With "Teaching Grammar in Context," thousands of teachers discovered why students achieve better results when they learn grammar during the process of writing. In "Lessons to Share," Connie Weaver's promised sequel, she focuses on the practical, offering valuable "lessons" from educators at all levels.

The first section of the book addresses the learning and teaching of grammar, setting the stage for subsequent sections. The purpose behind the article on how language is learned is to help readers understand that babies and preschoolers acquire the grammar of their language without direct instruction and that language continues to develop indirectly during children's school years. Connie's article on teaching grammar in the context of writing articulates other aspects of the rationale that underlies this book: teaching grammar in the context of its use.

The second and major section deals with teaching grammar through writing, across the grades. The authors address punctuation, parts of speech, effective word choice and syntax, and conferencing with students to teach revision and editing. The next section focuses on style, with emphasis on sentence composing, "image grammar," and "breaking the rules" for stylistic effect. There is also a discussion of the power of dialects and the dialects of power. The last section deals with teaching the English language and its grammar to ESL students in kindergarten through college. The section and book conclude with an article on using grammar checking computer software.

The following pages have been drawn up with the view of helping the beginner to take his first steps in Egyptian. In brief, they contain a sketch of the commonest and most useful fact connected with the writing and grammar, short lists of the signs and determinatives which occur most frequently, a short vocabulary of about five hundred common worlds, as series of thirty nine texts and extracts with interlinear transliteration and word for word translation which belong to the period that lies between BC 4200 and 200 and a few untranslated and untranslated texts, with glossary, to be worked out independently.

Connors provides a history of composition and its pedagogical approaches to form, genre, and correctness. He shows where many of the today's practices and assumptions about writing come from, and he translates what our techniques and theories of teaching have said over time about our attitudes toward students, language and life.

Connors locates the beginning of a new rhetorical tradition in the mid-nineteenth century, and from there, he discusses the theoretical and pedagogical innovations of the last two centuries as the result of historical forces, social needs, and cultural shifts.

This important book proves that American composition-rhetoric is a genuine, rhetorical tradition with its own evolving theria and praxis. As such it is an essential reference for all teachers of English and students of American education.

This study of not only the silence, but the silencing of Mexican American Students in one California community college holds lessons for all educators-of all students at all levels. A profoundly important book.

Courtney B. Cazden

Charles William Eliot Professor of Education (Emerita), Harvard Graduate School of Education

This book argues controversially that second-language acquisition has much in common with other forms of skill learning, and that there is much to be learned about the business of language teaching by considering the views and practices of teachers in other domains.

For many Applied Linguists, language is unique among human skills, incomparable in its acquisition and use to other forms of behaviour. Their study of second-language learning and teaching may thus draw on knowledge about first-language acquisition, but not on what is known about the learning of non-linguistic skills. This book argues against such an approach. It begins by considering arguments for and against the uniqueness of language. It reviews the recent literature in second-language acquisition, looking both at general learning theories (which account for language alongside other skills) and opposing theories (mostly based on the study of Universal Grammar). The book then turns to language teaching, and in a programmatic way considers what insights may be gained by viewing language within a general skills framework. Particular attention is given to how the teacher may help students to make consciously learned language automatic.

This singular new textbook is both an introduction to the major theories of second language acquisition and a practical proposal for their application to language learning courses. It explains and evaluates these theories, and focuses on recent research that has enriched thinking about the best ways to facilitate communicative effectiveness in an L2. It then suggests practical applications regarding language planning, curriculum development, pedagogy, materials development, teacher development, and assessment, establishing a tangible connection between theory and practice. Unlike many SLA books which are narrowly focused on the acquisition of language, it explores the roles of factors such as pragmatics, para-linguistic signals, gesture, semiotics, multi-modality, embodied language, and brain activity in L2 communication. SLA Applied connects research-based theories to the authors' and students' real-life experiences in the classroom, and stimulates reflection and creativity through the inclusion of Readers' Tasks in every chapter. This engaging and relevant text is suitable for students in Applied Linguistics or TESOL courses, trainee teachers, researchers, and practitioners.

The aim of this book is to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of teaching language for communication. It is written primarily for teachers who wish to adopt a communicative approach and would like to reflect on the principles that underlie it.

It begins by discussing the theory of language which underpins the communicative curriculum, viewing language as a structural system whose main function is to enable communication to take place. It goes on to present two apparently conflicting accounts of language learning - as a form of skill learning and as a natural process developing through exposure and use.

William Littlewood explores how these two forms of learning might be integrated into one framework which can then form the basis of a methodology for teaching communication skills. In the final part of his book he draws up the framework of this classroom methodology and concludes by considering what must permeate this methodology if learners are to be fully involved in the learning that goes on in the classroom.

This is the first volume to focus on the assessment of second language writing. The collection as a whole provides coverage of all issues in second language writing assessment, starting from the context in which and for which assessment must occur, moving through the aspects of decision-making and design in a writing assessment program, and then considering how the need to evaluate any program on assessment can be carried out. After a discussion of issues of public reporting, an area which will receive increasing attention in the next few years, the volume closes with a discussion of what new issues and answers the future may bring. The book reflects the current belief in direct writing assessment in second language writing assessment. While it is often expected that those working with ESL students will focus on language error, throughout the book themes of needs, attitudes, ideas and content dominate. For second language writers the use of written language to learn, to create knowledge and to share ideas and beliefs are vitally important. Additionally, issues of cross-cultural academic literacy, practical information on criteria and scoring models for use with ESL writers, and research on the efficacy and effects of various assessment models are provided. The book blends theory and practice in a way which offers all those who are concerned with the writing skills of nonnative users of English an invaluable resource.

"Language Therapy" offers a comprehensive approach to dealing with the problem of language delay using therapy based on the LARSP and the Laura Lee frameworks. In guiding the reader through the relevant theory to its application in the field, the book lays the foundation for a systematic, orderly, developmental and principled approach to remediation, governed all the time by control and knowledge. Filled with usable material, the book contains explicit suggestions for therapy in all areas of language structure and use that need attention when dealing with the wide range of difficulties that language-delayed children experience. Of value to both new and experienced language therapists, the book will also be useful to other professionals involved with the language of the preschool child.

How does classroom language learning take place? How does an understanding of second language acquisition contribute to language teaching? In answering these questions, Rod Ellis reviews a wide range of research on classroom learning, developing a theory of instructed second language acquisition which has significant implications for language teaching.

The early chapters of this book trace the attempts to explain classroom language learning in terms of general theory of learning (behaviorism) and the study of naturalistic language learning. The middle chapters document the attempts of researchers to enter the "black box" of the classroom in order to describe the teaching-learning behaviors that take place there and to investigate to what extent and in what ways instruction results in acquisition.

The book concludes with a theory of classroom language learning. This theory advances an explanation of the relationship between explicit and implicit linguistic knowledge and in so doing accounts for how both form-focused and meaning-focused instruction contribute to second language acquisition in the classroom.

Even though many pre-service and in-service teacher programs now address information and computer technology, computer- assisted language learning (CALL) teacher education is still reported as inadequate. Why is this? This book elaborates on some of the existing concerns and through deft analysis of longitudinal data begins to piece together a future road map for CALL teacher education. The book adopts a sociocultural approach, based on the principle that teaching (and learning how to teach) is a long term, complex developmental process that operates through participation in social practices that come with the territory. Euline Cutrim Schmid highlights the need for situated and localized learning, pre-service and in-service collaboration and collaborative peer-assisted learning. Above all of this, the book recommends and proves the efficacy of socially aware and professional reflective practice. This is an essential sociolinguistic take on the computer learning revolution.

The release of a report by the Modern Language Association, "Foreign Languages and Higher Education: New Structures for a Changed World," focused renewed attention on college foreign language instruction at the introductory level. Frequently, the report finds, these beginning courses are taught by part-time and untenured instructors, many of whom remain on the fringes of the department, with little access to ongoing support, pedagogical training, or faculty development. When students with sensory, cognitive or physical disabilities are introduced to this environment, the results can be frustrating for both the student (who may benefit from specific instructional strategies or accommodations) and the instructor (who may be ill-equipped to provide inclusive instruction). Soon after the MLA report was published, the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages issued "Diversity and Inclusion in Language Programs," a position statement highlighting the value of inclusive classrooms that support diverse perspectives and learning needs. That statement specifies that all students, regardless of background, should have ample access to language instruction. Meanwhile, in the wake of these two publications, the number of college students with disabilities continues to increase, as has the number of world language courses taught by graduate teaching assistants and contingent faculty. Disability and World Language Learning begins at the intersection of these two growing concerns: for the diverse learner and for the world language instructor. Devoted to practical classroom strategies based on Universal Design for Instruction, it serves as a timely and valuable resource for all college instructors-adjunct faculty, long-time instructors, and graduate assistants alike-confronting a changing and diversifying world language classroom.

An essential resource for teachers in inclusive classrooms
This valuable sourcebook offers teachers key strategies on how to design and deliver effective instruction, measure success, and get students to work together. Covering topics such as decoding, vocabulary, blocking, using graphic organizers, mnemonics, literary elements, writing as a process, and doing research, it features dozens of ready-to-use language arts activities that are tied to core curriculum standards, and each activity has adaptations for students with different learning needs.

In learning languages, a distinction is usually made between mother tongues, second languages, and foreign languages. A mother tongue is the first language or languages one learns (or acquires) as a child. This book presents findings on language learning including the methodologies commonly used by behaviour analysts to teach verbal behaviour; the use of multimodal tools for pronunciation training in second language learning in preadolescents; and teaching health professionals about language barriers to improve health care disparities and outcomes.

In recent years, the expansion of screen media, including film, TV, music videos, and computer games, has inspired new tools for both educators and learners. This book illustrates how screen media can be exploited to support foreign language (L2) teaching and learning. Drawing on a range of theories and approaches from second language acquisition, audio-visual translation, multimodality, and new media and film studies, this book provides both best practices and in-depth research on this interdisciplinary field. Areas of screen media-enhanced learning and teaching are covered across 4 sections: film and broadcast media, in-depth case studies, translation and screen media, and interactive media. With a focus on pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning Spanish, French, German, and English as a Foreign Language, Teaching Languages with Screen Media presents innovative insights in this new interdisciplinary field.