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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Zoology & animal sciences > Invertebrates
Thisisnotintendedtobeacomprehensivetextbookofentomology
andarachnology, butratheraconcisesynthesisofcertainbasic
informationrequiredfor BSc(Hons)andMSc(Entomology) examinations.
Theapproachisprimarilyfunctional: forinstance,
theskeletalandwaterproofingpropertiesofthearthropodcuticle
arediscussed, butnotitsbiochemistry;andIhaveincludedonly
thosepointswithwhichIbelievealladvancedstudentsofthesub.
jectoughttobefamiliar. Someaspectsaretodayregardedas
outdated;othersdonotappearinanycurrenttexts, butIhave
includedthembecauseIconsiderthemtobeimportant. Innoway, therefore,
shouldthisberegardedasabookofreference. Tobe frank,
itconsistsofamassofoversimplificationsandunqualified
generalizationswhichareintendedtoclarifythecomplexprinciples
underlyingthem. OncetheseprincipleshavebeenthorougWy grasped,
thereaderwillhaveacquiredasufficientlybroadapproach
tobeabletogetthebestvaluefrommoreadvancedtreatises.
MythanksareduetoDrs. JohnDalingwater, AndrewMilner,
andespeciallyPaulHillyardfortheiradviceonpalaeontological
matters;toProfessorsEinarBursellforpermissiontouseFig. 8,
takenfromhis An Introduction to Insect Physiology(Academic Press),
NeilF. HadleyandtheEditorsof American Scientistto reproduceFigs.
52,53, andtoF. SchallerforFig. 42fromachap terhewroteinGupta(ed. )
Arthropod Phylogeny(VanNostrand Reinhold). Finally,
IwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoRoy
Abrahamsforredrawingthefiguresshowinginsectwingvenations
andtoEileenBerghfortypingthemanuscript. Thebookwas
completedduringtenureofaLeverhulmeEmeritusFellowship
whichIampleasedtoacknowledge, whileProfessorN. A. Mitchison
FRSkindlyprovidedmewithaccommodationinUniversityCol. lege, London.
J. L. CWUDSLEY-THOMPSON Contents 1 PalaeontologyandPhylogeny. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1 TheEarliestArthropodanFossils. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2 TheFirstTerrestrialArthropods. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. 3 EvolutionintheArthropods. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. 3. 1
EmbryologicalConsiderations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.
3. 2 ComparativeMorphology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 1. 3. 3 MonophyleticorPolyphyleticOrigins. . . . . . . . . . . .
. 6 FurtherReading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 9 2 ImplicationsofLiveonLand. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 10 2. 1 TheSignificanceofSize 10 2. 1. 1 Size,
SkeletonsandAllometry 11 2. 1. 2 AllometricGrowth 12 2. 2
WaterRelations 12 2. 3 TheConquestoftheLand 14 2. 4 . TheIntegument
14 2. 4. 1 TheEndocuticle 15 2. 4. 2 TheExocuticle 15 2. 4. 3
TheEpicuticle 16 2. 5 GrowthandEcdysis 18 2. 6 Respiration:
Lung-BooksandTracheae 19 2. 7 NutritionandExcretion 21 2. 7. 1
Nutrition 21 2. 7. 2 Excretion 22 2. 8
EcologicalConsiderationsofSize 23 FurtherReading 25 3
TheConquestoftheLandbyCrustacea. . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3. 1
TypesofAdaptation. . . . 26 3. 2
TransitionfromWatertoLandinAmphipoda 26 3. 3
TransitionfromWatertoLandinDecapoda 28 3. 4
TransitionfromWatertoLandinIsopoda 30 3. 4. 1 Morphology 30 3. 4.
2Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3. 4. 3 Behaviour 34 VIII Contents 3. 5 Conclusion 35
FurtherReading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 4
InsectPhylogenyandtheOriginofFlight. . . . 37 4. 1
AncestryofInsects 37 4. 2 TheOriginofWings 38 4. 2. 1
Apte10taandtheAncestryofSpiders 39 4. 3 Paranota1Theory 40 4. 4
TrachealGillTheory . 42 4. 5 SelectionforFlight 43 4. 6
PhylogenyoftheLowerInsectOrders . 44 4. 6. 1 Fossil
The nemerteans are a fascinating, common and often locally abundant
group of invertebrates, yet for long have attracted the attention
of only a handful of scientists. In recent years, however,
increasing numbers of people have developed diverse research
interests in the group with the result that our knowledge of these
worms has rapidly advanced. Clearly there is a need for a regular
series of international meetings where individuals working on these
animals can meet to exchange ideas, review developments concerning
nemertean biology and freely discuss future proposals. The first
such meeting was held in Philadelphia during December 1983.
Twenty-seven scientists from eight countries participated in the
Second International Meeting on Nemertean Biology, held at the
Tjarno Marine Biological Laboratory, Sweden, 11-15 August 1986. The
meeting was divid ed into five sessions: two dealt with ecological
studies, two with nemertean taxonomy, and the final session covered
aspects of general biology. A total of 26 papers was presented;
four, by N. Anadem, G. Berg, 1. Bierne, and 1.M. TurbeviIIe, were
for different reasons not submitted for inclusion in this volume.
Three additional presentations were made on behalf of B. Kulikova,
E. N. WiIImer, and Z. Yin, all of whom were unable to participate
in the meeting.
Bees existed long before human beings, but our future is perhaps
more reliant upon them than any other species. They pollinate 80
per cent of the world's crops and plants, but how much do we really
know about them? Small, clever and mysterious, the honeybee in
particular has long been celebrated in human culture as a sacred
insect, a symbol of the sun, bridging the gap between our world and
the next. They are expert communicators, skilled aviators and
natural alchemists, turning fresh nectar into sweet, golden honey.
They are also in trouble and need our help. This beautifully
illustrated guide explores the honeybee's historic relationship
with humans, the basics of beekeeping, and how we can help save the
bees' dwindling population.
A rapidly growing interdisciplinary field, disease ecology merges
key ideas from ecology, medicine, genetics, immunology, and
epidemiology to study how hosts and pathogens interact in
populations, communities, and entire ecosystems. Bringing together
contributions from leading international experts on the ecology of
diseases among invertebrate species, this book provides a
comprehensive assessment of the current state of the field.
Beginning with an introductory overview of general principles and
methodologies, the book continues with in-depth discussions of a
range of critical issues concerning invertebrate disease
epidemiology, molecular biology, vectors, and pathogens. Topics
covered in detail include: Methods for studying the ecology of
invertebrate diseases and pathogens Invertebrate pathogen ecology
and the ecology of pathogen groups Applied ecology of invertebrate
pathogens Leveraging the ecology of invertebrate pathogens in
microbial control Prevention and management of infectious diseases
of aquatic invertebrates Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases is a
necessary and long overdue addition to the world literature on this
vitally important subject. This volume belongs on the reference
shelves of all those involved in the environmental sciences,
genetics, microbiology, marine biology, immunology, epidemiology,
fisheries and wildlife science, and related disciplines.
This major reference work contains essential information on
arthropod-borne infections affecting humans and domesticated
animals. The encyclopedia is a key reference source for anyone
working in medical and veterinary science, and related fields.
Features of "iThe Encyclopedia of Arthropod-transmitted Infections"
are 150 entries, describing arboviral, viral, bacterial and
rickettsial, spirochaetal, protozoal and filarial infections, and
the vectors that transmit themInformation on disease distribution,
clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission cycles, vector
life-cycles, and treatment and control measures. Figures, tables
and photographs illustrate the text. Following each entry is a
selected bibliography, to aid further reading on the topic. Over 80
different international authors, with expertise in medicine,
veterinary science, parasitology, entomology, epidemiology,
microbiology, and zoology have contributed to the encyclopedia
Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Insect-Plant
Relationships (Pau 1986)
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Insects on Palms
(Hardcover)
Forrest Howard, Robin Giblin-Davis, David Moore, Reynaldo Abad
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R4,198
Discovery Miles 41 980
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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Palms constitute one of the largest botanical families, and include
some of the world s most important economic plants. They are also
unequalled as outdoor and indoor ornamental plants, and include
many species that are essential components of the ecosystems of
tropical and other warm regions. This book reviews the
inter-relationships between palms and insects, emphasizing the
similarities in different world regions. The host plants,
distribution, and bionomics of representative insects are discussed
according to their feeding sites on palms (foliage, flowers,
fruits, and stems) and their taxonomic groups. Host and
distribution records for the most extensively represented insect
families on palms are tabulated. Pest management and field
techniques are also covered. This book is recommended reading for
tropical biologists and agriculturalists, including entomologists,
horticulturists and tropical ecologists as well as palm nursery
growers, managers and enthusiasts."
Few branches of the biological sciences have developed to such an
extent as has ecology in the recent decades. The successful
development of this science is directly related to need to create a
sound scientific basis by which we can control our diminishing
natural resources and integrate this with the control of biological
systems of the component species. Studies on the bioenergetics of
ecosystems, as well as on the home ostatic mechanisms functioning
at the populations and biocenoses levels are of great importance in
this respect. The results of these studies are very significant in
forestry management which deals with multiannual tree communities -
forest stands. It is particularly important in this of the
necessity for the possible respect for economic planning, in view
prolonged maintenance of forest biocenoses as stable systems.
Neither in the present nor in the immediate future can be
protection of forest ecosystems consisting of natural plant and
animal communities be achieved by the cultivation of resistant
forms or the intensification of chemical intervention."
The behaviour of these bees has been adapted to some extent to meet
beekeeping requirements but few advances have been made in altering
their behaviour so that honey and wax production is increased. Bee
pheromone research aims to identify the pheromones and make
analogous synthetic chemicals thus allowing the control of the
colony's activities and enhancing honey production. This book
evaluates the present state of knowledge of each known pheromone,
discusses the pheromones of the stingless bees and describes the
effect of pheromones on the social organization and mating
behaviour of bumblebees. Suggestions are made for further and
different types of research into pheromones. The book should be of
interest to zoologists, entomologists and general biologists.
The nature and diversity of presentations at the second
International Conference on Insect Neurochemistry and
Neurophysiology (ICINN--86) held at the University of Maryland on
August 4-6. 1986, attest to the vital ity and broad scope of
research in insect neuroscience. The present vol ume is a written
account of the invited lectures, contributed papers, and posters
presented at the conference, and as such, serves as a fair indica
tor of the trends in current research in this field here and
abroad. The principal portion of this book consists of seven review
papers that were presented by invited speakers. Although the topics
vary wide ly, they reflect on and emphasize the main theme of the
conference, i. e., the nature and function of molecular messengers
that communicate be meen the central nervous system and organs or
tissues involved in the growth, development, reproduction, and
behavior of insects. This empha sis is continued in the following
three sections on neurochemistry, neuro physiology, and
neuroanatomy, although no conscious effort was made by the
organizers to highlight these particular fields of neuroscience. It
is evident that the recent advances in both physical and chemical
analyti cal techniques have made possible the acquisition of
structurally defined probes, the long sought-after tools for
unraveling the secrets of endogen ous communication. Each section
of short papers derived from the oral and poster presentations at
the conference is prefaced by an overview that highlights and
summarizes the section's content."
Beetles, the most diverse group of insects, are often abundant in
terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Many species are under
threat from human changes to natural environments, and some are
valuable tools in conservation, because they respond rapidly to
changes that occur. Knowledge of these responses, of both abundance
and composition of assemblages, enable use of some beetles to
monitor environmental changes. Beetles impinge on humanity on many
ways: as cultural objects, desirable collectables, major pests and
competitors for resources need by people, as beneficial consumers
of other pests, and by ensuring the continuity of vital ecological
processes. This book is the first major global overview of the
importance of conservation of beetles, and brings together much
hitherto scattered information to demonstrate the needs for
conservation, and how it may be approached. It is a source of value
to students, research workers, conservation biologists and
ecosystem managers as an introduction to the richness and
importance of this predominant component of invertebrate life.
Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium held at Zvikovske podhradi,
September 2-8, 1984
The increasing use of integrated crop management, often requiring a
reduction in the reliance upon chemical control, means that the
need to rapidly identify pest nematodes has never been greater.
This second edition of this standard reference work familiar to all
plant nematologists is therefore even more useful than its
predecessor published in 1986. The in-depth description of the life
histories of the genera of the Tylenchida have been retained and
brought up-to-date through the inclusion of all the research
carried out between the publication of the last edition and this
new edition. This expanded edition includes detailed diagnoses of
well over 200 genera and familial and ordinal groups and the book
is heavily illustrated with drawings of type or representative
species. These, together with comprehensive lists of species and
genera and their synonymies provide the foundation for the status
and validation of each taxon within the Tylenchida. A considerable
amount of information is provided regarding the biology, ecology
and pathogenicity of these parasites. This book is the only
comprehensive reference work on this important group of nematodes.
Bark Beetle Management, Ecology, and Climate Change provides the
most updated and comprehensive knowledge on the complex effects of
global warming upon the economically and ecologically important
bark beetle species and their host trees. This authoritative
reference synthesizes information on how forest disturbances and
environmental changes due to current and future climate changes
alter the ecology and management of bark beetles in forested
landscapes. Written by international experts on bark beetle
ecology, this book covers topics ranging from changes in bark
beetle distributions and addition of novel hosts due to climate
change, interactions of insects with altered host physiology and
disturbance regimes, ecosystem-level impacts of bark beetle
outbreaks due to climate change, multi-trophic changes mediated via
climate change, and management of bark beetles in altered forests
and climate conditions. Bark Beetle Management, Ecology, and
Climate Change is an important resource for entomologists, as well
as forest health specialists, policy makers, and conservationists
who are interested in multi-faceted impacts of climate change on
forest insects at the organismal, population, and community-levels.
Insects are the most abundant and diverse organisms that inhabit
our planet and are found in all the world's forest ecosystems. Many
feed and/or breed on parts of trees. Some perform important
functions, such as pollination or break-down of dead vegetation.
Others weaken, deform or kill trees, and compete with humans for
the many goods and services that trees and forests provide.
"Forest" "Entomology: A Global Perspective" examines forest insects
in a global context and reviews their dynamics, interactions with
humans and methods for monitoring and management of species that
damage forests. Also provided are 235 profiles of forest insects,
worldwide. A series of tables provides summaries of the
distribution and hosts of many more species. Included are those
that damage forests, others that are simply curiosities and some
that are beneficial. This book is designed as a reference for
students, practicing foresters and forest health specialists,
especially for those who work internationally or are concerned with
species that have the potential to expand their ranges via
international trade, travel or environmental changes.
This text provides an introductory account of the physiology of
insects, intelligible to any reader with an elementary knowledge of
biology. It should be of interest to undergraduate students of
biology, entomology and agriculture.
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