Promoting Reproductive Security in Developing Countries provides a comprehensive approach to developing and implementing reproductive health programs in the developing world. It fills a major gap in the literature by responding to the global need for a detailed guide to comprehensive reproductive health services. Promoting Reproductive Security in Developing Countries furnishes an innovative conceptual model - reproductive security - and offers an in-depth analysis of major reproductive health issues. The need for skilled, dedicated professionals is great. Those who choose to pursue the discipline are promised an endlessly rewarding and absorbing profession that will touch upon the most intimate aspects of life while reverberating globally. This book will be of great interest to public health professionals on both a local and global level, international policy makers, and relief workers.

Obesity During Pregnancy in Clinical Practice highlights the medical evidence on obesity in the postpartum and interconception period, arming clinicians with the knowledge necessary to communicate with their patients on the effect of these changes on diabetes, cardio vascular disease and certain cancers. Obesity During Pregnancy in Clinical Practice provides concise and understandable summaries of the evidence-based, theory-driven lifestyle interventions that have been shown to be effective for weight loss and modifying the risk of developing diabetes and obesity.

Systemic Method Mark B. Mengel, M. D. , M. P. H. Learning Objectives 3 The Biomedical Model 6 A New Framework: The Systemic Patient-Centered Method 9 Physician Roles Patient Roles 22 Patient-Centered Clinical Decision-Making Data Base Responding to Patient Cues Constructing a Mutually Agreeable Plan The Systemic Patient-Centered Method: Other Concerns Changing Larger Systems Ethics of the Systemic Patient-Centered Method Efficacy of the Systemic Patient-Centered Method 32 Safety of the Systemic Patient-Centered Method Conclusion Cases for Discussion Recommended Readings XV 36 34 32 32 31 30 30 27 25 23 16 10 Patient-Centered The 1: Chapter !iiiii!i !ili !iil !i!i !iii !iii iiii !iiiii!i !iii !iil !iii!ii! !i!i!iiiiiii !i!i !i!i!iil ii!i !i!i !iii iiii!iiiiiii !ill !i!i!iii !iii !i!i !i!ilili!iii iiii !iil i!ii iili iii! i!ii ii!i i!ii iiii iiil iiiiiii! iiii iiiiii!iiiiiiiiiii!iiii!iiii iiii iiii ii!i iiiiii!i!i!iiiiiiiii !iii iiii iiiiiiiiii!i iiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiii!i iiii iiii iiiiiiii iiiiiiil iii!iiii iii! iiii iiii i!i! ilil iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiiiiiii iiii!iiiiiii iiii !iiiiiii iiii iiiiii!i iiii !iii !iiii!iii!i ii!i ii!i iiil iiii !i!i!iiiii!i!ill iiiiiiii! i!i iiii iili ii!i iiiiii!i iliiii!i iili iiiiiiiiiiililil iiii iiil ilil iliiiiiiiiiiiiii ilii ilii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiii iiiiiiii ilil i!il iiil iiii ii ii iiiiiiii iiiiiiii iiii !i !i!i !i!i !i!i !i!i !i!i !i!i !i!i !i!i !ill !i!i !i!iii!iii!i !i!i !i!i !!ii !iil !iii !iii !iii !i!i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iii!i ililili! iii iiii iiii iiiil iii iiiil iiii iiii iiii xvi Part II.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a rapidly advancing field of reproductive genetics. With the significant improvements achieved over the last few years in the understanding of many genetic diseases and in the techniques of molecular genetic testing, new genetic diseases are being added to the list of conditions amenable to PGD almost on a weekly basis. Therefore, the subject of PGD is becoming relevant to a much wider variety of medical disciplines and an increasing number of patients who may wish to know more about this treatment option.

This unique book offers a comprehensive yet practical user-friendly guide to preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). It provides understanding of and insight into the complete procedure, its recent clinical and laboratory developments and its future prospects, whilst offering an easy point of reference for patient enquiries. Concluding with perspectives on the ethical and social issues often encountered by healthcare professionals counselling patients with regards to PGD.

Each chapter within Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in Clinical Practice is written by established authorities in their fields. An essential resource for PGD specialists and non-specialists, and for all practitioners working within the disciplines of fertility, reproductive medicine and medical genetics.
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The state of health care is reflected by perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as by the frequencies of long-term neurological and developmental disorders. Many factors, some without immediately recognizable significance to childbearing and many still unknown, undoubtedly contribute beneficially or adversely to the outcome of pregnancy. Knowledge concerning the impact of such factors on the fetus and surviving infant is critical. Confounding analyses of pregnancy outcome, especially these past 2 or 3 decades, are the effects of newly undertaken invasive or inactive therapeutic approaches coupled with the advent of high technology. Many innovations have been introduced without serious efforts to evaluate their impact prospectively and objectively. The consequences of therapeutic misadventures character ized the past; it seems they have been replaced to a degree by some of the complications of applied technology. Examples abound: after overuse of oxygen was recognized to cause retrolental fibroplasia, its restriction led to an increase in both neonatal death rates and neurologic damage in surviving infants. Administration of vitamin K to prevent neonatal hemorrhagic disease, particularly when given in what we now know as excessive dosage, occasionally resulted in kernicterus. Prophy lactic sulfonamide use had a similar end result. More recent is the observation of bronchopulmonary dysplasia as a complication of re spirator therapy for hyaline membrane disease. The decade of the eighties opened with the all-time highest rate of cesarean section in the United States.

course, also aware that many who use this volume One in every three slides examined by a general diagnostic pathologist in the United Kingdom, and will be well familiar with the classical, or 'textbook', in most other countries, comes from a gynaecological appearances of most of the more common conditions patient. Few pathologists can hope, therefore, to and have therefore often chosen an example which, escape a constant exposure to gynaecological path whilst being typical, is not necessarily classical. ology, and it is the aim of this atlas to lessen the We have deliberately chosen not to include any difficulties of this diagnostic burden by acting as an illustrations of gross specimens. This is partly because illustrated guide to the histological diagnosis of of ou r view that such illustrations are of I ittle real value female genital tract abnormalities. to any but the least experienced of pathologists, and Gynaecological pathology does, however, pose a partly because their inclusion would have narrowed number of specific problems: the range and scope of still further our selection of histological figures.

This concise, truncated version of Nagy, Varghese and Agarwal's Practical Manual of In Vitro Fertilization is comprised of select clinical chapters for a portable, affordable and up-to-date resource. Gamete Assessment, Selection and Micromanipulation in ART covers a variety of topics, including: - Human oocyte evaluation - Sperm evaluation and selection - Micromanipulators and micromanipulation - Biopsy procedures on oocytes and embryos - Molecular insights in IVF Practical for both clinicians and researchers alike, Gamete Assessment, Selection and Micromanipulation in ART brings together all of the need-to-know information about these important topics in reproductive medicine.

It is estimated that the functionally significant body of knowledge for a given medical specialty changes radically every 8 years. New specialties and "sub-specialization" are occurring at approximately an equal rate. Historically, established journals have not been able either to absorb this increase in publishable material or to extend their readership to the new specialists. International and national meetings, symposia and seminars, workshops and newsletters, successfully bring to the attention of physi cians within developing specialties what is occurring, but generally only in demonstration form without providing historical perspective, patho anatomical correlates, or extensive discussion. Page and time limitations oblige the authors to present only the essence of their material. Pediatric neurosurgery is an example of a specialty that has developed during the past 15 years and over this period, neurosurgeons have ob tained special training in pediatric neurosurgery and then dedicated them selves primarily to its practice. Centers, Chairs, and educational pro grams have been established as groups of neurosurgeons in different countries throughout the world organized themselves respectively into national and international societies for pediatric neurosurgery. These events were both preceded and followed by specialized courses, national and international journals, and ever-increasing clinical and investigative studies into all aspects of surgically treatable diseases of the child's ner vous system."

This book is designed primarily for anatomic pathologists to facilitate their task of accurately diagnosing embryos and fetuses. A detailed examination of the products of spontaneous and induced abortions is necessary for accurate genetic counseling and for establishing the risk for specific abnormalities or another spontaneous pregnancy loss in the future. The growing interest in the defects of early development reflects the profound change in general life-style. In the past, spontaneous abortions were considered a common, usually sporadic event in a patient's reproductive history. Only reassurance and encour agement were given to the patient and scant attention was paid to the detailed pathology of the abortus. Nowadays, however, as a result of reliable methods of contraception and of the availability of reliable prenatal diagnosis for chromosome abnormalities more frequent in advanced maternal age, significant numbers of parents plan to have pregnan cies later in their reproductive life. Consequently, in a case of spontaneous abortion, the question of "cause" and of "future risk" of recurrence of abortion or an abnormal infant is particularly important. In the era of more elaborate and accurate prenatal diagnostic tests, the pathologist examining products of conception has a primary responsibility to detect, in both spontaneous and induced abortions, any developmental abnormality that would indicate an increased risk of multifactorial, chromosomal, and single gene disorders in a subsequent child.

Growth, as we conceive it, is the study of change in an organism not yet mature. Differential growth creates form: external form through growth rates which vary from one part of the body to another and one tissue to another; and internal form through the series of time-entrained events which build up in each cell the special ized complexity of its particular function. We make no distinction, then, between growth and development, and if we have not included accounts of differentiation it is simply because we had to draw a quite arbitrary line somewhere. It is only rather recently that those involved in pediatrics and child health have come to realize that growth is the basic science peculiar to their art. It is a science which uses and incorporates the traditional disciplines of anatomy, physiology, biophysics, biochemistry, and biology. It is indeed apart ofbiology, and the study of human growth is a part of the curriculum of the rejuvenated science of Human Biology. What growth is not is aseries of charts of height and weight. Growth standards are useful and necessary, and their construction is by no means void of intellectualchallenge. Theyare a basic instrument in pediatric epidemiology. But they do not appear in this book, any more than clinical accounts of growth disorders. This appears to be the first large handbook-in three volumes-devoted to Human Growth. Smaller textbooks on the subject began to appear in the late nineteenth century, some written by pediatricians and some by anthropologists."

This book is based on presentations by some of the world's leading experts at the Sixth International Conference on Clinical Cancer Prevention, held in St. Gallen, Switzerland, during March 2010. The main themes are the latest advances in the prevention of breast and prostate cancer and the role of infection in the development of liver and gastric cancer. Special emphasis is given to perspectives on the chemoprevention of breast cancer, as the conference included an international consensus meeting on this subject. New research findings are presented and potentially more effective cancer prevention strategies are discussed, with careful consideration of controversies. The expertise of the contributors encompasses genetics and microbiology, epidemiology, and health economics, as well as clinical cancer prevention. This book will be of interest to all who wish to learn about the most recent progress in combating the development of cancer.

Perinatal problems in thyroid gland physiology are common but complicated and present a diagnostic dilemma for the primary clinician. In December 1990, an international group of basic and clinical investigators gathered in Longboat Key, Florida to address these issues. The participants included internists, obstetricians, pedia tricians, neurologists, pathologists and basic scientists in cellular metabolism, endocrine physiology, and molecular biology. The presentations contained within this book bring together their most current and vital research related to the field of perinatal thyroidology. This book is based on the dynamic and fruitful exchange of the participants at the symposium. We are indebted to these individuals whose valuable insights and efforts are contained within this text. Barry B. Bercu Dorothy I. Shulman vii CONTENTS Session I Mechanism of Thyroid Hormone Action 1 Leslie J. DeGroot Thyroid System Ontogeny in the Sheep: A Model for Precocial Mammalian Species * . . * * 11 Delbert A. Fisher Pathologic Studies of Fetal Thyroid 27 Development * * * * * * * Douglas R. Shanklin Thyroid Hormone Control of Brain and Motor Development: Molecular, Neuroanatomical, 47 and Behavioral Studies * * * * * * * S. A. Stein, P. M. Adams, D. R. Shanklin, G. A. Mihailoff, and M. B. Palnitkar The Thyroidectomized Pregnant Rat: An Animal Model to Study Fetal Effects of Maternal Hypothyroidism 107 Susan P. Porterfield and Chester E.

Reproduction is, it would appear, a very simple biological event: the result of an act of love. In actual fact, it has always been, and still continues to be, one of the most complex, yet at the same time, most fascinating, problems, with which Science has ever been engaged. Physiopathology of human reproduction has always made use of investigations of a morphological nature, perhaps on account of the need to "see inside" the reproductive apparatus or within the gonads themselves in order to better understand how they function. Observation of spermatozoa practically coincided with the discovery of the microscope, and histological study of the testis and ovary was, for a very long time, the only means available with which to closely follow the evolution of gametes destined to their meeting. Improvement of techniques resulting from the evolution of endocrinology of reproduction has only apparently put aside morphological techniques, whilst at the same time there has been a gradual development of ultrastructural techniques, on the one hand, and, on the other, macroscopic diagnostic systems through images.

Lymphatic mapping techniques have proven to be useful to the early detection and safe treatment of endometrial and cervical cancers; however, the techniques have much of value to offer for breast cancer also and particularly for vulvar cancer, where there has been an explosion of interest and research. In the new edition of Clinical Lymphatic Mapping of Gynecologic Cancers, the techniques are fully explained, with consideration of the latest developments and technologies.

Our knowledge of reproductive medicine has expanded rapidly since the birth of Louise Brown, the first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilization, which was performed by Professors Patrick Steptoe and Bob Edwards in Oldham, Eng land, in 1978. Hardly a year goes by without the development of a new or a modification of an existing method of assisted reproduction. Within a relatively short period, in vitro fertilization has been introduced into the treatment of female infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection has also created new opportunities for the treatment of male infertility. The first edition of this book was published in 1996. In the second edition most of the chapters have been updated and additional interest is focused on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in view of the risk of malformations in newborns. This manual addresses the techniques of assisted reproduction that are avail able today. Competent authors from various centers present, in a concise way, their tried-and-tested procedures, so that the latter can be readily implemented. Due to different legal regulations, the scope of assisted reproduction is much more limited in Germany than in many other countries. For example, whereas only three embryos may be created and transferred in Germany, such restric tions do not exist in several other European countries and the United States. Furthermore, heterologous fertilization, oocyte donation, and surrogate mother hood are banned in Germany."

Julio Morales describes the Puerto Rican nation as being comprised of those individuals who identify themselves as Puerto Ricans. This includes almost 6. 2 million people who live primarily, but not exclu sively, on the island of Puerto Rico, and in the northeastern United States. One gets to be a Puerto Rican by various means. You are Puerto Rican if you are born in Puerto Rico, although at the same time you are an American because you were born there. You are Puerto Rican if your parents are Puerto Rican, even if you have never visited the island, have never eaten arroz y habichuelas, and have never spoken a word in Spanish. You can be a second and third generation Puerto Rican of mixed marriage, be highly acculturated to American culture, but when asked, you say proudly, "I am a Puerto Rican. " You can meet some of us whose world is bicultural, a world where English and Spanish are easily interchanged, where traditional Thanksgiving turkey is followed by lechon asado at Christmas as the main treat, where salsa or bolero are enjoyed with the same passion as rock'n roll or the big band sound. It is a world where various cultures have merged and the historical forces of slavery and Spanish and American colonialism have left their indelible marks on the psyche."

Liposuction began as a contouring procedure but has evolved into the treatment of obese patients, gynecomastia, ptosis, macromastia, and even patients who have complications from heart disease or diabetes. Other disorders such as axillary sweat hypersecretion, lipomas, and angiomas are also potential disorders that may be treated with liposuction.

Physicians performing liposuction must be adequately trained and experienced in the potential and actual complications before attempting to perform liposuction. Patient safety is the most important aspect of all surgeries, but especially of cosmetic surgery, which is an elective procedure.

New technology helps improve results but experience, care, and skill of the cosmetic surgeon is necessary to obtain optimal results that satisfy the patient.

The contributors to this book have spent time and effort presenting the cosmetic and plastic surgeon as much information as possible on the techniques and uses of liposuction for cosmetic and non-cosmetic surgery purposes.

Progesterone, the hormone "pro gestationem", plays a pivotal role in mammalian reproduction during almost all phases of the menstrual cyc1e and all stages of pregnancy. It is involved in the control of ovula- tion, prepares the endometrium for implantation, and, in later stages of pregnancy, is responsible for its maintenance by suppressing uterine contractility. The sudden withdrawal of progesterone action at the end of the nonfertile cycle leads to the constriction of spiral arteries and, in . turn, to menstruation in human beings and non human primates. The decrease in serum progesterone concentrations or its functional with- drawal in the myometrium and decidua are the most important events during parturition in various mammals. In the uterus, progesterone controls the growth and differentiation of endometrial and myometrial cells and regulates a variety of cell functions directly by either stimulating or inhibiting structural and functional proteins, but also indirectly by functionally opposing estra- diol action. In the nonpregnant uterus, there are different progesterone effects on uterine cell proliferation which vary among species. In the fertile cyc1e, progesterone regulates in synergism with estradiol the transport of the fertilized eggs and the c1eavage stage embryos through the oviduct and induces the secretory changes in the endometrium re- quired for implantation. During the period between ovulation and im- plantation, remarkable morphological and biochemical changes in the lumenal and glandular epithelial cells take pi ace under the influence of rising progesterone levels in the human and primate endometrium.

Each year since 1961, the Rochester Trophoblast Conference has grown in the diversity of its approaches to trophoblast research. At the Ninth Conference, Professors Klopper, Villee and Winick molded the conference with their state of the art addresses on Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition of the Trophoblast. The Conference was favored with a multitude of creative studies and with warm, sunny, autumn weather to discuss these results. In October of 1982, one hundred and five investigators from 12 countries and 21 states discussed 42 different presentations at the Holiday Inn in Rochester, New York. The Ninth Conference introduced workshops on Metabolism, Nutrition, Endocrinology and Trophoblastic Neoplasia. The chairmen of these workshops were: Metabolism -Villee and Miller; Nutrition - Winick and Maulik; Endocrinology - Klopper and Muechler; and Trophoblastic Neoplasia -Szulman and Helmkamp. These two-hour, intimate discussion groups were well-received by all who attended. As with the Eighth Conference, the University of Rochester will no longer produce a transcript of the Conference. Beginning with the Ninth Conference, Plenum Press in association with the University, will publish a peer-reviewed series entitled Trophoblast Research. An international editorial advisory board has been named to assure the direction of the series. The editorial board and the organizing committee will develop the future meetings of the Rochester Trophoblast Conference. Trophoblast Research will be published as single bound volumes with original contributions and editorial reports of presentations from the Conference.

Amenorrhea: A Case-Based Clinical Guide is a comprehensive review of the current knowledge regarding normal female reproductive physiology. Replete with interesting case vignettes and providing diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic strategies for amenorrhea, Amenorrhea: A Case-Based Clinical Guide is divided into three sections. The first section is composed of two chapters that provide a thorough review of basic science and clinical knowledge about the organ systems responsible for normal physiology of the menstrual cycle. The second section includes discussion about menstrual cycle disruption as it relates to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, surgical and natural menopause, genetic defects, premature ovarian failure/insufficiency and the effects of caloric excess and restriction. The third section offers an update on the physiological effects of prolonged amenorrhea induced surgically or by hypothalamic dysfunction and also includes an original chapter that focuses solely on the impact of race and ethnicity on the prevalence and diagnosis of amenorrhea. Amenorrhea: A Case-Based Clinical Guide brings together chapters from renowned experts who offer state-of-the-art, clinically useful information in a case-based, reader-friendly fashion. This title will be a welcome addition to the bookshelves of all clinicians who practice in women's health settings.

The definitive reference in the field for more than 35 years, Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine provides today's MFM practitioners with authoritative, comprehensive guidance on every aspect of this fast-changing field. The fully revised 9th Edition brings you up to date with the latest evidence-based guidelines and research as well as the fundamental scientific foundation needed for effective practice, helping you minimize complications and ensure the best possible outcomes for your patients. Renowned experts in obstetrics, gynecology, and perinatology provide valuable information in every area of complex obstetric care, highlighting the most commonly encountered anomalies and providing clear guidelines for obstetric and neonatal management. Offers comprehensive updates on rapidly changing topics, including extensively revised genetic content throughout. Includes two new chapters: maternal and fetal viral infections, including COVID-19; and sexually transmitted disease, covering the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of individual infectious diseases that may complicate pregnancy. Contains user-friendly features such as numerous diagnostic and treatment algorithms for quick access to current protocols; key points at the end of each chapter; and counseling pearls with practical guidance on patient consultation. Features a comprehensive imaging section, including a video library to aid in everyday diagnosis. Shares the expertise of a renowned editorial team-including new co-editors Drs. Lorraine Dugoff and Judette M. Louis-who lead authors representing top institutions from around the globe. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Despite its universality in human female aging, the menopause and its biology are not completely understood. New biologic mechanisms by which sex hormones may be detrimental or confer protection are continually being discovered. We are now starting to understand that the role of the estrogen receptor is not identical in all tissues. Important nongenomic effects for sex hormones have also been described. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has produced effects on health risks: some are reduced, some are increased, and the rest remain uncertain. HRT is being used by an increasing number of women to alleviate climacteric symptoms in the perimenopausal period and to prevent osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease later. Positive effects on Alzheimer's disease and dementia on the one hand, and an increase in venous thrombosis on the other, are currently being reported by several groups. Both the preventive benefits and the risk of breast cancer seem to be linked to long-term and current use. HRT requires further testing through specific clinical trials, currently underway in the United States, before confident recommendations may be made about the full range of benefits and risks.

Human reproduction is the most dynamic of processes. The events which lead to the birth of a normal healthy infant have their origin long before actual fertilization. Indeed, the whole process can be looked upon as a continuum. Human fertilization and early development, once sequestered in the protective environment of the fallopian tubes and uterus, have now been exposed in the laboratory. These events have, over time, been extensively observed and catalogued in animal models. The tools of modem morphology and molecular biology have reopened issues long since considered settled as facets of early reproduction are reexplored. This volume, consisting of the proceedings of a workshop on uterine and embryonic factors in early pregnancy, has been designed to enhance that effort. Attention is focused largely on early embryonal development with special attention to the interrelationship between the embryo and the uterus in early pregnancy. Each of the contributing scientists brings with him or her the perspective of one specific discipline or another. The common denominator is the application of emerging techniques in modem molecular biology to problems pertaining to embryonal-uterine interaction. The goal is to consider specific areas of concern in a multidisciplinary way and to reexplore the factors behind early development and implantation. Uterine complement, the function of uterine macrophages immunoregulatory loops in the peri-implantation period, colony stimulating factors and interferon-like factors are reviewed and their interrelationship explored. Uterine angiogenesis factors as well as embryonic growth factors are also considered.

Hemorrhage and thrombosis are major hazards for pregnant women and their newborn infants. This book is concerned with the developmental mechanisms, the diagnosis and treatment, as well as the prevention of these hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders. The topics discussed in this volume, (1) perinatal hemorrhage in mothers and their offspring; (2) coagulation disorders complicating pregnancy; (3) neonatal intracranial hemorrhage; and, (4) vitamin K deficiency in the neonate, will help bridge the gap between basic scientists and clinicians and between the pediatri- cian and the obstetrician. Hopefully, all those concerned with preventing these disorders will be stimulated by the information and questions raised in the fol- lowing presentations. Acknowledgements We wish to thank Professors Takeshi Abe (Vice President, Teikyo University), Nobuyoshi Shinagawa (Hirosaki University), Hiroaki Soma (Tokyo Medical College), Tamotsu Miyazaki and Keisuke Sakurada (Hokkaido University) for their helpful advice. SHIGENORI SUZUKI WILLIAM E. HATHAWAY JOHN BONNAR ANTON H. SUTOR SHIGENORI SUZUKI. * 1936 in Sapporo, Japan. M.D., Uni- 'versity of Hokkaido, 1963. Lecturer, Hokkaido Univer- sity, 1974. Alexander Humboldt-Foundation Scholarship, Free University of Berlin. University of Munich, 1974- 1976. Foriner President, Japanese Society of Obstetrical, Gynecological, and Neonatal Hematology. President of International Symposium on Perinatal Thrombosis and Hemostasis (1989 Sapporo). Professor, College of Medi- cal Technology affiliated with Hokkaido University since 1983. WILLIAM E. HATHAWAY. * 1929 in Oklahoma, USA.