Is the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) an effective and legitimate tool in European social policy-making? Milena Buchs analyses the goals and instruments of the OMC, discusses approaches which theorize its functioning, examines its policy content and develops a framework for its evaluation. Through the examination of a case study the author demonstrates how policy actors apply the OMC in employment in Germany and the United Kingdom. The book concludes that the OMC pursues contradictory goals and is unlikely to achieve them simultaneously.

A major result of the Second World War was the emergence of small states which vastly increased the membership of the international system. While a number of small states existed before the war many of these had made no effort to participate actively in the system; since then, the doctrine of equality of states has been established, in theory at least, through their admission to the UN. This book, first published in 1984, deals with the factors which have contributed to the emergence of such a large number of small states, the difficulties which they have experienced in achieving statehood, and their struggle to gain political integration. A precise analysis of the foreign policy and economic factors governing the activity of small states, particularly that of Kuwait and the other Gulf states, is presented here.

This work examines the British government's negotiation of the Treaty on European Union which took place between December 1990 and December 1991. On the basis of documentary and interview-based evidence of leading participants from Britain and Europe, it offers an insight into the objectives and motivations of the British government. The author analyzes the various constraints and pressures that impinged on the British government and sets its successes and failures in the Maastricht negotiations in a broader context of British European policy. general interest

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly recognised as playing a significant role in the health sector in developing countries. This book examines the background to the growth both in the sector and interest in it, the strengths and weaknesses of NGOs and the arguments for and against their use for different aspects of the health sector. It focuses particularly on the relationship between the State and non-governmental organizations and the issues critical to the development of policies towards the sector.

This work challenges the dominant discourse of neo-liberalism which places NGOs and civil society at the forefront of democratization and development in Africa. Based on nine months field research in Uganda, the study draws on evidence from the successfully liberalizing country and shows how NGO potential for democratization and development has been subverted by state directives, structural conditions and historical conditions, as well as the internal limitiations of NGOs.

The Council of Ministers provides a comprehensive analysis of the Council of Ministers: how it works, its varied activities, functions, and its relationships with the other key EU institutions and the member states. It is a key legislative institution which lies at the fulcrum of decision-making in the European Union.

Gueldry analyzes the substantive transformations brought upon the French state by European integration through an incremental and cumulative process generally described as Europeanization. This restructuring is characterized by the erosion of traditional political and economic parameters, the emergence of new means and models of public action, and a general paradigmatic redefinition, including a search for renewed political legitimacy by French elite.

Covering the period from 1957 to the present, Gueldry examines how regional integration affects French governmental structures, public policies, political processes, and culture. He emphasizes the post-Single European Act (February 1986) period because of the accelerating momentum of the integration process after this milestone treaty. Students, scholars, and policy makers involved with EU history, institutions, and policies will be particularly interested in the work.

In May 2004, a series of countries, most of them in Central and Eastern Europe, will become new member states of the EU. The institutional reforms necessary to cope with this enlargement of the EU are prescribed by The Treaty of Nice of 26 February 2001. This volume contains the papers discussed at a conference held at Brandenburg University of Technology, on the guidelines, instruments and programmes available to facilitate the accession of CEE countries to the EU, taking Poland as an example. The main topics of the conference were EC law, particularly EC administrative and environmental law and their incorporation into national law, organizational and administrative mechanisms necessary to carry out this process, as well as the latest EU development programmes for CEE accession countries.

A globalization of innovation has produced the most massive spurt in biotechnology in world history.  Businesses, universities, and non-governmental organizations are collaborating to produce a "science-industrial complex" in biotechnology.  Using case studies of stem cell research, cloning, genetically modified food, in-vitro fertilization, and chimeras in a number of Eastern and Western countries around the world, I argue that much of this biotech activity is global in nature and independent of state control.  This shift in the relative influence of state and non-state actors has led to the virtual deregulation of biotechnology and the liberation of innovation from geo-political constraints.  These trends post a number of interesting social, political, and ethical issues for the contemporary period and suggest the need to rethink how controversial moral issues are handled by the science-industrial complex.

Can it be argued that there exists a concept of Nordic citizenship, founded on inter-Nordic cooperation and its relationship with EU law and EEA law? Researchers from all five Nordic States (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) explore the tensions, gaps, and overlaps arising from the interplay of EU citizenship, EEA law, and the Nordic initiatives that aim to facilitate cross-border mobility of persons in the region. The analysis takes a dual approach. Firstly, it tracks the legal development of nationality law in Nordic states. Secondly, it sets out the rights of residence and access to social rights that follow from the three different regimes. It asks if the Nordic States, through their regional cooperation, are 'going beyond' EU free movement law, making naturalisation to a citizenship in a Nordic state particularly attractive. This important new work gives a unique perspective on EU citizenship and free movement law.

This study argues that the practices of European integration reproduce, rather than transcend, the practices of modern statecraft. Therefore, the project of European integration is plagued by similar ethico-political dilemmas as the modern state, and is ultimately animated by a similar desire to either expel or interiorize difference.

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering

The European Court of Justice once stated that the European Community is governed by the rule of law in as much as member states, Community institutions and individuals are bound to the basic constitutional charter, the Treaty. The purpose of this book is to answer the question whether this statement is still valid for the European Union, and to analyze which features best define the rule of law at the European level. In order to define the principle of the rule of law at the European level, this book undertakes a comparative analysis of what the principle means in different legal systems. An analysis is also made of the implications for national legal orders, specifically for judges. The conclusion reached as a result of the research undertaken for this book is the co-existence of two visions of the rule of law within national legal orders: the traditional view of each legal order by itself, and the new vision of the principle as defined by the Court of Justice. This legal phenomenon involves what is defined as "the paradox of the two paradigms of law", which determines a share of concepts, tools and remedies amongst legal systems.

By describing and analysing the process which precedes decision-making in the Council of Ministers, an insider's view is presented in this book of the process of decision-making in the European Union. The main subject is the Permanent Representatives Committee, comprising Ambassadors of the Member States to the European Union, the Permanent Representatives. Coreper has the general responsibility for preparing the work of the Council.

The book is based on a legal thesis, which was published in Dutch at the end of 1993. For the English version the text has been revised and, where necessary, updated. The content, which is largely derived from practical experience, should provide a clearer picture of the current state of affairs of European integration in general, and the functioning of the European institutions in particular. To this extent the book serves the political objective of creating transparency in the decision-making of the European Union.

Audience:

All those working in the public services, international organizations, universities, liberal professions and economic life whose everyday work brings them into contact with aspects of the European Union and its institutions.

This volume assesses the implementation of the EU's cohesion policy and the role that the policy has in stimulating ten new member states from eastern and southern European countries to join the EU in 2004 and in attracting another three to four countries that will join in the near future.

This study analyzes foreign policymaking in reunified Germany. The contributors examine not only classical foreign policy institutions like the Chancellery, Foreign Office and Ministry of Defense, but also other organizations such as specialized ministries, the Länder Parliament, political parties, NGOs, and the media. Built on the insights of practical experience in diplomacy, administration, and Parliament as well as academic research, this volume offers an invaluable guide to German foreign policy since reunification and project its future development at the dawn of the 21st century.

The book investigates the substance of the European Union's (EU) democracy promotion policy. It focuses on elections, civil and political rights, horizontal accountability, effective power to govern, stateness, state administrative capacity, civil society, and socio-economic context as components of embedded liberal democracy.

European integration continues to deepen despite major crises and attempts to take back sovereignty. A growing number of member states are reacting to a more constraining EU by negotiating opt-outs. This book provides the first in-depth account of how opt-outs work in practice. It examines the most controversial cases of differentiated integration: the British and Danish opt-outs from Economic and Monetary Union and European policies on borders, asylum, migration, internal security and justice. Drawing on over one hundred interviews with national representatives and EU officials, the author demonstrates how representatives manage the stigma of opting out, allowing them to influence even politically sensitive areas covered by their opt-outs. Developing a political sociology of European integration, the book shows how everyday negotiations transform national interests into European ideals. It is usually assumed that states opt out to preserve sovereignty, but Adler-Nissen argues that national opt-outs may actually reinforce the integration process.

Spain in the EU takes the country's entry into the European Community in 1986 as its starting point and traces changes in the national and regional economy, shifts in national economic policy, and the fundamental restructuring of the public sector. The book identifies the challenges that continue to confront the Spanish policy under monetary integration, as Spain pursues convergence towards the EU model, while retaining national cohesion.

This book poses a critique of neoliberal economic polices in the EU and proposals for alternatives. The book argues that the economic weakness of the EU is the result of the very restrictive economic policy of the Union and most member states. The book advances from a comprehensive critique of macroeconomic, social and structural policies towards a concrete concept for a democratic European social model based on the objectives of full employment, welfare, social equity and ecological sustainability.

The key challenges of globalization are diffuse and outside the control of any one state. In its most ambitious and forward looking form, global governance seeks to create an international social fabric, albeit imperfect, which cumulatively, amounts to more than the sum of its parts. Global Governance in the Twenty first Century aims to open a number of new areas for further analysis, and in particular, to begin a process of cross fertilization between different disciplines examining issues related to global governance. JOHN AGNEW Professor of Geography, UCLA, USA MICHAEL DOYLE Harold Brown Professor of United States Foreign and Security Policy, Columbia University, USA MERVYN FROST Chair of International Relations, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK FEN OSLER HAMPSON Director of the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Canada RONNIE LIPSCHUTZ Professor of Politics, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA ROBERT PASTOR Vice President of International Affairs, American University, Washington, USA DAID SCHNEIDERMAN Associate Professor of Law, University of Toronto, Canada GEOFFREY UNDERHILL Chair of International Governance, Universiteit van Amste

Policy Experiments, Failures and Innovations takes a policy studies perspective in considering post-communist EU member states? experiences since accession. The book analyses policy transfer processes and expands the new and growing sub-field of policy failure by interrogating the binary ideas of ?failure? and ?success? in the context of the Central Eastern European (CEE) transition, democratic consolidation and European Union membership. Contributions consider the extent to which external models have had real traction in the political economies and societies of the CEE countries. The book also considers the ways external models were adapted, transformed or sometimes abandoned in response to unexpected difficulties in implementation. It provides critical analysis of the setbacks, real or perceived policy failures, as well as innovations and unexpected outcomes in a number of important policy areas in the ?new? member states of the EU. This book will be of interest to policy studies scholars and European Union/European studies scholars. It is also relevant for students of European politics as well as general public policy degree courses at undergraduate and graduate level. Contributors include: D. Adascalitei, A. Batory, A. Cartwright, D. Craciun, S. Domonkos, H. Grabbe, A. Kemmerling, A. Krizsan, K. Makszin, L. Matei, G. Medve-Balint, B.G. Peters, D. Stone, S. Svensson, A. Tetenyi, S. Torotcoi, V. Zentai

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering