An analysis of learning a second language through process drama. Topics covered include: evoking dramatic moments in second language learning and teaching; the nature of teacher-student interaction in drama-orientated language classrooms; and the psycho-social aspect of drama on learning.

`Here is timely and extremely useful exposition and guidance on the management and procedure of language and literacy teaching. Practical advice is offered on the breadth of the role of the primary school English subject leader right from the starting point of compiling an application for such a post. The extensive and thorough coverage is frequently supported by reference to current demands and expectations, including the Framework for teaching of The National Literacy Project. An impressive adjunct to the detail is the applied anecdotal evidence and the inclusion of actual examples of documentation devised and in use in schools. I was pleased to note such aspects as the conferencing technique for both reading and writing being integral to everyday strategies' - School Librarian `Everything co-ordinators need on policy development, implementation and evaluation in English, language and literacy' - Junior Education High quality teaching in English language and literacy is a central part of the primary school curriculum. The coordinator has a key role to play in building on good practice, introducing new ways of working and monitoring their effectiveness. This book is written for coordinators and for those who are intending to take on the subject leadership, and addresses the issues of policy development, implementation and evaluation in primary English. By drawing on background theory and research, the authors provide clear guidance on the central tasks of subject co-ordination. Case study material is used to illustrate development work in English language and literacy in primary schools. The authors give up-to-date and practical advice on how to understand the processes of change.

"This volume has some really nice features such as: the discussion of audio-lingual theory as deriving from behaviorism, the terrific discussion of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation--that is discussed here in a manner superior to any I've seen, the discussion of over-motivated students; the relation between self-esteem and self-efficacy, disabilities and language learning, and the provision of specific tips for learning vocabulary, grammar etc. The case studies are also wonderful. "
Robert Sternberg, Department of Psychology
Yale University

"The case studies are among the most appealing characteristics of the book. They present readily identifiable, relatively easy-to-understand types of learners, and they include a vast range of possible types. The questions and prods related to the case studies are very valuable. The tables are very handy. I love the table on defense mechanisms and the chart about the intriguing metaphors for language learning."
Rebecca L. Oxford, Ph.D, Area Head, Teacher Education
University of Alabama

Why is it so difficult for adults to learn a second language? How can we get to the source of these difficulties, diagnose the learner, and help them achieve their goals? Understanding Second Language Learning Difficulties addresses these questions, demonstrating some of the insights, techniques, and skills needed to understand adult students who are having problems learning a second language. Author Madeline E. Ehrman provides a deep examination of the source of difficulty, taking into consideration such issues as learning styles, personality dispositions, motivation, learning strategies, self-efficacy, and anxiety.

Helpful summaries, case studies, and exercises are included, giving the reader a firm grasp of the complex issues involved. This new volume presents multiple theories and models for each of the cases discussed, showing the reader how to evaluate observations in terms of individual difference dimensions. Scholars, researchers, and professionals in linguistics, communication, English as a second language, as well as teachers and trainers will value the thorough examination, and unique viewpoints this book offers.

Perhaps no other educational activity draws closer scrutiny than reading; it truly is "fundamental." Because written communication is so important, it is equally important to know how well your school is living up to the expectations of parents, the public, and government -- as well as to the needs of the students themselves. This essential guide provides the specific information and working materials needed to objectively evaluate the progress and performance of any school's curriculum for reading and writing. If reading is the first rung in the education ladder, this guide to evaluation is the necessary measure of its effectiveness. This book is part of a seven-volume series for evaluating programs and services in today's K-12 schools. The "master plan" for this series is found in Evaluating School Programs: An Educator's Guide by James R. Sanders. It describes the steps involved in conducting the evaluation, including ways to focus the evaluation, identify specific evaluation questions, and collect, organize, analyze, and report the information. All volumes in the series, including this one, are designed to be mutually complementary and used in conjunction with Evaluating School Programs.

Analysis of teaching of German and proposals for reform of the curriculum in German studies. This succinct book could be the key to a healthy and vital revival of the study of German language, literature and culture - and their intellectual and commercial riches - throughout the world. It describes in blunt terms the current crisis in German studies in the United States, as reflected primarily in the shrinking numbers of German-language students, and proposes reasonable solutions. It should be required reading for faculty members in every German section of foreign language departments and in every German department; and should be on the bookshelf of every graduate student who plans to enter the profession of German studies. The purpose of the book, written by two Germanists who are deeply committed to the profession, is to provoke debate, and to promote discussion, and to bring about reform.

The aim of this book is to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of teaching language for communication. It is written primarily for teachers who wish to adopt a communicative approach and would like to reflect on the principles that underlie it.

It begins by discussing the theory of language which underpins the communicative curriculum, viewing language as a structural system whose main function is to enable communication to take place. It goes on to present two apparently conflicting accounts of language learning - as a form of skill learning and as a natural process developing through exposure and use.

William Littlewood explores how these two forms of learning might be integrated into one framework which can then form the basis of a methodology for teaching communication skills. In the final part of his book he draws up the framework of this classroom methodology and concludes by considering what must permeate this methodology if learners are to be fully involved in the learning that goes on in the classroom.

English language teaching has undergone a lot of changes with fads and trends coming and going for centuries. With the widespread use of English in diverse contexts, the innovations and changes around the world, English language scholars and practitioners faced new challenges. In the 21st century, there is a great need to examine "old" and to explore contemporary issues thoroughly from different angles. This volume aims at updating perspectives on English language teaching and teacher education, with a special focus on the Turkish EFL context, exploring the status of the English language, learner-centeredness, professional development, conceptualizing teaching, and professionalism. The book will be of value to scholars, prospective and practicing teachers in the TESOL field.

This book presents a case study of student-writers from multiple cultural and academic backgrounds. It investigates how writing, as an act of identity, can be analyzed along an axis of individual and social influences. This continuum entails a number of related perspectives, including the ways in which individuals reproduce or challenge dominant literary practices and discourses, and how they occupy the subject positions made available in their discourse communities. The analysis of the findings draws on selected socio-semiotic and more broadly, anthropological views of language, which are then synthesized into a multi-aspect model of academic writer identity.

Designed for complete beginners, and tested for years with real learners, Complete Middle Egyptian offers a bridge from the textbook to the real world, enabling you to learn the grammar, access inscriptions in documents and monuments and even teaching you how to draw hieroglyphs yourself. Structured around key artefacts and introducing both the original hieroglyphs and transliteration (for easier understanding) this course also features: -16 learning units plus pronunciation section, grammar reference, sign list overview and sign list explanation -Stepped progression - clearly graduated progress through different levels of the language -Authentic materials - language taught through key artefacts and texts -Teaches the key skills - reading and understanding hieroglyphs -Culture insights - learn about the culture, society and politics in ancient Egypt -Self tests and learning activities - see and track your own progress Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years.

This book makes a unique contribution to classroom assessment literature, linking teacher-friendly examples to scholarly work and current research in the field, and providing comprehensive, hands-on information on core concepts in accessible terms. Examples of real activities and questions for reflection and discussion aim to enrich understanding.

This book offers a close investigation of interactional practices in L2 classrooms, and provides a deeper appreciation of the processes involved in the co-construction of understanding and knowledge in settings for instructed language learning. Using Conversation Analysis, and referring to epistemic, multimodal, and multilingual resources, Olcay Sert closely examines the verbal and nonverbal features of teacher-student interaction; for example, gaze, gestures and orientations to classroom artefacts. With an emphasis on the multimodal and multilingual resources, this is one of the first studies to comprehensively address these issues in L2 classrooms with a clear theoretical and practical underpinning, and is an essential study for researchers and postgraduate students in TESOL and Applied Linguistics. Studies in Social Interaction publishes research monographs that place social interaction at the centre of discussion. Each volume presents a clear overview of the work which has been done in a particular context, provides examples of how data can be approached and used to uncover social-interaction themes and issues, and explores how research in social interaction can feed into better understanding of professional practices and develop new research agendas.

Arguably the whole point of education is to effect change in what people know and are able to do. Globalization has contributed to a common perception worldwide of the need to introduce changes to the teaching and learning of languages. The success of many attempts to do so has been limited by insufficient consideration of implementation contexts. Understanding Language Classroom Contexts explores and illustrates how what happens in any (language) classroom is influenced by (and can be an influence on) the contexts in which it is situated. A clear understanding of these influences is thus the starting point for planning effective change. The book considers many visible and invisible features of the multiple layers of any context, and provides a framework for understanding the types of factors that may influence whether changes (planned by a teacher or externally initiated) are likely to be successful. The book will help teachers (and educational managers or change planners outside the classroom) to understand why their classrooms are as they are and so to make informed decisions about what can or cannot (or not easily) be changed, and suggests how any changes might be appropriately managed.

"Teaching Materials and the Roles of EFL/ESL Teachers" is published amidst a decade long increase in academic publications and training courses concerned with the evaluation and design of English language teaching materials. It is timely to consider what effect the advice on offer has had on teachers' practice. Are teachers evaluating materials carefully, using textbooks in the ways expected by textbook writers, developing their own materials, and mediating between materials and learners in the ways advised in the professional literature? The book explores these issues from a variety of perspectives. The views of publishers/textbook writers, those contributing to the professional literature, and teacher educators are synthesised to establish a 'theory' of how teachers can best fulfil their roles vis-a-vis materials and learners. This is then compared with 'practice', as represented by published accounts of teachers' actual practices and learners' perspectives. The conclusion reached is that teacher education in materials evaluation and design is essential and suggestions are offered as to the form this might take. The book is intended particularly for MA students and teacher educators concerned with materials evaluation and design, but is of interest to all those concerned with the publication and use of English language teaching materials.

Focuses for the first time on materials development and applications of current research and theory for the main areas of applied linguistics (e.g. second language acquisition, pragmatics, vocabulary studies). There are many books on applied linguistic theory and research and there are now a number of books on the principled development of materials for language learning, but this book takes a new approach by connecting the two concerns. Each of its chapters first of all presents relevant theories and research conclusions for its area and then considers practical applications for materials development. The chapters achieve these applications by reporting and commenting on current theory and research, by analysing the match between current published materials and current theory and by suggesting and exemplifying applications of current theory to materials development. This will be an essential resource both for those studying or teaching materials development and for those studying or teaching applied linguistics.

"Corpus-Based Approaches to ELT" presents a compilation of research exploring different ways to apply corpus-based and corpus-informed approaches to English language teaching.
Starting with an overview of research in the field of corpus linguistics and language teaching, various scenarios including academic and professional settings, as well as English as International Language, are described. Corpus-Based Approaches to ELT goes on to put forward several chapters focusing on error analysis using learner corpora and comparable native speaker corpora. Some of these chapters use translations and their original sources, while others compare the production of learners from different L1 in multilingual learner corpora. Also presented are new tools for corpus processing: a query program for parallel corpora, and the provision of tools to implement pedagogical annotation. The last section discuss the challenges and opportunities that multilayered and multimodal corpora may pose to corpus linguistic investigation.
This book will be indispensible to those teaching in higher education and wishing to develop corpus-based approaches, as well as researchers in the field of English Language Teaching.

This book examines current research in materials development and discussing their implications for the learning and teaching of languages. Recently there has been a dramatic increase in the attention given to materials development as an academic discipline. More universities are including modules on materials development on their MA in applied linguistics courses and more students are studying materials development in their PhD research. Yet to date there has been no publication focusing on reporting and discussing the results of research in materials development. This fills that gap, reporting on the results of recent research projects in materials development and discussing their implications for the learning and teaching of languages. The editors' introduction outlines the rationale, scope and objectives of the book and reviews previously published reports of research in materials development. There are concluding chapters which point out implications for second language acquisition theory and research methodology. The book features suggest applications of the reported research for materials development and proposals for future action in research in materials development for language teaching.

Using a corpus of data drawn from naturally-occurring second language conversations, this book explores the role of idiomaticity in English as a native language, and its comparative role in English as a lingua franca. Through examining how idiomaticity enables first language learners to achieve a greater degree of fluency, the book explores why idiomatic language poses such a challenge for users of English as a lingua franca. The book puts forward a new definition of competence and fluency within the context of English as a lingua franca, concluding with an analysis of practical implications for the lingua franca classroom.
This in-depth study of English language learning using corpus data will be of interest to researchers in applied linguistics and corpus linguistics and to teachers of English as an international lingua franca.

"Essentials For Successful English Language Teaching" is about how we teach English Language Learners (ELLs) and how our ELLs learn.

Farrell and Jacobs encourage those involved in teaching English to develop, maintain and rediscover the reasons that led them to take up the profession. They focus on the essentials in teaching the English language that teachers can implement in their instruction so that their students can excel in their learning:

Encourage learner autonomy
Emphasize the social nature of learning
Develop curricular integration, focus on meaning
Celebrate diversity
Expand thinking skills
Utilize alternative assessment, and
Promote English language teachers as co-learners along with their students.

These essentials are best implemented as a whole, rather than one at a time and so they are interwoven with each other to encourage a holistic teaching approach. Highly accessible, each chapter comes with case studies and a range of activities to encourage the reader to put each of the essentials into practice. With these the authors aim to bring an inner smile to all English language teachers that reassures them they made the right choice when they chose to become teachers of the English language.

This reflective and engaging book will be invaluable to postgraduate students of TESOL and applied linguistics, and in-service language teachers.

This book examines new functional approaches to language and education, and the impact of these on literacy in the classroom. The first section looks at issues of multimodality, in which the definition of a text is expanded to include not only that which is written down, but also the interaction of writing, graphics, and audiovisual material. The contributors explores ways in which language education can be expanded to deal with multimodal discourse, whether in children's books, in textbooks, or on the web. The second section looks at how critical discourse analysis and appraisal theory can be used as tools for assessing the effectiveness of student writing and literacy achievement, and also for helping developing writers to write more successfully. The final section argues that corpus-based studies of language have changed the way we see language, and that the way we teach language should evolve in line with these changes.

This appealing survey of new directions in language and education includes contributions from internationally renowned scholars. It will be of interest to researchers in systemic functional linguistics, or language and education.

This title examines the need for advanced levels of language learning from socio-cultural and linguistic perspectives.'The editor and authors in this volume make a convincing case for focusing on advanced foreign language instruction. Importantly, they invite consideration of this focus as an opportunity to re-examine conventional definitions of the target of instruction. In so doing, readers also learn more about the theories highlighted in this volume, and their capacity to enhance our understanding of advancedness and its development within an educational context. This book thus mediates between linguistic and language learning theories and educational practice, modelling the very best of what applied linguistics has to offer' - Diane Larsen-Freeman, Professor of Education, University of Michigan.The reality of multicultural societies and globalization has increased the demand for language abilities that far exceed those that have typically been associated with communicative competence in a second language. This book examines the acquisition of advanced levels of ability in three parts: theoretical; descriptive; and instructional. It moves beyond the traditional constraints of second language acquisition research by linking systemic functional linguistics and sociocultural theory. The contributors draw primarily on the work of Halliday, Vygotsky and Bakhtin, as well as empirical data from the language classroom, to suggest practical applications towards advanced literacy and linguistic competence."Advanced Language Learning" will be of interest to academics researching systemic functional linguistics, second language acquisition and applied linguistics.

"Set the Stage! "is a collection of essays on teaching Italian language, literature, and culture through theater. From theoretical background to course models, this book provides all the resources that teachers and students need to incorporate the rich and abundant Italian theater tradition into the curriculum. Features of the book include- the "Director's Handbook," a comprehensive guide with detailed instructions for every step of the process, from choosing a text to the final performance, - an exclusive interview with Nobel laureate Dario Fo, - a foreword by prize-winning author Dacia Maraini.

The study of teacher cognition - what teachers think, know and believe - and of its relationship to teachers' classroom practices has become a key theme in the field of language teaching and teacher education. This new in paperback volume provides a timely discussion of the research which now exists on language teacher cognition.The first part of the book considers what is known about the cognitions of pre-service and practicing teachers, and focuses specifically on teachers' cognitions in teaching grammar, reader and writing. The second part of the book evaluates a range of research methods which have been used in the study of language teacher cognition and provides a framework for continuing research in this fascinating field. This comprehensive yet accessible account will be relevant to researchers, teacher educators and curriculum managers working in language education contexts.

We live in a globalized and globalizing world that is marked by the twin processes of economic globalization and cultural globalization. In this thought-provoking book, Kumaravadivelu explores the impact of cultural globalization on second- and foreign-language education. Kumaravadivelu examines in detail how the cultural component of second- and foreign-language education has been informed by the Western notions of cultural assimilation, cultural pluralism, and cultural hybridity. Drawing insights from international and interdisciplinary sources, he argues that they have only a limited and limiting relevance to language education in the era of cultural globalization. Grounded in Western as well as non-Western perspectives, and written in an easily accessible style that combines personal narrative and academic genre, this book is indispensable for graduate students, practicing teachers, teacher educators, researchers, and others who are interested in exploring the complexity of cultural globalization and language education.