Mit dern Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes Uber die Fortzahlung des Arbeitsentgelts irn Krankheitsfalle (Lohnfortzahlungsgesetz) vorn 27. 7. 1969 ist nach haufig geauBerter Meinung eine lang fristige Entwicklung irn Bereich der Einkommenssicherung fUr kranke und verletzte Arbeitnehrner abgeschlossen worden. Der Ubergang zu einer arbeitsrechtlichen Losung ist allgernein als groBer Fortschritt gefeiert worden. Dabei wurde irnplizit unter stellt, eine grundlegende Anderung in diesern Bereich der Sozia len Sicherung sei kUnftig nicht rnehr erforderlich. Diese Auffassung war fUr uns der AnlaB, abweichend von sonst Ublichen Kriterien unter konsequenter Anwendung des vorn Ver fasser in frUheren Schriften erarbeiteten Instrurnentariurns der sozialakonornischen Systerntheorie diese These neu zu Uberdenken. Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht ist irn Forschungsinstitut fUr Einkommenspolitik und Soziale Sicherung an der Universitat zu Kaln entstanden. Meinen Mitarbeitern rnochte ich an dieser Stel le fUr ihre unterstUtzung danken. Insbesondere danke ich Herrn Dipl.-Kfrn. Heinrich Niederfahrenhorst fur die Erstellung des problerngeschichtlichen Teils. FUr die Erstellung des Abschnitts Uber die niederlandische Entwicklung danke ich Herrn Dipl.-Kfrn. Werner Gerdelrnann, der rnir aufgrund eigener Forschungen den Zu gang zu den niederlandischen Quellen errnoglicht hat. Die DurchfUhrung des Forschungsprojekts ware nicht rnoglich ge wesen ohne die finanzielle Forderung durch das Landesarnt fur Forschung in DUsseldorf. Den Verantwortlichen des Landesarntes sei an dieser Stelle der aufrichtige Dank fur die groBzUgige Farderung ausgesprochen."

This manual provides detailed guidelines for using the Simple Linear Actuarial Model in the assessment of health insurances, complementing the publication titled An Actuarial Model for Costing Universal Health Coverage in Armenia. The Simple Linear Actuarial Model was developed to calculate and present actuarial projections and key financial indicators in support of the management of health insurance programs. In Armenia, it can serve as a tool for the assessment of the overall costs and financial sustainability of health insurance programs that automatically updates without frequent intervention of actuarial experts. It is also ideal for the assessment of alternative policy configurations of health insurance schemes.

Directors' and officers' (D&O) liability insurance policy is one of the fastest growing areas in the world insurance market. D&O insurance possesses its own rules of law, principles, and features, making it unique in both its nature and operation. Despite being both commonplace and extremely complex, very little has been published to date on this vast topic. This book scrutinizes the rationale behind D&O insurance and provides a clear and comprehensive analysis of how and to what extent company directors are protected against the myriad of potential liabilities they may face. Contents include: the nature and legality of D&O liability insurance sources of directors' and officers' liability liability to third parties liability at civil law persons covered by D&O insurance D&O exclusions defense costs cover and allocation aggregation principles and D&O cover reinsurance of D&O policies.

Unassuming but formidable, American maritime insurers used their position at the pinnacle of global trade to shape the new nation. The international information they gathered and the capital they generated enabled them to play central roles in state building and economic development. During the Revolution, they helped the U.S. negotiate foreign loans, sell state debts, and establish a single national bank. Afterward, they increased their influence by lending money to the federal government and to its citizens. Even as federal and state governments began to encroach on their domain, maritime insurers adapted, preserving their autonomy and authority through extensive involvement in the formation of commercial law. Leveraging their claims to unmatched expertise, they operated free from government interference while simultaneously embedding themselves into the nation's institutional fabric. By the early nineteenth century, insurers were no longer just risk assessors. They were nation builders and market makers. Deeply and imaginatively researched, Underwriters of the United States uses marine insurers to reveal a startlingly original story of risk, money, and power in the founding era.