Classifying objects into categories at different granularity levels, establishing links between known objects, and discovering clues between known and unknown objects are essential for new-generation semantic data models. This book introduces the Resource Space Model (RSM), which effectively organizes and correctly manages resources by normalizing classification semantics. This volume presents basic models of RSM and the Semantic Link Network (SLN), the relationship between the two, and an approach to integrating the two models and exploring their semantic-rich interconnection. Also detailed is a comprehensive theory of query operations on RSM and extensive coverage of the distributed RSM in parallel with the distributed relational database systems. This text is sure to be considered a substantial contribution to the field of Knowledge Grid by researchers in the areas of web, semantic web, and decentralized data engineering, as well as the emerging semantic and knowledge grid arena.

 The dynamics of the digital economy in the US, Europe and Japan are rather different. Some EU countries come close to the USA as the leading OECD country in the new economy, but Japan faces particular problems in catching-up digitally. Information and communication technology will affect productivity growth, production, the financial system and trade. Setting adequate rules for the digital economy - at the national and international level - is a key challenge for industrialized countries. Moreover, cultural and organizational challenges will also have to be met.

The book is compilation of technical papers presented at International Research Symposium on Computing and Network Sustainability (IRSCNS 2016) held in Goa, India on 1st and 2nd July 2016. The areas covered in the book are sustainable computing and security, sustainable systems and technologies, sustainable methodologies and applications, sustainable networks applications and solutions, user-centered services and systems and mobile data management. The novel and recent technologies presented in the book are going to be helpful for researchers and industries in their advanced works.

This research book presents some specific multimedia systems that have been developed and applied in practice. More specifically, it consists of an editorial, an introductory chapter and six chapters as below. * Use of Multi-attribute Decision Making for Combining Audio-Lingual and Visual-Facial Modalities in Emotion Recognition. . Cooperative Learning assisted by Automatic Classification within Social Networking Services. . Improving Peer-to-Peer Communication in e-Learning by Development of an Advanced Messaging System. * Fuzzy-based Digital Video Stabilization in Static Scenes. * Development of Architecture, Information Archive and Multimedia Formats for Digital e-Libraries. * Layered Ontological Image for Intelligent Interaction to extend User Capabilities on Multimedia Systems in a Folksonomy Driven Environment.

After the dramatic failures of the dot coms in 2000 and 2001, many observers were quick to report on the death of electronic commerce. Investor confidence sagged, stock prices of technology firms in nearly all of the related sectors suffered. In reality, the picture is not nearly as dismal as the press would have us believe. E-commerce is not dead, but it has moved beyond its overhyped beginning stage. This book is an effort to sort through the hype, providing a realistic assessment of the state of electronic commerce today, and the important areas of opportunity and challenge for tomorrow. The book sees all kind of developments where e-business is becoming an integral part of 'traditional' business processes, with special emphasis on practical and policy importance. E-commerce scholars from a number of disciplines and countries contribute to assess the impact of the dot com bust and the current state of e-commerce.

This book presents a specific and unified approach framework to three major components: Search Engines Performance, Link Analysis, and User 's Web Behavior. The book can be used by researchers in the fields of information sciences, engineering (especially software), computer science, statistics and management, who are looking for a unified theoretical approach to finding relevant information on the WWW and a way of interpreting it from a data perspective to a user perspective.

Collaborative Networks for a Sustainable World Aiming to reach a sustainable world calls for a wider collaboration among multiple stakeholders from different origins, as the changes needed for sustainability exceed the capacity and capability of any individual actor. In recent years there has been a growing awareness both in the political sphere and in civil society including the bu- ness sectors, on the importance of sustainability. Therefore, this is an important and timely research issue, not only in terms of systems design but also as an effort to b- row and integrate contributions from different disciplines when designing and/or g- erning those systems. The discipline of collaborative networks especially, which has already emerged in many application sectors, shall play a key role in the implemen- tion of effective sustainability strategies. PRO-VE 2010 focused on sharing knowledge and experiences as well as identi- ing directions for further research and development in this area. The conference - dressed models, infrastructures, support tools, and governance principles developed for collaborative networks, as important resources to support multi-stakeholder s- tainable developments. Furthermore, the challenges of this theme open new research directions for CNs. PRO-VE 2010 held in St.

This 2nd edition has been completely revised and updated, with additional new chapters. It presents state-of-the-art research in this area and focuses on key topics such as: visualization of semantic and structural information and metadata in the context of the emerging Semantic Web; Ontology-based Information Visualization and the use of graphically represented ontologies; Semantic Visualizations using Topic Maps and graph techniques; Recommender systems for filtering and recommending on the Semantic Web; SVG and X3D as new XML-based languages for 2D and 3D visualisations; methods used to construct and visualize high quality metadata and ontologies; and navigating and exploring XML documents using interactive multimedia interfaces. The design of visual interfaces for e-commerce and information retrieval is currently a challenging area of practical web development.

Recent technological progress in computer science, Web technologies, and the constantly evolving information available on the Internet has drastically changed the landscape of search and access to information. Current search engines employ advanced techniques involving machine learning, social networks, and semantic analysis. Next Generation Search Engines: Advanced Models for Information Retrieval is intended for scientists and decision-makers who wish to gain working knowledge about search in order to evaluate available solutions and to dialogue with software and data providers. The book aims to provide readers with a better idea of the new trends in applied research.

Web Intelligence is a new direction for scientific research and development that explores the fundamental roles as well as practical impacts of artificial intelligence and advanced information technology for the next generation of Web-empowered systems, services, and environments. Web Intelligence is regarded as the key research field for the development of the Wisdom Web (including the Semantic Web). As the first book devoted to Web Intelligence, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and a systematic overview of this new field. It presents both the current state of research and development as well as application aspects. The book will be a valuable and lasting source of reference for researchers and developers interested in Web Intelligence. Students and developers will additionally appreciate the numerous illustrations and examples.

Grids are a crucial enabling technology for scientific and industrial development. Grid and Services Evolution, the 11th edited volume of the CoreGRID series, was based on The CoreGRID Middleware Workshop, held in Barcelona, Spain, June 5-6, 2008.

Grid and Services Evolution provides a bridge between the application community and the developers of middleware services, especially in terms of parallel computing. This edited volume brings together a critical mass of well-established researchers worldwide, from forty-two institutions active in the fields of distributed systems and middleware, programming models, algorithms, tools and environments.

Grid and Services Evolution is designed for a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners within the Grid community industry. This volume is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

'Is private regulation of the Internet over? Have states taken over?' This book examines the function of self-regulation in cyberspace. It argues that contrary to what is often supposed in the literature, self-regulation is still an indispensable part of regulation of the Internet and will arguably remain so. It is intricately woven into the mesh of rules that governs the Internet today. Private regulation fills substantive or procedural gaps where no state regulation exists or where it is incomplete or ineffective, thus complementing the reach of state regulation. Simultaneously, states supply legal (and financial) frameworks that enable or complement self-regulation. In practice, often unknown to users, their behaviour is regulated by intertwined rules coming from both states and private groups. While each source of rules retains its identity and regulatory strengths, it is dependent on and complementary to the rules and processes of the other to effectively regulate Internet activities. Dr. Jeanne P. Mifsud Bonnici is a Senior Lecturer at the Centre for Law, Information and Converging Technologies, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. This is Volume 16 in the Information Technology and Law (IT&Law) Series

This book reviews existing operational software failure analysis techniques and proposes near-miss analysis as a novel, and new technique for investigating and preventing software failures. The authors provide details on how near-miss analysis techniques focus on the time-window before the software failure actually unfolds, so as to detect the high-risk conditions that can lead to a major failure. They detail how by alerting system users of an upcoming software failure, the detection of near misses provides an opportunity to collect at runtime failure-related data that is complete and relevant. They present a near-miss management systems (NMS) for detecting upcoming software failures, which can contribute significantly to the improvement of the accuracy of the software failure analysis. A prototype of the NMS is implemented and is discussed in the book. The authors give a practical hands-on approach towards doing software failure investigations by means of near-miss analysis that is of use to industry and academia

Big data technologies are used to achieve any type of analytics in a fast and predictable way, thus enabling better human and machine level decision making. Principles of distributed computing are the keys to big data technologies and analytics. The mechanisms related to data storage, data access, data transfer, visualization and predictive modeling using distributed processing in multiple low cost machines are the key considerations that make big data analytics possible within stipulated cost and time practical for consumption by human and machines. However, the current literature available in big data analytics needs a holistic perspective to highlight the relation between big data analytics and distributed processing for ease of understanding and practitioner use. This book fills the literature gap by addressing key aspects of distributed processing in big data analytics. The chapters tackle the essential concepts and patterns of distributed computing widely used in big data analytics. This book discusses also covers the main technologies which support distributed processing. Finally, this book provides insight into applications of big data analytics, highlighting how principles of distributed computing are used in those situations. Practitioners and researchers alike will find this book a valuable tool for their work, helping them to select the appropriate technologies, while understanding the inherent strengths and drawbacks of those technologies.

Web-based offerings in manu academic disciplines are redefining the educational landscape. In this book, Reinaldo Canton assesses the importance of learner activity in computer programmed instruction. This research explores the practical relation between the learner's behavior and the method of delivery of lesson content. Programmed Instruction in Online Learning is a timely and important book as online instruction becomes increasingly predominant in the education environment.

With the daily addition of million documents and new users, there is no doubt that the World Wide Web (WWW or Web shortly) is still expanding its global information infrastructure. Thanks to low-cost wireless technology, the Web is no more limited to homes or offices, but it is simply everywhere. The Web is so large and growing so rapidly that the 40 million page "WebBase" repository of Inktomi corresponds to only about 4% of the estimated size of the publicly indexable Web as of January 2000 and there is every reason to believe these numbers will all swell significantly in the next few years. This unrestrainable explosion is not bereft of troubles and drawbacks, especially for inexpert users. Probably the most critical problem is the effectiveness of Web search engines: though the Web is rich in providing numerous services, the primary use of the Internet falls in emails and information retrieval activities. Focusing in this latter, any user has felt the frustrating experience to see as result of a search query overwhelming numbers of pages that satisfy the query but that are irrelevant to the user.

Cyberspace in increasingly important to people in their everyday lives for purchasing goods on the Internet, to energy supply increasingly managed remotely using Internet protocols. Unfortunately, this dependence makes us susceptible to attacks from nation states, terrorists, criminals and hactivists. Therefore, we need a better understanding of cyberspace, for which patterns, which are predictable regularities, may help to detect, understand and respond to incidents better. The inspiration for the workshop came from the existing work on formalising design patterns applied to cybersecurity, but we also need to understand the many other types of patterns that arise in cyberspace.

Quickly learn the most widely used front-end development language with ease and confidence React JS Foundations: Building User Interfaces with ReactJS - An Approachable Guide walks readers through the fundamental concepts of programming with the explosively popular front-end tool known as React JS. Written by an accomplished full-stack engineer, speaker, and community organizer, React JS Foundations teaches readers how to understand React and how to begin building applications with it. The book: Explains and clarifies technical terminology with relevant and modern examples to assist people new to programming understand the language Helps experienced programmers quickly get up to speed with React Is stocked throughout with practical and applicable examples of day-to-day React work Perfect for beginner, intermediate, and advanced programmers alike, React JS Foundations will quickly bring you up to speed on one of the most useful and widely used front-end languages on the web today. You can start building your first application today.

This book introduces wireless personal communications from the point of view of wireless communication system researchers. Existing sources on wireless communications put more emphasis on simulation and fundamental principles of how to build a study model. In this volume, the aim is to pass on to readers as much knowledge as is essential for completing model building of wireless communications, focusing on wireless personal area networks (WPANs). This book is the first of its kind that gives step-by-step details on how to build the WPANs simulation model. It is most helpful for readers to get a clear picture of the whole wireless simulation model by being presented with many study models. The book is also the first treatise on wireless communication that gives a comprehensive introduction to data-length complexity and the computational complexity of the processed data and the error control schemes. This volume is useful for all academic and technical staff in the fields of telecommunications and wireless communications, as it presents many scenarios for enhancing techniques for weak error control performance and other scenarios for complexity reduction of the wireless data and image transmission. Many examples are given to help readers to understand the material covered in the book. Additional resources such as the MATLAB codes for some of the examples also are presented.

For the second or third programming course. A practical and unique approach to data structures that separates interface from implementation. This book provides a practical introduction to data structures with an emphasis on abstract thinking and problem solving, as well as the use of Java. It does this through what remains a unique approach that clearly separates each data structure's interface (how to use a data structure) from its implementation (how to actually program that structure). Parts I (Tour of Java), II (Algorithms and Building Blocks), and III (Applications) lay the groundwork by discussing basic concepts and tools and providing some practical examples, while Part IV (Implementations) focuses on implementation of data structures. This forces the reader to think about the functionality of the data structures before the hash table is implemented.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th IFIP WG 5.5 Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises, PRO-VE 2014, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in October 2014. The 73 revised papers were carefully selected from 190 submissions. They provide a comprehensive overview of identified challenges and recent advances in various collaborative network (CN) domains and their applications, with a particular focus on the following areas in support of smart networked environments: behavior and coordination; product-service systems; service orientation in collaborative networks; engineering and implementation of collaborative networks; cyber-physical systems; business strategies alignment; innovation networks; sustainability and trust; reference and conceptual models; collaboration platforms; virtual reality and simulation; interoperability and integration; performance management frameworks; performance management systems; risk analysis; optimization in collaborative networks; knowledge management in networks; health and care networks; and mobility and logistics.