leadership and its effect on the Iraqi military decision-making
process. Moreover, it goes a long way towards revealing the inner
workings of a closed regime from the insiders' point of view.
Presented herein is crucial information currently missing from
still ongoing analyses of OIF, and much of its content will counter
currently accepted wisdom. While the practice of self-critique and
gathering lessons learned are distinguishing features of the US
military, in almost every past instance our understanding of events
remained incomplete because any assessment was limited to a "blue"
only view of the situation. While we often had a relatively
complete picture of what our adversary did, we remained in the dark
as to what motivated his actions. At the conclusion of past
conflicts, we were left to speculate which of our actions were
causing specific enemy responses and why. Expert analysts and "red
team" assessments attempt to make this speculation as informed as
possible, but because of the impenetrability of closed regimes,
even their usefulness is somewhat limited. In this case, however,
by adding the actual "red team's view" to the compilation of
multiple, differing viewpoints, this study hopes to contribute to a
more fully developed history of the war, and allow all concerned to
get closer to "ground truth." General Lance Smith, the current
USJFCOM Commander, and the JCOA team remain committed to this and
similar projects as part of an ongoing process of learning and
improving through the sharing of "ground truth." Though this
project is an important initial step, we acknowledge the history of
OIF is far from complete. Researchers continue to locate,
translate, and analyze information that will shed new light on our
former adversary's perspective of the conflict. It is in the
interest of getting as much accurate information as possible into
the hands of those already studying Operation Iraqi Freedom that we
release this book.
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