Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Jura - Andere Rechtssysteme, Rechtsvergleichung, Note: 1,3, Hochschule Anhalt - Standort Dessau, Veranstaltung: Wissenschaftliches Hauptseminar, 20 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Im Rahmen des Studienganges Immobilienwirtschaft an der HS-Anhalt gab es fur die Immobilienbewertung unter anderem dieses Thema zu vergeben., Abstract: Das Thema der vorliegenden Hauptseminararbeit soll Aufschluss uber die Bodenordnung und Bodenpolitik der ehemaligen DDR geben. Die Stellung von Grund und Boden in der DDR ist eine andere als in der BRD oder anderen westeuropaischen Staaten. Grund dafur ist das politische System, welches sich am Vorbild der ehemaligen Sowjetunion orientierte. Mit der Spaltung des ehemaligen Deutschen Reiches nach Kriegsende 1945 in vier Besatzungszonen, war der Grundstein fur die DDR gelegt. Die sowjetische Besatzungszone, die spater DDR wurde, wurde durch ihre Besatzer politisch und gesellschaftlich gepragt, kontrolliert und bis zur Grundung der DDR auch regiert. Viele Verordnungen und Gesetze orientierten sich am System des grossen Bruders." Eine freie Marktwirtschaft, demokratisch freie Wahlen, ein Mehrparteiensystem und die freie Verkehrsfahigkeit von Grund und Boden waren in der DDR nicht gewollt und nicht existent. Aufgrund des immensen Umfangs des betreffenden Themas, werden in dieser wissenschaftlichen Arbeit nur ausgewahlte Inhalte bzgl. des Bodenrechtes und der Bodenbewertung erortert. Mit freundlicher Unterstutzung der Kommunalen Bewertungsstelle in Halle war es moglich das Kapitel der Bewertung von Grund und Boden in der DDR genauer darzustellen. Im wesentlichen soll erreicht werden, dass der interessierte Leser einen Uberblick uber Grundsatze der Bodenpolitik der DDR bekommt. Es werden vorrangig die rechtlichen Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Burger im Zusammenhang mit der Bodennutzung erortert. Das offentliche Bodenrecht wurde nicht behandelt. Uber diesen Teil d

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2000 im Fachbereich Jura - Europarecht, Volkerrecht, Internationales Privatrecht, Note: 14 Punkte, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg (Institut fur Rechtswissenschaften), Veranstaltung: Volkerrechtliches Seminar: Der Kosovo-Einsatz und das Volkerrecht, 44 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Bundeswehr ist fast schon seit sie besteht auch im Ausland (d.h. ausserhalb des Territoriums der BRD und auch des Bundnisgebiets der NATO) tatig. So hat sie seit 1960 weit uber 120 humanitare Hilfsaktionen in mehr als 50 Landern durchgefuhrt. Eine substantielle Diskussion der verfassungsrechtlichen Fragen eines Auslandseinsatzes entzundete sich jedoch erst im Gefolge der weltpolitischen Umbruche 1989/90 als - insbesondere durch den Wegfall der Ost-West-Konfrontation und den Golfkrieg - deutlich wurde, dass sich politische und verfassungsrechtliche Vorgaben nicht mehr zwangslaufig deckten. Auch drangte die internationale Staatengemeinschaft Deutschland zunehmend, seiner wiedergewonnenen vollstandigen Souveranitat zu entsprechen und internationale Friedensmissionen auch militarisch aktiv zu unterstutzen. Die hier zu behandelnden Einsatze sind solche, die im Ausland und nicht zur Landesverteidigung erfolgen. Denkbar waren militarische Auslandseinsatze im Rahmen der Vereinten Nationen, der NATO und WEU, der OSZE, in alleiniger Verantwortung der Bundesrepublik sowie nichtmilitarische Einsatze wie z.B. humanitare und technische Hilfeleistung, Katastrophenhilfe Spendenfluge etc. Durch das Somalia-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts wurden 1994 einige verfassungsrechtliche Streitpunkte entschieden. Auf die Argumentation des Gerichts wird im folgenden noch eingegangen. Der Frage nach der verfassungsrechtlichen Zulassigkeit dieser Einsatze soll hier streng rechtsdogmatisch anhand des Grundgesetzes, d.h. ohne Berucksichtigung der aktuellen politischen Praxis nachgegangen werden. Hierzu ist zunachst festzustellen, welche Normen des G

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2003 im Fachbereich Jura - Andere Rechtssysteme, Rechtsvergleichung, Note: 13 Punkte (gut), Christian-Albrechts-Universitat Kiel, Veranstaltung: Seminar: Umweltrecht in Osteuropa, 14 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Kombination eines rechtswissenschaftlichen Themas mit Aspekten aus der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Disziplin., Abstract: Jahrzehntelang betrachtete man die Wirtschafts- und Rechtswissenschaften als zwei verschiedene Disziplinen mit wenig gemeinsamer Schnittmenge. Beiden Bereichen lagen ganz unterschiedliche Fragestellungen zugrunde. Erst Anfang der neunziger Jahre kam die Diskussion der okonomischen Analyse des Rechts" auf. Dabei beeinflusst die jeweils aktuelle Rechtssprechung die Entscheidungen von Unternehmen und Haushalten bezuglich knapper Ressourcen. Eben mit dieser Ressourcenknappheit und den daraus entstehenden Problemen beschaftigt sich die Okonomie. Im Bereich der entstehenden Schnittmenge ergeben sich zum Beispiel Fragen nach der Allokationswirkung des Rechts oder dem bewussten Einsatz des Rechts als Steuerungsinstrument. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die okonomische Effizienz der geltenden Haftungsregeln naher zu untersuchen. Die Analyse wird dabei beispielsweise von folgenden Fragestellungen geleitet: Welche Praventionswirkungen gehen von Haftungsregeln aus? und: Sind Haftungsregeln ein probates Mittel zur Internalisierung externer Effekte?

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich Jura - Europarecht, Volkerrecht, Internationales Privatrecht, Note: gut, Universitat Leipzig (Institut fur Arbeits- und Sozialrecht), Veranstaltung: Seminar, 28 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Gestaltung des Grundrechtsschutzes im europaischen Mehrebenensystem befindet sich in einer entscheidenden Phase. Neben der Europaischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK) und den mitgliedstaatlichen Gewahrleistungen sowie den aus diesen zusammen mit der EMRK entwickelten allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsatzen tritt mit der Charta der Grundrechte der Europaischen Union (GRC) eine weitere Grundrechtsquelle. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich in Teil 1 mit den allgemeinen Bestimmungen der GRC und den sich hieraus ergebenen Wechselwirkungen zu anderen Grundrechtsschichten in Europa. Im Teil 2 werden die in der GRC geregelten Bestimmungen zum Arbeitsrecht und ihre Auswirkungen in den nationalen Rechtsraum beleuchtet.

Refugees are on the move around the globe. Prosperous nations are rapidly adjusting their laws to crack down on the so-called undeserving. Australia and Canada have each sought international reputations as humanitarian do-gooders, especially in the area of refugee admissions. In Humanitarianism, Identity, and Nation, Catherine Dauvergne traces the connections between the nation-building tradition of immigration and the challenge of admitting people who do not bring some obvious value to the nation. She argues that in the absence of the justice standard for admitting outsiders, liberal nations instead share a humanitarian consensus about letting in needy outsiders. This consensus constrains and shapes migration law and policy. In a detailed consideration of how refugees and others in need are admitted to Australia and Canada, she links humanitarianism and national identity to explain the current state of the law. The book will be of interest to lawyers, socio-legal scholars, law students, policy makers, and anyone interested in a central aspect of Canadian public law and policy. meet the needs of the 21st century.

Detention and deportation are the two most extreme sanctions of an immigration penality that enforces borders, polices non-citizens, identifies those who are dangerous, diseased, deceitful, or destitute, and refuses them entry or casts them out. As such, they are constitutive practices that work to make-up and regulate national borders, citizens, and populations. In addition, they play a key role in the reconfiguration of citizenship and sovereignties in the global context. Despite popular and political exclamations, it is not a brand new world. The denigration of refugee claimants, heightened and intersecting anxieties about crime, security, and fraud, and efforts to fortify the border against risky outsiders have been prominent features of Canadian immigration penality since well before September 11th, 2001. Securing Borders is a close study of the discursive formations, transformations, and technologies of power that have surrounded the laws, policies, and practices of detention and deportation in Canada since the Second World War. During this period, crime categories have proliferated and merged with a reconfigured and expanded understanding of national security. rather disparate concerns - detention and deportation, criminal justice, welfare, refugees, law, discretion, security, and risk - and considers these in relation to more general transitions from welfare to neoliberal modes of rule. Securing. Borders explores, in the context of immigration penality, a number of themes which cross traditional disciplinary boundaries, including: administrative discretion, law, and liberalism; transitions from welfare to neoliberal regimes of rule; intersections of sovereign and governmental, risk-based, governing strategies; governing through crime as central to contemporary public policy; and the border as a heterogeneous and artful accomplishment that constitutes citizens and national identities, and regulates populations. This work is thus a rich interdisciplinary study which promises to be of interest to scholars in a range of disciplines including criminology, socio-legal studies, law, history, sociology, political science, international relations, and public administration. government representatives who work in the areas of immigration, refugee determination, and related fields.

The Blackstone's Guide Series delivers concise and accessible books covering the latest legislation changes and amendments. Published within weeks of an Act, they offer expert commentary by leading names on the effects, extent and scope of the legislation, plus a full copy of the Act itself. They offer a cost-effective solution to key information needs and are the perfect companion for any practitioner needing to get up to speed with the latest changes. The Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants) Act 2004 is the third major piece of legislation in this area in the last 5 years and will introduce a number of radical changes to the current Asylum system. The Act plans to re-shape the way in which immigration appeals are handled as well as introducing significant changes in practice and procedure. For example, new criminal offences are created in relation to documentation and trafficking; rights to challenge removal to a 'safe third country' are removed; asylum support for families who have no further appeal against a failed asylum claim is ended and there are new enforcement powers for immigration officers including powers of entry, search and arrest. The Guide is written by an experienced team of Immigration barristers from Doughty Street Chambers. Structured in a clear and logical way following the parts of the Act, it provides an up-to-date guide as to how the law now works and is an essential purchase for practitioners and organisations working in this fast changing area of the law.

This volume explores the main areas of legal development under the so-called 'Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice (AFSJ) 'which was introduced into European law under the Treaty of Amsterdam of 1997. It examines the main subject-matter of the new AFSJ: migration, family reunion, asylum, police co-operation, and co-operation in matters of criminal law and criminal procedure, and includes discussion of the future of the AFSJ against the background of the current drafting of a first Constitution for the European Union.

This volume first addresses the material details of the Human Rights Act 1998 and then examines the schemes for immigration control mandated by the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999. Further chapters contain in-depth analyses of the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on a number of areas of immigration and asylum law and practice in the UK.

Focusing primarily on the exclusion of the Chinese, Lucy Salyer analyzes the popular and legal debates surrounding immigration law and its enforcement during the height of nativist sentiment in the early twentieth century. She argues that the struggles between Chinese immigrants, U.S. government officials, and the lower federal courts that took place around the turn of the century established fundamental principles that continue to dominate immigration law today and make it unique among branches of American law. By establishing the centrality of the Chinese to immigration policy, Salyer also integrates the history of Asian immigrants on the West Coast with that of European immigrants in the East.
Salyer demonstrates that Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans mounted sophisticated and often-successful legal challenges to the enforcement of exclusionary immigration policies. Ironically, their persistent litigation contributed to the development of legal doctrines that gave the Bureau of Immigration increasing power to counteract resistance. Indeed, by 1924, immigration law had begun to diverge from constitutional norms, and the Bureau of Immigration had emerged as an exceptionally powerful organization, free from many of the constraints imposed upon other government agencies.

This study presents an examination of the historical background and contemporary significance of the asylum and refugee issue confronting Western governments that draws lessons for future policy-making.

This is the first study of the asylum-refugee problems to examine not only the history of policies of receiving nations in the West but also some of the underlying causes of refugee movements. Past studies of the asylum problem have focused narrowly on the conditions in receiving countries and have failed to see the global interconnectedness of the refugee problem. The authors argue that resolving the asylum problem in the West requires policy makers to direct their attention toward the conditions outside the industrialized countries that cause mass movements of populations as well as toward the improvement of their own asylum procedures.

The present increase in the number of asylum-seekers and refugees is neither a temporary phenomenon nor a random product of chance events. It is the predictable consequence of fundamental political, demographic, economic, and ecological crises occurring throughout the Third World and Eastern Europe. However, Western governments did not until relatively recently envisage a large-scale movement of the poor countries northward to Western Europe and North America. Actual migratory pressures from the South and perceived threats of exodus from the East have only served to reinforce a restrictive attitude toward asylum. The refugee problem has reached such a critical point that the very institution of asylum is being threatened. These articles address the underlying causes of the current crisis, assess present policies, and define the considerations necessary for future policy-making.

With over 240 million migrants in the world, including over 65 million forced migrants and refugees, states have turned to draconian measures to stem the flow of irregular migration, including the criminalization of migration itself. Canada, perceived as a nation of immigrants and touted as one of the most generous countries in the world today for its reception of refugees, has not been immune from these practices. This book examines "crimmigration" - the criminalization of migration - from national and comparative perspectives, drawing attention to the increasing use of criminal law measures, public policies, and practices that stigmatize or diminish the rights of forced migrants and refugees within a dominant public discourse that not only stereotypes and criminalizes but marginalizes forced migrants. Leading researchers, legal scholars, and practitioners provide in-depth analyses of theoretical concerns, legal and public policy dimensions, historic migration crises, and the current dynamics and future prospects of crimmigration. The editors situate each chapter within the existing migration literature and outline a way forward for the decriminalization of migration through the vigorous promotion and advancement of human rights. Building on recent legal, policy, academic, and advocacy initiatives, The Criminalization of Migration maps how the predominant trend toward the criminalization of migration in Canada and abroad can be reversed for the benefit of all, especially those forced to migrate for the protection of their inherent human rights and dignity.

Why do decision-makers in similar liberal democracies interpret the same legal definition in very different ways? International law provides states with a common definition of a 'refugee' as well as guidelines outlining how asylum claims should be decided. Yet, the processes by which countries determine who should be granted refugee status look strikingly different, even across nations with many political, cultural, geographical, and institutional commonalities. This book compares the refugee status determination (RSD) regimes of three popular asylum seeker destinations - the United States, Canada, and Australia. Despite similarly high levels of political resistance to accepting asylum seekers across these three states, once asylum seekers cross their borders, they access three very different systems. These differences are significant both in terms of asylum seekers' experience of the process and in terms of their likelihood of being found to be a refugee.
The book moves beyond the claim by some scholars that asylum seeker destinations are uniformly becoming more exclusionary, and the contrary assertions of other scholars that the same destinations are converging on a new inclusive internationalism leading to the decline of state sovereignty. Instead, Hamlin finds these states to be running on three distinct trajectories, none of which are totally restrictive or expansive. Based on a multi-method analysis of all three countries, including a year of fieldwork with in-depth interviews of policy-makers and asylum-seeker advocates, observations of refugee status determination hearings, and a large-scale case analysis, Hamlin finds that cross-national differences have less to do with political debates over admission and border control policy than with the level of insulation the administrative decision-making agency enjoys from either political interference or judicial review. Administrative justice is conceptualized and organized differently in every state, and so states vary in how they draw the line between refugee and non-refugee.

Latin America provides a compelling case for the study of migration policies and laws, with several factors - including both internal and interregional migration and refugee flows, the region's progressive approach to the management of human mobility, and several forced displacement crises of the contemporary era - offering unique insights. Despite the region's heterogeneous migration flows and unique immigration and refugee laws, the academic literature has thus far lacked in-depth explorations of migration policy in Latin America. Voluntary and Forced Migration in Latin America presents a comparative analysis of the migration legislation of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. For each country, the collection provides a historical overview of the evolution of migration legislation, an analysis of the migration flows and types of migrant profiles, and an examination of the country's current immigration, asylum, and nationality legislation. The primary regional and international mechanisms that facilitate a normative approach to voluntary and forced migration, as well as to migrant and refugee rights, are also thoroughly interrogated. Situating itself in the often progressive immigration policies of Latin America, Voluntary and Forced Migration in Latin America offers alternative solutions for other countries facing migration challenges in different contexts.

Whilst immigration policy is a highly controversial topic in the West, states continue to receive people who settle, whether as asylum-seekers or refugees, or as family members of existing migrants or labour migrants. Many who move violate the immigration rules either in entering a country or staying beyond the time allowed. The problems illegality entails for migrants shape much of the law and society scholarship in this area and this volume brings together the key articles which shape current thinking. The main topics covered include illegality, mercy and the language of deservingness; transnationality; family and identity; refugees and asylum-seekers.

Immigration is right at the top of the political agenda right now (cf. France, Germany, and Australia). This book draws together and unifies analysis of immigration into the major EU countries and the US, presenting in an accessible and clear way the major trends and dramatic developments of the past decade. While the influence of the welfare state on immigration incentives is a key issue, various other influences on both legal and illegal migration are analysed, together with the implications of migration for the market outcomes on these two continents.

Cohen challenges the assumption that one cannot work for the central or local government and challenge it at the same time. He does not encourage law breaking, but provides practical suggestions on how an official can act within the law without intentionally magnifying the problems of the person the official is obliged to serve. This book is challenging and deliberately thought-provoking, but it answers the question "what do I do?" This book should be on any syllabus on immigration and social work. Cohen has provided a thoughtful answer to many of the problems that those in social services and school are compelled to confront daily. He has done a fantastic service for all those concerned with the issue of immigration and asylum. This book cannot be praised highly enough.' - SAGE Race Relations Abstracts 'Immigration Controls, the family and the Welfare State is all in favour of the right of Labour to migrate. The rich can always find new markets or new places to build factories, while workers are denied the same right to move. This is the most practical book you could imagine. Each chapter includes case studies and suggests how a campaign around them could work' - Socialist Review 'Written primarily for social and welfare workers and advisers, the book sets out to unravel the complexities of immigration law, and its impact on the family and welfare rights. Among other things the book covers the history of controls, the practical application of law (using case studies), applying for immigration status, working with asylum seekers, interviewing, report writing, and liaison between welfare professionals, advisers and legal representatives. The author is an immigration lawyer with 25 years experience. He is former coordinator of the Greater Manchester Immigration Aid Unit, having practiced at the bar. - Welfare Benefits 'Steve Cohen is a veteran anti-racist campaigner who has for 25 years worked as an immigration adviser, and has during that period produced lucid and compelling analysis of immigration controls and the welfare state Each chapter starts with a casework problem raising important issues of practice. The issue may be about whether the headteacher of a state school can enrol a child who has been admitted for private education; or whether an 80-year-old with no permission to stay can get meals on wheels. In chapters on marriage, children, unmarried partners, asylum and on benefits, education, housing, social and health services and probation, he combines history and comprehensive guidance he explains when and why it is necessary for local authority or voluntary sector workers to ask their clients about their immigration status; how it should be done and the consequences of not doing so This book is absolutely unique in its contribution of "law, theory, politics and practice" and it is absolutely indispensable for anyone working with those affected by immigration controls.' - CARF62 'This is a work of political polemic, with an ace handbook attached. It presents current immigration law and practice for practitioners in education and the medical and social services, from an explicit anti-racist stance. It will also be of considerable use to the specialist legal practitioner It explains immigration issues as they might arise in the context of different areas of practice. Each chapter begins with a true-life tale and a casework example. Examples drawn from life and history are given throughout. The structure of the book is clear and the index likewise useful The book is to be particularly commended to all practitioners for its readability and accessibility, which is achieved without any loss of clarity about the law.' - Family Law The increasingly close relationship between immigration controls and the welfare state makes the law highly relevant to many professional groups, including workers within local authorities, the voluntary sector and the welfare state. In this comprehensive handbook Steve Cohen examines the law, including the 1999 Immigration and Asylum Act, as it applies to the relationship between issues of welfare, immigration control and refugee status, giving pointers for good practice. The practical application of the law is illustrated with a wealth of case studies. The guidelines for anti-racist practice, campaigning, contesting immigration status, working with asylum-seekers, interviewing, report writing and liasing between welfare professionals and legal representatives make this book an essential resource for all professionals working in this field.

The concept of the migrant as rights bearer at law is surprisingly recent and under-developed. Migrants have traditionally been seen as outsiders, persons who are in society but not yet of society. Migrants are at best invitees, 'guests' for whom presence in a country is a privilege. This is the first of two volumes which bring together writings which trace the evolution in thinking about migrants as legal subjects and rights holders. The articles cover: issues around state sovereignty and migrants as subjects of international law; the articulation of rights; different categories of migrants; issues around health and disability. The volume also features an extended article on the proposal for an International Migrants' Bill of Rights (IMBR) put forward by an international consortium of academics and students. A related volume Refugees and Rights is also published as part of the series.

Features evidence that is taken before sub-committee F (Home Affairs).