This comprehensive volume provides a plethora of first-hand information on the diversity, biology, and ecology of edible marine bivalve molluscs. It covers the biology of edible marine bivalves; profiles about 180 species, providing information on their habitat, distribution, morphology, food and feeding, reproduction, conservation status, etc.; discusses their nutritional values; examines their pharmaceutical value; and looks at their diseases and parasites. This abundance of knowledge is presented in an easy-to-read style with informative illustrations. Marine bivalve molluscs play important roles in the marine ecosystems by filtering water and serving as habitat and prey for a variety of sea life. This diverse group of species, estimated at around 9,200, inhabits virtually the entire world's oceans, from the balmy tropics to the sub-zero Arctic, and from deep oceans to sandy and rocky shorelines. Among the marine bivalves, a total of 180 species (including mussels, oysters, scallops, cockles, and clams) have long been a part of the diet of coastal human populations. Many species of marine bivalves are also commercially important for other purposes, such as pearls and shells for jewelry and decoration. The volume, part of the Biology and Ecology of Marine Life book series, will be of great use to students and researchers in fisheries science, marine biology, aquatic biology, and zoology.

This book is a concise informative elucidation of all aspects of reproduction and development in annelids covering from arenicola to tubifex. Annelids flourish between 4,900 m depth to 2,000 m altitude; some of them occur in unusual habitats like hydrothermal vents and subterranean aquatic system (stigobionts). A few have no gut and acquire adequate nutrients through osmotrophism and/or engaging symbiotic microbes. In the absence of exoskeleton to escape predation, the 17,000 speciose annelids have explored bewildering modes of reproduction; not surprisingly, 42-47% of them are brooders. With 13,000 species, polychaetes are gonochores but some 207 species of them are hermaphrodites. Clitellates are all hermaphrodites; of them, 76 species are parthenogens, of which 56 are earthworms. Regenerative potency of annelids ranges from an organ to an entire worm from a single 'seminal' segment. The head, tail and both together can be regenerated 21, 42 and 20 times, respectively. However, the potency is limited to ~1% of polychaetes and < 2% of oligochaetes. In oligochaetes, the chloragogue temporally separates regeneration and reproduction but sedentary polychaetes undertake them together at the reduced reproductive output. Only 79 polychaete and 111 oligochaete species have the potency for clonal reproduction. Within families, the potency ranges from 2% in spionids to 54% in naidids. Epitoky, a spectacular and unique phenomenon, involves the transformation from benthic to meroplanktonic reproductive morphism. It occurs in 106 errant polychaete species. The larger glycerides, nereidids and eunicids use muscular energy to climb < 50 m vertical distance. But the small phyllodocids and cteniodrilids may reduce buoyancy to climb 1,000-4,000 m vertical distance. Heterogamatic sex determination is reported to occur only in six polychaete species, although karyotype is known for 83 annelid species. In temperate polychaetes, a dozen neuroendocrines, arising mostly from the 'brain' regulates reproductive cycle. A complete chapter devoted to vermiculture, (i) recognizes the fast-growing candidate species, (ii) distinguishes 'layers' from 'brooders', (iii) indicates that the harvest of oligochaetes may reduce the input of nitrogenous fertilizer in the ricefield, and (iv) explores the scope for increasing wealth from waste.

Volume 5 of "Insect-Plant Interactions" is a volume in a series that presents research in the field. Topics covered include chemical changes in plants as a result of insects feeding on their leaves, dynamic elements of the use and avoidance of host plants by tephritid flies as a result of the presence of other flies, floral volatiles in insect biology, endophytic fungi as mediators of plant insect interactions, the cost of chemical defence against herbivory, and life history traits on insect herbivores in relation to host quality. The book also presents the first available review on physicochemical conditions of the gut lumen from an ecological perspective.

Published in 1989: The CRC Handbook of Culture of Abalone and Other Marine Gastropods provides basic techniques and detailed information on the biology of abalone, tropical top shell, queen conch, and other gastropods. It supplies information and data on the culture, reproduction, nutrition, and economics of gastropods currently being raised.

Arthropods are important to worldwide agriculture, food safety, human health, and energy production. Besides their practical significance, various species represent excellent model systems for biological investigations of evolution, development, physiology, reproduction, and social interaction. For these reasons, arthropod genomics is receiving increasing attention from researchers around the globe. Protocols for Cytogenetic Mapping of Arthropod Genomes is a collection of up-to-date, detailed protocols for physical chromosome mapping and their applications for studying genome organization and evolution in insects and ticks. This book brings together the expertise of cytogeneticists working on diverse groups of arthropods. Each chapter demonstrates approaches to tissue dissection, chromosome preparation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and imaging. The book is a timely and complementary effort to the i5K initiative, which will obtain whole-genome sequences for 5,000 insect and related arthropod species. This comprehensive resource provides cytogeneticists with the necessary background and protocols to understand and develop chromosome-based genome assemblies from such whole-genome sequence data.

Insect-Plant Interactions is a series devoted to reviews across the breadth of the topic from cellular mechanisms to ecology and evolution. Articles are selected from areas of particular current interest or subjects that would especially benefit from a new review. It is hoped that the interdisciplinary selection in each volume will help readers to enter new fields of insect-plant interactions.

The most complete photographic field guide to hoverflies of Britain and North-west Europe ever written. An essential part of our eco-systems, hoverflies are the second most important pollinators after bees but sadly, more than a third of all European species are now under threat of extinction. Written by two leading experts, Hoverflies of Britain and North-west Europe is the first and only photographic field guide to cover all 400 hoverfly species occurring in Britain and neighbouring countries in such detail. Each species account contains a description, population status, ecology and habitat, an up-to-date map of its distribution across North-western Europe, a flight time diagram and guidance on differentiating similar species. There are also detailed illustrations and stunning full-colour macro photographs in each account, showing key features of the species to aid accurate identification. This is the ultimate photographic field guide to hoverflies, and a perfect introduction into the world of these important pollinators, both for amateur and expert entomologists alike.

Because of its peculiar biology, its negative impacts on forestry, and its urticating larvae affecting human and animal health, pine processionary moth has largely been studied in many European countries during the last century. However, knowledge remained scattered and no synthesis has ever been published. Since the IPCC retained the moth as one of the two insect indicators of climate change because of its expansion with warming up, filling this gap became increasingly important. Led by INRA, this book associates 101 authors from 22 countries of Europe, Minor Asia and North Africa, combining all the concerned research fields (entomology, ecology, genetics, mathematical modelling, medical and veterinary science, pest management) in a multidisciplinary approach to understand and model the processes underlying past, present and future moth expansion and to propose adapted management methods. Besides, the major biological patterns of the related processionary species are also detailed.

Cockroaches offer a useful and inexpensive alternative to traditional laboratory animals, yet most researchers are unfamiliar with their biology. This unique and comprehensive cockroach handbook is written for everyone from novice to expert. It addresses every aspect of cockroach biology, with a particular emphasis on the neuroendocrine system. Liberally illustrated chapters include such topics as cockroach culture, anatomy, behavior, and various experimental techniques. One of the few available books to provide broad coverage of the neurobiology of a single organism, this second volume is a must for all researchers in biomedical or veterinary fields, as well as for entomologists.

Insect pests are becoming a problem of ever-more biblical proportions. This new textbook collates a series of selected papers that attempt to address various fundamental components of area-wide insect pest control. Of special interest are the numerous papers on pilot and operational programs that pay special attention to practical problems encountered during program implementation. It 's a compilation of more than 60 papers authored by experts from more than 30 countries.

The first and second editions of Medical and Veterinary Entomology, edited by Gary R. Mullen and Lance A. Durden, published in 2002 and 2009, respectively, have been highly praised and become widely used as a textbook for classroom instruction. This fully revised third edition continues the focus on the diversity of arthropods affecting human and animal health, with separate chapters devoted to each of the taxonomic groups of insects and arachnids of medical or veterinary concern, including spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks. Each chapter includes sections on taxonomy, morphology, life history, and behavior and ecology, with separate sections on those species of public-health and veterinary importance. Each concludes with approaches to management of pest species and prevention of arthropod-borne diseases. The third edition provides a comprehensive source for teaching medical and/or veterinary entomology at the college and university level, targeted particularly at upper-level undergraduate and graduate/postgraduate programs. In addition to its value as a student textbook, the volume has appeal to a much broader audience, specialists and non-specialists alike. It provides a key reference for biologists in general, entomologists, zoologists, parasitologists, physicians, public-health personnel, veterinarians, wildlife biologists, vector biologists, military entomologists, the general public and others seeking a readable, authoritative account on this important topic.

This book explores one of the most discussed and investigated novel foods in recent years: edible insects. The increasing demand for alternative protein sources worldwide had led the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to promote the potential of using insects both for feed and food, establishing a program called "Edible Insects." Although several social, environmental, and nutritional benefits of the use of insects in the human diet have been identified, the majority of the population in Western countries rejects the idea of adopting insects as food, predominantly for cultural reasons. Nevertheless, international interest in promoting the consumption of insects has grown significantly, mainly in North America and Europe. This trend is mostly due to increasing attention and involvement from the scientific network and the food and feed industries, as well as governments and their constituents. The book explores the current state of entomophagy and identifies knowledge gaps to inform primary research institutions, students, members of the private sector, and policymakers to better plan, develop, and implement future research studies on edible insects as a sustainable source of food. The case studies and issues presented in this book cover highly up-to-date topics such as aspects of safety and allergies for human consumption, final meat quality of animals fed with insects, the legislative framework for the commercialization of this novel food, and other relevant issues.

Recent research on skin immunity and the skin microbiome reveals the complexity of the skin and its importance in the development of immunity against arthropod-borne diseases. In diseases such as malaria, borreliosis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, etc., the skin interface has been shown as an essential site for pathogens to hide from the immune system, and as a potential site of persistence. Only very few vaccines have been successfully developed so far against these diseases, likely because of an insufficient understanding on the development of skin immunity against pathogens. Skin and Arthropod Vectors expands our knowledge on the role of the skin interface during the transmission of arthropod-borne diseases and particularly its immunity. This work may support researchers who strive for developing more efficient diagnostic tools and vaccines. It also gives scientists and advanced students working in related areas a better insight on how humans and animals are attractive to arthropods to develop better repellents, or to set up transgenic arthropods.

The present work deals with the diseases of nematodes. Although the term disease implies a pathological condition brought about by an infectious agent, a broader concept is used here.

First published in 1989. Presents research and findings from a series of conferences in the 1980s on the use of plants in pesticides for insect control.

Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution. 1. Tenagodrilus musculus g.n., sp.n., a New Genus and Species of Lumbriculidae (Clitellata) from a Temporary Pond in Alabama, USA; M. Eckroth, R.O. Brinkhurst. 2. Kathrynella, a New Oligochaete Genus from Guyana; P. Omodeo. 3. Oligochaetes (Nididae, Tubificidae, Opistocystdae, Enchytraeidae, Sparganophilidae and Alluroididae) of Guyana; D.F. Stacey, K.A. Coates. 4. Species Separation and Identification in the Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida): Combining Morphology and General Protein Pattern; R. Schmelz. Distribution, Abundance and Habitat Types. 5. Naidids and Other Oligochaetes of Italy; A. di Chiara Paoletti, Sambugar. 6. The Distribution of Oligochaeta on an Exposed Rocky Shore in South East Ireland; B. Healy. 7. Oligochaeta and Aphanoneura in Ancient Lakes: a Review; P. Martin. 8. Distribution Patterns of Aquatic Oligochaetes Inhabiting Watercourses in the North-Western Iberian Peninsula; E. Martinez-Ansemil, R. Collado. 9. The Influence of Water Movement on the Distribution of Oligochaetes; T.D. Slepukhina. 10. Oligochaeta of Lake Taimyr: a Preliminary Survey; T. Timm. 11. Influence of Grain Size on the Distribution of Tubificid Oligochaetes; G. Sauter, H. Gude. 12. Investigations of Oligochaete Community Structure in Different Habitats of a River Marsh Near Hamburg; R. Grimm. 13. Long-Term Changes in Oligochaete Communities in Lake Ladoga; T. Slepukhina. 14. Oligochaetes in the Southern Basin of the Venetian Lagoon: Community Composition, Species Abundance Biomass and Dispersion Pattern; S. Casellato. Population Dynamics. 15. Seasonal Dynamics of Aufwuchs Naididae (Oligochaeta) on Phragmites australis in a Eutrophic Lake; B. Lohlein. 16. Age, Stage and Size Structure as Population State Variables for Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae); A. Pasteris, et al. 17. Oligochaete Species and their Biomass as a Source of Fish Food in Hungarian Rice Fields; A. Szito. 18. Intermediate Host Specificity of Caryophllaeus laticeps (Pallas) in Swedish Tubificid Oligochaetes and Population Dynamics of the Parasite in its Final Host the Bream, Abramis brama (L.) in Lake Malaren; G. Milbrink. 19. Energy Budget of Oligochaeta and its Connection with the Primary Production of a Reservoir; K. Jenderedjian. 20. Production and Population Dynamics of Tubifex tubifex in the Profundal Zone of a Freshwater Reservoir in N. Italy; C. Bonacina, et al. Pollution Studies. 21. Superficial and Hyporheic Communities as Indicators of Pollution and Water Exchange in the River Moselle (France); M. Lafont, et al. 22. Reversal of Eutrophication in Four Swiss Lakes; Evidence from Oligochaete Communities; C. Lang, O. Reymond. 23. A Comparison of Two Tubificid Oligochaete Species as Candidates for Sublethal Bioassay Tests Relevant to Subtropical and Tropical Regions; M. Marchese, R.O. Brinkhurst. 24. Oligochaetes in a Long Term Eutrophication Experiment; P.F.M. Verdonschot. Anthropogenic Impacts on Oligochaete Communities in the Mouth of the Neva; N.P. Finogenova. 26. Upstream and Downstream Movement of Macrofauna (with Special Referenc

This volume addresses chemical interactions between insects and plants, such as feeding and ovipositional attractants and deterrents. It begins with a general introduction to insects in a chemical world. Included is a discussion of molecular biology and genetics in insect control, with respect to potentially inserting the genes for the synthesis of a protective substance into a crop plant. Also covered is the detoxification of plant substances by insects. This volume is especially helpful for chemists and biologists in the field of pesticide research.

This book presents detailed information on the imidazolinone herbicides, provided in chapters contributed by scientists and product development managers who work for American Cyanamid, categorized in sections covering chemistry, biology, metabolism and residues, environmental fate and product performance. Each chapter has its own bibliography, and appendices give (a) details of the chemical and physical properties, formulations and trade names of imazapyr, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazethapyr and imazaquin, and (b) the scientific and common names of species used in the text. There is a general bibliography of references for each of the above imidazolinone herbicides and a useful subject index. The individual chapters are abstracted separately.

With over 100 colour photographs and illustrations, Raising Resilient Bees is the comprehensive source for new and experienced beekeepers, offering a sustainable, natural and repeatable model of care for hive health and production. Global pests and diseases present an unprecedented challenge for the modern honey bee. Hobby and commercial beekeepers alike continue to experience troubling rates of mortality for their colonies, with potentially deleterious consequences for the stability of our wider ecosystems and overall food security. It is time for a global focus on restoring the health of the shared apiary by naturally rearing genetically diverse and resilient lines of bees. Raising Resilient Bees establishes these parameters and provides guidance for new and experienced beekeepers alike to translate these goals into real practice, thereby safeguarding the honey bee from the unknown threats of the future. Authors Eric and Joy McEwen take two decades worth of beekeeping experience, experiments and professional production to deliver groundbreaking methods in queen-rearing, varroa mite management and Natural Nest hive design. Inside, you’ll discover: Revived and adapted heritage Integrated Pest Management techniques How to naturally rear queens and select for resilient, mite-resistant genetic lines without relying on swarming or grafting Key tenets of apicentric beekeeping Advice for establishing a flourishing and sustainable business with beekeeping at the centre How to naturally rear bees with distinctive characteristics suitable to their locale As in large-scale agriculture, the trend toward genetic homogenization is having long-term implications for bees’ capacity to withstand diverse environmental stressors. With expert advice, enthusiasm and easy-to-follow instructions, Raising Resilient Bees delivers important and timely information for every beekeeper to create a healthier future.

In insect and other arthropod immune systems, discrimination between self and nonself tissues is accomplished through the combined actions of two immunocytes and several humoral factors. Immunology of Insects and Other Arthropods presents a comprehensive look at this and other important topics in arthropod immunology. Issues discussed include insect immunocytes and other hemocytes, including computer image analysis of immunocyte serial sections; the two basic cellular immune reactions (phagocytosis and encapsulation), including the molecular basis and roles of gap junctions in encapsulation; how encapsulation is affected by polydnavirus and encapsulation-promoting factors; why insect cells are immune to HIV; humoral factors; and antibacterial factors in Lepidoptera, Diptera, and other insect orders. Other topics include hemolymph proteins interacting with mammalian complement cascade; adaptive humoral response in the American cockroach; antigenic stimulation of hemaglutinin production in insects; and the applications of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) in detecting endotoxins in pharmaceuticals, medical devices, clinical diagnosis, and hygienic control. This book represents an important reference source for hematologists, pathologists, immunologists, AIDS researchers, comparative immunologists, and pharmaceutical companies.

This book is an identification guide to the arthropods (insects, mites, ticks, etc.) which affect the health of people and their domestic animals. It is designed for practical use on the laboratory bench and in the field. Coverage of organisms is world-wide, allowing the student to become familiar with and identify to genus level, all types of medical and veterinary pests. The book's easy to use format makes it useful also to the non-specialist and as a supplement to the conventional textbooks on medical and veterinary entomology.

This book documents the latest accomplishments and technology relating to pheromone use in insect pest management along with the information that lead to these advances. It will appeal to entomologists, biologists, chemists, biochemists, pest control specialists, and insect physiologists.

This book represents proceedings from ICINN 1993, and comprises papers on nerve function, neurotransmitters, ion channels, second messengers and neuropeptides. By using a variety of techniques, combining aspects of nrurophysiology, pharmacology, immunology, peptide separation and sequencing or molecular biology, it has become possible to study systems in greater detail and complexity than before.

This unique book is written with the novice in mind, providing an introduction to all aspects of working with cockroaches. The focus of this writing is on the neuroendocrine system of cockroaches, which was collected by entomologists, primarily with the aim of improving methods of insect pest control. It includes some chapters devoted exclusively to techniques with detailed instructions. This comprehensive work also covers details of anatomy along with illustrations and experimental results. This is one of the few books available which provides such a broad coverage of areas of neurobiology of one organism. This handbook is a must for all researchers in the biomedical/veterinary field. Entomologists will find this reading exciting as well.