In recent decades, media theory has become one of the most influential trends in contemporary thinking, namely within cultural studies, the arts and humanities. Spreading mostly from the German scholarly scene, under the influence of post-structuralism, media theory has developed as a fundamental theoretical framework, for many fields of theoretical and applied research, through authors such as the late Friedrich Kittler, 1943-2011. Commenting on several aspects of Kittler's work, and on its impact in different fields of art and culture, this essay collection examines recent developments in media theory brought about by concepts such as "cultural techniques" and "operative ontologies" and by key authors, contributing to this volume, such as Bernhard Siegert, Sybille Kramer and Peter Weibel.