The first volume of the serial is dedicated to writing, merely for the reason that writing can still be considered in language education to be a skill to which little attention is paid, where as discourses on listening, reading, and especially speaking experienced major advances over the last two decades. With the intention to question this rather international tendency from as many as possible different perspectives, this book unifies articles from Switzerland and Italy, Denmark, Germany, and the US, dealing with French, Italian, German, and English as foreign or second languages in all levels of instruction. The aim of this first volume is mainly to encourage the understanding of an expanded function of writing in the field of language education, in theoretical terms and within the framework of classroom practice. Writing is understood here not only as a tool for recording knowledge but also as a means of developing it. Writing seen as such reaches beyond the realm of a foreign language, connecting the learners expertise of his/her native language and culture with the ones to be studied. When we acknowledge language as a social phenomenon, the potential uses of writing for learning across the curriculum are revealed.

This volume chronicles a revolution in our thinking about what makes students want to learn languages and what causes them to persist in that difficult and rewarding adventure. Topics in this book include the internal structures of and external connections with foreign language motivation; exploring adult language learning motivation, self-efficacy, and anxiety; comparing the motivation and learning strategies of students of Japanese and Spanish; and enhancing the theory of language learning motivation from many psychological and social perspectives.

This bibliography is a compilation of 15 short bibliographies published in an issue of the Journal of Second Language Writing from January 1993 to September 1997. The work focuses on theoretically grounded research reports and essays addressing issues in second and foreign language writing and writing instruction, containing 676 entries, each including a 50+ word summary intended to be non-evaluative in nature. The editors hope that this work will be a useful tool for developing theory, research, and instruction in second language writing.

Now you can use quality children's literature to teach traditional reading skills! Providing a balance between traditional and literature-based instruction, these books include stimulating and instructive lessons based on approximately 150 skills commonly found in basal readers. These lessons utilize a variety of strategies that can be applied to teaching myriad skills-from alphabet and alphabetization to word recognition skills. Each featured book includes a variety of activities and a list of related books. Semantic feature analysis, attribute charts, writing activities, problem solving, genre analysis, wordplay, and phonetic analysis are just some of the strategies covered. Wonderful tools for enlivening reading instruction, these resources reconcile the need to teach basic skills with the desire to use children's literature.

Through its constuctivist orientation and Sociocultural perspective, this book contributes to an improved understanding of what it means to read and, particularly, to recall, second language texts in the context of both second language reading and research. It also serves as an introduction to Sociocultural Theory and demonstrates the usefulness of this type of analysis, not only of written recall protocols, but of other forms of learner language. Finally, it attempts to illustrate the nature of activity in relation to task, by showing the diverse ways in which learners approach the task of writing a recall protocol.

This work offers a comprehensive account of the development of English as a school subject. It also examines the debates over English which have centred on the National Curriculum and its assessment. Drawing on data from two recent studies, it investigates what is taught in the English curriculum. Particular attention has been given to the divisions between language and literature in English as well as the debates about the teaching of grammar and Standard English. Underpinning the analysis is a concentration on the differences and similarities between the primary and secondary curricula. Promoting the importance of English language in contemporary society, the book provides an overview of the current scene.>

Now you can use quality children's literature to teach traditional reading skills! Providing a balance between traditional and literature-based instruction, these books include stimulating and instructive lessons based on approximately 150 skills commonly found in basal readers. These lessons utilize a variety of strategies that can be applied to teaching myriad skills-from alphabet and alphabetization to word recognition skills. Each featured book includes a variety of activities and a list of related books. Semantic feature analysis, attribute charts, writing activities, problem-solving, genre analysis, wordplay, and phonetic analysis are just some of the strategies covered. Wonderful tools for enlivening reading instruction, these resources reconcile the need to teach basic skills with the desire to use children's literature.

It has long been an assumption in the field of English as a foreign language that those who speak the language as natives pronounce the way it should be taught. Most influential figures in the field have been outsiders, and the subject has accordingly not been really defined as the teaching of English as a foreign language, but as the teaching of English to foreigners: quite a different thing. This book discusses the designing of programs for learning which will take the different kinds of foreign-ness into account.

This volume focuses on the decision-making potential provided by second language performance assessments. The authors first situate performance assessment within a broader discussion of alternatives in language assessment and in educational assessment in general. They then discuss issues in performance assessment design, implementation, reliability, and validity. Finally, they present a prototype framework for second language performance assessment based on the integration of theoretical underpinnings and research findings from the task-based language teaching literature, the language testing literature, and the educational measurement literature. The authors outline test and item specifications, and they present numerous examples of prototypical language tasks. They also propose a research agenda focusing on the operationalization of second language performance assessments.

With "Teaching Grammar in Context," thousands of teachers discovered why students achieve better results when they learn grammar during the process of writing. In "Lessons to Share," Connie Weaver's promised sequel, she focuses on the practical, offering valuable "lessons" from educators at all levels.

The first section of the book addresses the learning and teaching of grammar, setting the stage for subsequent sections. The purpose behind the article on how language is learned is to help readers understand that babies and preschoolers acquire the grammar of their language without direct instruction and that language continues to develop indirectly during children's school years. Connie's article on teaching grammar in the context of writing articulates other aspects of the rationale that underlies this book: teaching grammar in the context of its use.

The second and major section deals with teaching grammar through writing, across the grades. The authors address punctuation, parts of speech, effective word choice and syntax, and conferencing with students to teach revision and editing. The next section focuses on style, with emphasis on sentence composing, "image grammar," and "breaking the rules" for stylistic effect. There is also a discussion of the power of dialects and the dialects of power. The last section deals with teaching the English language and its grammar to ESL students in kindergarten through college. The section and book conclude with an article on using grammar checking computer software.

Connors provides a history of composition and its pedagogical approaches to form, genre, and correctness. He shows where many of the today's practices and assumptions about writing come from, and he translates what our techniques and theories of teaching have said over time about our attitudes toward students, language and life.

Connors locates the beginning of a new rhetorical tradition in the mid-nineteenth century, and from there, he discusses the theoretical and pedagogical innovations of the last two centuries as the result of historical forces, social needs, and cultural shifts.

This important book proves that American composition-rhetoric is a genuine, rhetorical tradition with its own evolving theria and praxis. As such it is an essential reference for all teachers of English and students of American education.

This singular new textbook is both an introduction to the major theories of second language acquisition and a practical proposal for their application to language learning courses. It explains and evaluates these theories, and focuses on recent research that has enriched thinking about the best ways to facilitate communicative effectiveness in an L2. It then suggests practical applications regarding language planning, curriculum development, pedagogy, materials development, teacher development, and assessment, establishing a tangible connection between theory and practice. Unlike many SLA books which are narrowly focused on the acquisition of language, it explores the roles of factors such as pragmatics, para-linguistic signals, gesture, semiotics, multi-modality, embodied language, and brain activity in L2 communication. SLA Applied connects research-based theories to the authors' and students' real-life experiences in the classroom, and stimulates reflection and creativity through the inclusion of Readers' Tasks in every chapter. This engaging and relevant text is suitable for students in Applied Linguistics or TESOL courses, trainee teachers, researchers, and practitioners.

The following pages have been drawn up with the view of helping the beginner to take his first steps in Egyptian. In brief, they contain a sketch of the commonest and most useful fact connected with the writing and grammar, short lists of the signs and determinatives which occur most frequently, a short vocabulary of about five hundred common worlds, as series of thirty nine texts and extracts with interlinear transliteration and word for word translation which belong to the period that lies between BC 4200 and 200 and a few untranslated and untranslated texts, with glossary, to be worked out independently.

This study of not only the silence, but the silencing of Mexican American Students in one California community college holds lessons for all educators-of all students at all levels. A profoundly important book.

Courtney B. Cazden

Charles William Eliot Professor of Education (Emerita), Harvard Graduate School of Education

This important new course provides a comprehensive basic introduction to teaching languages, for use in pre-service or early experience settings. It can be used by groups of teachers working with a trainer, or as a self-study resource. It consists of modules on key topics, arranged into sections covering: The Teaching Process, Teaching the Language, Course Content, Lessons, and Learner Differences. Modules can be used in sequence, or selectively. Each module presents practical and theoretical aspects of the topic, with tasks. Suggestions for classroom observation and practice, action research projects and further reading are included. Notes for the trainer with stimulating insights from the author's personal experience complete the course.

This is the first volume to focus on the assessment of second language writing. The collection as a whole provides coverage of all issues in second language writing assessment, starting from the context in which and for which assessment must occur, moving through the aspects of decision-making and design in a writing assessment program, and then considering how the need to evaluate any program on assessment can be carried out. After a discussion of issues of public reporting, an area which will receive increasing attention in the next few years, the volume closes with a discussion of what new issues and answers the future may bring. The book reflects the current belief in direct writing assessment in second language writing assessment. While it is often expected that those working with ESL students will focus on language error, throughout the book themes of needs, attitudes, ideas and content dominate. For second language writers the use of written language to learn, to create knowledge and to share ideas and beliefs are vitally important. Additionally, issues of cross-cultural academic literacy, practical information on criteria and scoring models for use with ESL writers, and research on the efficacy and effects of various assessment models are provided. The book blends theory and practice in a way which offers all those who are concerned with the writing skills of nonnative users of English an invaluable resource.

This book analyses the role of writing as an integral part of communicative competence in the teaching/learning process, particularly in TEFL at Slovak primary schools. The author chooses primary schools in the Nitra Self-governing Region in Slovakia as the sample, with an intention to find out if primary school learners in Slovakia understand the instructions to the written exercises they are given. He analyses the mistakes/errors they usually make, and judges the criteria for reaching the expected level of writing proficiency in English. Using the very same methodology, he compares a previous research with the current situation, taking all aspects into account.

This teacher'd guide is designed to accompany an anthology of Norwegian writings. It suggests a variety of classroom communication activities for using in work with both pairs of students and with small groups. Intended primarily to complement ""Norsk, Nordmenn, og Norge"" the most widely used Norwegian text in the United States, the anthology may also be used independently and offers a lively, diverse collection of Norwegian writings for the intermediate-level student of Norwegian. High schools universities, or adult classes will find that the various stories and exercises provide a flexible text to meet their differing needs. Writings by Norwegians for Norwegians are grouped into three sections that allow the student to receive a hands-on approach to ""bokmal"" (Norway's standard language). The first section provides core readings that gradually grow in length and complexity, including stories, songs and dramatic sketches on themes ranging from romantic relationships and travel complications to women's rights and environmental issues. A second section on cultural background explores Norwegian geography, immigration to the United States, Germany's World War II occupation of Norway, and contemporary social issues in Norway. Students will find the third group of writings a useful start to expanding their use of Norwegian: selected texts are repeated in ""nynorsk"" (Norway's second official language), ""riksmal"" (the older form of the language), various Norwegian dialects, Swedish, and Danish, to demonstrate how minor adjustments in reading skills can make a wider range of writings accessible to the student. Bound by no single philosophy or teaching method, the anthology allows instructors to use their own approaches, while offering a range of specific suggestions for those who desire more structure. The anthology's eclectic character, introductions to selected Norwegian authors, vocabulary lists, and maps provide opportunities for discussing Norwegian history, culture, geography and literature. Cartoons, jokes, charts, directions, illustrations, maps, and a tourist brochure add variety to the readings. A companion workbook (""arbeidsbok"") is also available, offering a comprehensive grammar review and exercises. It also introduces new constructions necessary for comprehending and discussing the core selections of the anthology.

Even though many pre-service and in-service teacher programs now address information and computer technology, computer- assisted language learning (CALL) teacher education is still reported as inadequate. Why is this? This book elaborates on some of the existing concerns and through deft analysis of longitudinal data begins to piece together a future road map for CALL teacher education. The book adopts a sociocultural approach, based on the principle that teaching (and learning how to teach) is a long term, complex developmental process that operates through participation in social practices that come with the territory. Euline Cutrim Schmid highlights the need for situated and localized learning, pre-service and in-service collaboration and collaborative peer-assisted learning. Above all of this, the book recommends and proves the efficacy of socially aware and professional reflective practice. This is an essential sociolinguistic take on the computer learning revolution.

Do you want to communicate easily and freely in Spanish? Master Spanish grammar and broaden your vocabulary with your very own Spanish Tutor. This contemporary interactive workbook features 200 activities across a range of grammar and vocabulary points with clear goals, concise explanations, and real-world tasks. By studying and practicing Spanish grammar you'll understand how the language really works and be able to speak Spanish with clarity and ease. What will I learn? The Spanish Tutor: Grammar and Vocabulary Workbook covers a comprehensive range of the most useful and frequent grammar and vocabulary in Spanish. You can follow along unit by unit, or dip in and dip out to address your weak areas. As you progress, you will be introduced to new vocabulary and combine it with the grammar to complete extensive exercises. You will then practice the language through authentic reading and writing practice. You will achieve a solid upper intermediate level* of Spanish grammar. Is this course for me? The Spanish Tutor: Grammar and Vocabulary Workbook can be used as a standalone course or as a complement to any other Spanish course. It offers extensive practice and review of essential grammar points and vocabulary and skills building. The personal tutor element points out exceptions and gives tips to really help you perfect your Spanish. What do I get? This Spanish workbook offers a range of clear and effective learning features: -200 activities across a range of grammar and vocabulary points -Unique visuals and infographics for extra context and practice -Personal tutor hints and tips to help you to understand language rules and culture points -Learn to learn section offers tips and advice on how to be a good language learner 25 short learning units each contain: -communication goals to guide your studies -grammar explanations with extensive exercises -vocabulary presentations and activities -reading and writing sections to consolidate your learning *This workbook maps from Novice High to Advanced Mid level proficiency of ACTFL (American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages) and from A2 Beginner to B2 Upper Intermediate level of the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) guidelines. What other courses are available? For further study and practice, see Get Started in Spanish (ISBN 9781444174922) and Complete Spanish: Teach Yourself (ISBN 9781444177244). Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years.

Die Untersuchung von Verstehensprozessen im Umgang mit transkultureller Literatur hat einen hohen Stellenwert in der Fremdsprachenlehr- und -lernforschung. Lerngruppen, in denen diese Prozesse gefoerdert werden, sind jedoch selbst immer heterogener. Die Studie untersucht sprachlich-kulturelle Identitatskonstrukte und Prozesse der Selbst- und Weltreflexion von Franzoesischlernern sowie soziale Prozesse der Bedeutungsaushandlung wahrend der Arbeit mit einem "film beur" in unterschiedlich heterogenen Lerngruppen. Anschliessend wird ein Bildungskonzept fur mehrsprachige Lerngruppen modelliert, das die Lerner darin unterstutzt, ihr Differenzerleben in einer pluralen Lebenswelt konstruktiv zu nutzen. Eine zentrale Rolle fur die Modellierung spielen biographisch relevante Emotionen der Lerner.

Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language concentrates on the origins, developments and current directions of the discipline Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language (TAFL) within the Arab world and partially outside of it during the last 60 years, namely between 1958 and 2018. Considered in this volume are the most influential scholars, authors, educators and those significant works that have contributed to the development of the discipline. In addition, special attention is paid to the TAFL institutes, regarded as epicenters of TAFL activities and important meetings, that allow scholars to gather around the same table and discuss approaches, trends and methods used in the field. All of these aspects converge in one comprehensive study which is enriched by a narration of the main sociopolitical changes that have affected the Middle East in latter-day history.