In light of changes to the English national educational policy context since the Academies Act 2010, this book examines the relationship between the Catholic Church and the English State with regard to the provision of education in diocesan Catholic schools. The author proposes why, where, and how this partnership should be modified and reinforced in order that the needs of children learning and growing to maturity in Catholic schools, the mission of the church and the common good of society can be addressed. This book, which is not simply about academisation, should be of interest to bishops, diocesan officers, senior leaders and teachers in Catholic schools and academies, directors and governors of the same, as well as many others with a professional or personal interest in English Catholic education. The aim is to put Christ at the centre and children first when envisioning the preferred future for Catholic education in a post-Brexit world.

A startling examination of the deliberate criminalization of black youths from the 1930s to today A stark disparity exists between black and white youth experiences in the justice system today. Black youths are perceived to be older and less innocent than their white peers. When it comes to incarceration, race trumps class, and even as black youths articulate their own experiences with carceral authorities, many Americans remain surprised by the inequalities they continue to endure. In this revealing book, Carl Suddler brings to light a much longer history of the policies and strategies that tethered the lives of black youths to the justice system indefinitely. The criminalization of black youth is inseparable from its racialized origins. In the mid-twentieth century, the United States justice system began to focus on punishment, rather than rehabilitation. By the time the federal government began to address the issue of juvenile delinquency, the juvenile justice system shifted its priorities from saving delinquent youth to purely controlling crime, and black teens bore the brunt of the transition. In New York City, increased state surveillance of predominantly black communities compounded arrest rates during the post–World War II period, providing justification for tough-on-crime policies. Questionable police practices, like stop-and-frisk, combined with media sensationalism, cemented the belief that black youth were the primary cause for concern. Even before the War on Crime, the stakes were clear: race would continue to be the crucial determinant in American notions of crime and delinquency, and black youths condemned with a stigma of criminality would continue to confront the overwhelming power of the state.

Female genital mutilation (FGM) occurs in many parts of the world, especially in Africa. It is a cultural practice thought to have been established centuries ago, though its origins appear to have been lost in the past. International efforts to eliminate it also have a long history. As early as the 17th century, Christian missionaries and colonial administrations in Africa attempted to prevent the practice. Today, efforts to eradicate FGM are under way within and outside of practicing cultures. This book discusses the definition and types of FGM and explores the common justifications for the practice, along with the incidence in Africa, global laws, legal issues, rights and religion. Ethical considerations are examined, as are progress and the role of culture. Personal interviews help to expand and enrich the discussion. The book concludes with thoughts on the movement from tradition to cultural evolution.

In "What's Law Got to Do With It?," the nation's top legal scholars and political scientists examine to what extent the law actually shapes how judges behave and make decisions, and what it means for society at large.
Although there is a growing consensus among legal scholars and political scientists, significant points of divergence remain. Contributors to this book explore ways to reach greater accord on the complexity and nuance of judicial decisionmaking and judicial elections, while acknowledging that agreement on what judges do is not likely to occur any time soon.
As the first forum in which political scientists and legal scholars engage with one another on these hot button issues, this volume strives to establish a true interdisciplinary conversation. The inclusion of reactions from practicing judges puts into high relief the deep-seated and opposing beliefs about the roles of law and politics in judicial work.

Arthur Selwyn Miller's book, the first biography written about Judge J. Skelly Wright, deals with the important aspects of his career as a jurist and the impact of his decisions on the development of constitutional law. Each chapter deals with a specific area of public law: an explanation of the problem and an evaluation of Judge Wright's interpretation. Included are discussions of racial integration, freedom of speech, national security, crime control, and administrative law, as well as an analysis of judicial reasoning. Noting that Judge Wright's judicial career closely followed lines set forth by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, Miller concludes with an evaluation of Judge Wright's entire career.

This comprehensive and innovative volume focuses on the usefulness and relevance of extending the scope of protections already in place for national minorities ('old minorities') to migrant populations ('new minorities') in Europe. Delving into a highly relevant but under-researched issue, the book examines the feasibility of expanding the system of protection for national minorities to migrant groups, as well as considering issues of diversity, security, socio-economic concerns and identity. Taking a multidisciplinary perspective, and combining insights from political science, law, sociology and anthropology, it asks the central question of how far the extension of policies and rights currently specific to national minorities is conceptually meaningful and beneficial to the integration of 'new' minorities. In doing so, it questions the feasibility and appropriateness of extending the scope of the protections already in place for national minorities to other categories of population. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of European Union politics, migration studies, minority studies and more broadly of sociology, international law and human rights.

Offering an in-depth analysis of the impact of the economic crisis (2008-2012) on immigration movements and policies in the U.S. and Europe, the analysis in this book is guided by two key questions: What is the scope of change?; and did the crisis motivate this change or did other factors do so? The contributions to the book find that the crisis had immediate effects on migration patterns - migrants left crisis-stricken countries, naturalised in non-crisis countries where they had previously settled, or stopped migrating to formerly attractive countries which had been negatively affected by the crisis. Whereas prior to the crisis the majority of migrants were highly-skilled, during the crisis there was a shift to vulnerable groups such as low-skilled workers and women. The book also finds that migration policies have indeed changed in times of crisis. However, these changes are neither exclusively restrictions nor liberalisations, but encompass changes in both directions. Despite the coincidence of many policy changes with the crisis, these changes are not primarily induced by the crisis. Instead, politicians rhetorically used the crisis to promote both liberal and restrictive policy changes which were already in the making before the crisis. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.

The Yearbook presents the work of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) between 1 August 2018 and 31 July 2019, as well as its organisation and functioning. The publication also includes annexes that relate to the Court's history and practice since 1946, as well as the Practice Directions adopted by the ICJ

Criminological theory dating back one hundred years has been aware of the need to develop a neurobiology of extroversion, impulsivity, frontal-lobe dysfunction, and aggressive behavior, yet in the twentieth century criminologists have largely forsaken this psychobiological legacy. The Neurobiology of Criminal Behavior looks at this legacy with reference to a variety of neurobiological methodologies currently in vogue. The authors are all distinguished researchers who have contributed considerably to their respective fields of psychiatry, psychology, psychobiology, and neuroscience.

Over the past several decades the seeming escalation of crimes involving sexually deviant, coercive, and aggressive behavior has become an increasingly serious problem, manifested in costs to both victims and society at large. The long-term psychological impact of sexual assault on adult and child victims has been documented numerous times. The costs incurred by society include a network of medical and psychological services provided to aid victim recovery, the investigation, trial, and incarceration of offenders-often in segregated units or special facilities-and the invisible but tangible blanket of fear that forces potential victims to schedule normal daily activities around issues of safety. Despite the gravity of the problem, there has been a paucity of empirical research directed at the etiology, course, remediation, and management of sexually deviant and coercive behavior. In treating these disorders and in making crucial decisions about how to manage these offenders, clinicians have been forced to rely on their personal experience. Such experience by its nature is unsystematic and lacks the validation that empirical research provides. The lack of sound empirical data addressing the problem is certainly noteworthy, though not surprising. The paucity of research in this area may well be attributable to historical scientific timidity about most aspects of sexual behavior. In 1922 Dr. Robert L.

The author compares the legal system in three European countries: Germany, England and France, addressing the legitimacy of the prohibition on religious symbols in public education. For assessment of the legal position of the right to religious freedom and the safeguard offered to religious rights in the different states, the author analyzed the following parameters: state-church relations, identification of unique and central constitutional norms and principles, observation of the historical role and position of religion in the educational system of each of the states and a review of case laws delivered by domestic courts. Finally, the author considered the possibility of a unified, aligned European solution that will be enforceable on the member states by virtue of their obligation to abide by the European Convention on Human Rights.

This book is the first comprehensive study of Plato's conception of justice. The universality of human rights and the universality of human dignity, which is recognised as their source, are among the crucial philosophical problems in modern-day legal orders and in contemporary culture in general. If dignity is genuinely universal, then human beings also possessed it in ancient times. Plato not only perceived human dignity, but a recognition of dignity is also visible in his conception of justice, which forms the core of his philosophy. Plato's "Republic" is consistently interpreted here as a treatise on justice, relating to an individual and not to the state. The famous myth of the cave is a story about education taking place in the world here and now. The best activity is not contemplation, but acting for the benefit of others. Not ideas, but individuals are the proper objects of love. Plato's philosophy may provide foundations for modern-day human rights protection rather than for totalitarian orders.

This interdisciplinary book explores the concept of convergence of the EU with the global legal order. It captures the actions, law-making and practice of the EU as a cutting-edge actor in the world promoting convergence 'against the grain'. In a dynamic 'twist' the book uses methodology to reflect upon some of the most dramatically changing dimensions of current global affairs. Questions explored include: who and what are the subjects and objects of convergence as to the EU and the world? How do 'court-centric' and less 'court-centric' approaches differ? Can we use political science and international relations as 'service tools'? Four key themes are probed: - framing EU convergence; - global trade against convergence; - the EU as the exceptional internationalist; and - positioning convergence through methodology.

Provides a sweeping overview of Justice Ginsburg’s jurisprudence The passing of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg in September of 2020 marked a grim day for women and the broader progressive legal community. In her twenty-seven years on the Supreme Court and thirteen years on the Court of Appeals, she was most known for her trailblazing work on gender equality; however, she also influenced the direction of a multitude of legal subject areas during her long tenure. The Jurisprudential Legacy of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is a critical examination of Justice Ginsburg’s remarkable career, with a focus on the common themes and approaches underscoring her many rulings. In this edited volume, Ryan Vacca and Ann Bartow bring together leading scholars of American law to analyze Justice Ginsburg’s voting patterns and written opinions from the perspectives of subject matter experts. Each essay highlights areas of the law in which Justice Ginsburg had an outsized interest or impact. Chapters delve into topics such as gender equality, voting rights, the death penalty, civil and criminal procedure, employment discrimination, freedom of expression, bankruptcy, environmental law, immigration, and taxation. Together, they form a colorful tapestry that illustrates a long and celebrated judicial career, displaying Ginsburg’s immense influence on areas of the law well beyond women’s rights. The Jurisprudential Legacy of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg shares profound insights into its subject’s unique legal philosophy, and reminds us what we had and whom we lost with her passing.

Originally published in 2006, the Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties, is a comprehensive 3 volume set covering a broad range of topics in the subject of American Civil Liberties. The book covers the topic from numerous different areas including freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition. The Encyclopedia also addresses areas such as the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, slavery, censorship, crime and war. The book’s multidisciplinary approach will make it an ideal library reference resource for lawyers, scholars and students.

The role of providing public access to the law is a critical one for librarians. It has been over ten years since the last law librarianship textbook was published. Since that time, much has changed in the profession, and with the emergence of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing, law librarians must master legal materials and a thorough understanding of the latest technologies in order to best serve the public. Law Librarianship in the 21st Century, a text for library and information science courses on law librarianship, introduces students to the rapidly evolving world of law librarianship. With no prior knowledge of the law required, students using this book will find practical answers to such questions as: What is law librarianship? How do you become a law librarian? How does law librarianship interrelate with the legal world? Individual chapters provide a concise treatment of such specialized topics as the history of law librarianship, international law, and government documents. Standard topics are dealt with as they apply to the law library, including collection development, public services, technical processing, administration, technology, and consortia. The textbook also includes an explanation of the common acronyms and special terminology needed to work in a law library.

Will be of interest to international organisations and policymakers as well as students and academics. Builds on a well-established discourse on the international migration conundrum and "borderization", with most of the empirical evidence embedded mainly in the African experience.

This coherent collection of previously published and unpublished papers also includes a specially written introduction by Warren Samuels. The book examines some of the fundamental issues in political economy in a non-judgemental and non-ideological way. The political economy is a process of decision making and these papers attempt to identify the deepest levels of conduct of collective choice. These include official and private government, the 'rule of law', the nature of property, rules and markets, deliberative and non-deliberative choice, and the operation of selective perception and of intellectual fraud in politics. After an objective reading of these essays, no reader should look at government, globalization, rule of law, constitutions, and revolution in quite the same way.

Offering an in-depth analysis of the impact of the economic crisis (2008-2012) on immigration movements and policies in the U.S. and Europe, the analysis in this book is guided by two key questions: What is the scope of change?; and did the crisis motivate this change or did other factors do so? The contributions to the book find that the crisis had immediate effects on migration patterns - migrants left crisis-stricken countries, naturalised in non-crisis countries where they had previously settled, or stopped migrating to formerly attractive countries which had been negatively affected by the crisis. Whereas prior to the crisis the majority of migrants were highly-skilled, during the crisis there was a shift to vulnerable groups such as low-skilled workers and women. The book also finds that migration policies have indeed changed in times of crisis. However, these changes are neither exclusively restrictions nor liberalisations, but encompass changes in both directions. Despite the coincidence of many policy changes with the crisis, these changes are not primarily induced by the crisis. Instead, politicians rhetorically used the crisis to promote both liberal and restrictive policy changes which were already in the making before the crisis. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.

The Constitution is not so simple that it explains itself—nor so complex that only experts can understand it. In this accessible, nonpartisan quick reference, historian Andrew Arnold provides concise explanations of the Constitution's meaning and history, offering little-known facts and anecdotes about every article and all twenty-seven amendments. This handy guide won’t tell you what the Constitution ought to say, nor what it ought to mean. It will tell you what the Constitution says and what it has meant. A Pocket Guide to the US Constitution presents a straightforward way to understand the American Constitutional system. Without wading through lengthy legal prose, heavy historical analysis, or polemical diatribes, you can easily find out what the emoluments clause means, learn about gerrymandering and separation of powers, or read a brief background on why slaves in colonial America were considered 3/5 of a person. Small enough to put in your pocket, backpack, or briefcase, A Pocket Guide to the US Constitution can be used to comprehend current events, dig deeper into court cases, or sort out your own opinions on constitutional issues.

The rise of microcomputers and the power that they've brought have revolutionized nearly every professional discipline, not the least of which is the field of law. This work presents a survey of microcomputers and decision-aiding software in law practices and the legal process, offering a variety of perspectives from contributors around the world. The book defines decision-making software as having the ability to aid in the processing of a set of law-related alternatives, relative criteria, or rules for determining which alternative should or will be chosen and the relationship between each alternative and criterion. These basic ideas are applied to the work of various members of the legal community, including practicing lawyers, legal policy-makers, and legal scholars.

Following a detailed introduction that provides an overview of the nature, trends, and costs/benefits of decision-making software, the book focuses on the different members of the legal community and the normative and predictive questions that microcomputers and software can help to answer. Part One deals with the practicing lawyer, who must decide whether to go to trial or settle out of court, and predicts the outcome of going to trial or the effects of alternative contract clauses. The legal policymaker, who must decide among alternative statutes and predict the effect of legal policy, is addressed in Part Two. Topics of discussion here include the role of computers in federal tax compliance and using computers to assist in sentencing. Part Three examines the legal scholar and law training, covering subjects such as the American legal computer education and using microcomputers in case-method teaching. Finally, Part Four provides analyses that cut across all three parts of the legal profession, with special concentration on legal prescription and prediction that apply to a wide variety of legal fields, countries, and purposes of the law. This volume will be of particular interest to practicing lawyers in government and private practice, law professors and students, and legal researchers and librarians. Public, academic, and law libraries will also find it to be a valuable addition to their collections.

Written by a leading scholar of U.S. racial studies, this is the only book yet to comprehensively analyze the societal implications of the U.S. becoming a white minority nation as demographic changes bring people of color into the majority. Joe Feagin traces important societal changes since former president Donald Trump declared white nationalists at Charlottesville among the “very fine people on both sides,” up through recent, highly publicized calls by the white far-right to challenge supposed “white replacement.” Feagin details a range of U.S. social, political, and demographic issues commonly described in terms like the “browning of America,” “the coming white minority,” the “minority-majority nation,” and “white genocide.” He thoroughly unpacks these terms with data and comprehensively explores related critical issues, accenting and documenting the larger historical societal context, the big-picture view of four centuries of persisting foundational and systemic racism, and the many challenges to it by Americans of color. The U.S.’s demographic shift is already driving major divisions between Americans and their political parties. It will continue to do so in coming decades. What will the racial and other societal structure of the United States look like by the 2050s?